Estruturas flexíveis estão sujeitas a excitações desconhecidas que podem causar danos. Um dos possíveis artifícios para lidar com este problema é a teoria de controle de sistemas dinâmicos. Em particular, uma técnica que suscita o interessa para aplicação nesta classe de sistemas é o controle ótimo, devido às suas boas propriedades de resposta e factibilidade, podendo ser aplicado até através de circuitos analógicos. O contratempo desta técnica é a necessidade de um número de sensores igual ao número de estados do sistema, o que para estruturas é inviável. Como uma alternativa, pode se empregar os procedimentos usuais de restrição de realimentação do sinal medido. No entanto, estes casos não consideram o projeto das matrizes de saída e entrada, fator determinante para o controle de vibrações em estruturas. O objetivo deste trabalho é preencher esta lacuna. Inicialmente, são introduzidos alguns conceitos das teorias de controle ótimo, dinâmica estrutural e sobre métodos de discretização em séries. Em seguida, determinam-se as condições necessárias de otimalidade considerando como variáveis de otimização o ganho e as posições dos sensores e atuadores. Determinadas as condições, investigam-se os principais desafios para solução destas equações, dados pela existência de parâmetros que estabilizem o sistema e a dependência do ponto ótimo em relação à condição inicial do sistema. O primeiro é resolvido a partir da especificação do sistema linear para uma forma modal e utilizando funções de controle de Lyapunov, o que adicionalmente proporciona o resultado de que o controle colocalizado é um controle ótimo. Para o segundo são propostas duas soluções, sendo uma utilizada para determinar as posições dos atuadores para projetar um controle LQR com desempenho satisfatório, e a outra para determinar os ganhos e posições dos sensores de modo a obter um controle com realimentação de saída com desempenho próximo ao LQR projetado. Os resultados obtidos a partir da aplicação da metodologia desenvolvida em exemplos da dinâmica estrutural revelaram um desempenho notável. Mesmo para uma razão pequena entre o número de sensores pelo número de estados obteve-se um desempenho equivalente ao LQR, exibindo também propriedades robustez consideráveis em relação às variáveis de otimização. Conclui-se que a metodologia desenvolvida é uma boa alternativa para as técnicas de controle LQR e LQG. / Flexible structures are subject to unknown excitations that may cause damage. One of the possible artifices to deal with this problem is the control theory of dynamical systems. In particular, a technique that raises the interest for application in this class of systems is the optimal control, due to its good properties of response and feasibility, as it can be applied even through analog circuits. A drawback of this technique is the need for a number of sensors equal to the number of states, which for structures is impracticable. As an alternative, the usual procedures of using only measured signals for feedback can be employed. However, these cases do not consider the design of the input and output matrices, a determining factor for vibration control in structures. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap. Initially, some concepts of the theories of optimal control, structural dynamics and series discretization methods are introduced. Then, the optimality conditions are determined considering the gain and locations of sensors and actuators as the optimization variables. Given these conditions, we investigate the main challenges to solve these equations, given by the existence of parameters that stabilize the system and the dependence of the optimum point in relation to the initial condition of the system. The first one is solved from the specification of the linear system to a modal form and using Lyapunov control functions, which additionally provides the result that the collocated control is an optimal control. For the second two solutions are proposed, one being used to determine the positions of the actuators to design a LQR control with satisfactory performance, and the other to determine the gains and positions of the sensors in order to obtain an output feedback control with close performance to the designed LQR. The results obtained from the application of the methodology developed in structural dynamics examples revealed a remarkable performance. Even for a small ratio between the number of sensors by the number of states a performance equivalent to the LQR was obtained, also exhibiting considerable robustness properties in relation to the optimization variables. It is concluded that the developed methodology is a good alternative for LQR and LQG control techniques.

<p>This thesis considers the problem of fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control (FTC) for chemical process systems with nonlinear dynamics. The primary objective of fault diagnosis discussed in this work is to identify the failed actuator or sensor by using the information embodied in a process model, as well as input and output data. To this end, an active fault isolation method is first proposed to identify actuator faults and process disturbances by utilizing control action and process nonlinearity. The key idea is to move the process to a region upon fault detection where the effect of each fault can be differentiated from others. The proposed method enables isolation of faults that may not be achievable under nominal operation. This work then investigates the problem of sensor fault isolation by exploiting model-based sensor redundancy through state observer design. Specifically, a high-gain observer is presented and the stability property of the closed-loop system is rigorously established. A method that uses a bank of high-gain observers is then proposed to isolate sensor faults, which explicitly accounts for process nonlinearity, and to continue nominal operation upon fault isolation. In addition to fault diagnosis, this work addresses the problem of handling severe actuator faults using a safe-parking approach and integrating fault diagnosis and safe-parking techniques in a unified fault-handling framework. In particular, several practical issues are considered for the design and implementation of safe-parking techniques, including changes in process dynamics, the network structure of a chemical plant, and actuators frozen at arbitrary positions. The advantage of this approach is that it enables stable process operation under faulty conditions, avoiding the partial or entire shutdown of a chemical plant and resulting economic losses. The efficacy of the proposed fault diagnosis and FTC methods is demonstrated through numerous simulations of chemical process examples.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Orientador: Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira / Resumo: Este trabalho dedica-se ao estudo do problema de controle robusto envolvendo custo H∞ para sistemas lineares chaveados no tempo contínuo, sujeitos à saturação no atuador e com incertezas politópicas, considerando leis de chaveamento e controladores chaveados dependentes da saída da planta. Os métodos propostos oferecem novas condições baseadas em Desigualdades Matriciais Lineares (LMIs - do inglês, Linear Matrix Inequalities) para o projeto de controladores chaveados utilizando funções de Lyapunov dependentes de parâmetros. O método é baseado em um resultado recentemente introduzido na literatura para o projeto de controle H∞ de saída o qual evita igualdades matriciais lineares (LMEs - do inglês, Linear Matrix Equalities) e a necessidade de impor restrições nas matrizes de saída do sistema, isto é, as matrizes de saída do sistema podem ser de posto linha incompleto. Com o objetivo de estender estes resultados, a restrição de saturação no atuador é estudada. Análises teóricas e resultados de simulações mostram que os novos procedimentos são menos conservativos quando comparados a métodos publicados recentemente na literatura. No método proposto, as condições são uma classe particular de desigualdades matriciais bilineares (BMIs - do inglês, Bilinear Matrix Inequalities), as quais contêm alguns termos bilineares devido à multiplicação de matrizes por escalares. Estes termos estão relacionados à combinação convexa das matrizes de chaveamento bem como a outros parâmetros escalare... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This thesis is devoted to the study of the robust H∞ control problem of continuous-time switched linear systems subject to actuator saturation with polytopic uncertainties, considering an output-dependent switching law and a switched static output feedback controller. The proposed method offers new sufficient conditions based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) for designing the switched controllers using parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions. The method is based on a static output feedback H∞ control design recently presented in the literature that avoids linear matrices equalities (LMEs) and the need to impose any constraints on output system matrices, that is, the output matrices of the system are allowed to be of non-full row rank. In order to extend those results, the actuator saturation constraint is also studied. Theoretical analyses and simulation results show that these new procedures are less conservative than recent methods available in the literature. The conditions of the proposed methods are a particular class of Bilinear Matrix Inequalities (BMIs), which contain some bilinear terms as the product of a matrix and a scalar, related to a suitable convex combination and scalars parameters to provide extra free dimensions in the solution space. The hybrid algorithm Differential Evolution-Linear Matrix Inequality (DE-LMI), is proposed for obtaining feasible solutions of this particular NP-hard problem. Examples show that the proposed methodologies reduce the design ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Cette thèse porte sur la conception de commandes robustes pour les systèmes non linéaires, mettant l'accent sur les systèmes mécaniques. Des résultats concluants sont présentés pour résoudre deux situations très abordées dans la théorie du contrôle : 1) La stabilité des systèmes non linéaires perturbés ; 2) Le suivi global de trajectoire dans les systèmes mécaniques en ayant seulement connaissance de la position. Nous avons commencé par donner une méthode de conception des commandes robustes pour assurer une régulation de sortie non passive. En outre, si le système est perturbé (pas appariés), des preuves rigoureuses pour les rejeter sont fournies. Ce résultat est principalement inspiré d'un changement de coordonnées et de l'action intégrale dynamique. Si le scénario à traiter concerne des systèmes mécaniques avec des perturbations variant dans le temps, nous dotons le système de propriétés comme IISS (Integral Input- State Stable) et ISS (Input-State Stable). Ce résultat est obtenu en modifiant la procédure de conception de manière à rejeter les perturbations constantes (pas appariés). Cependant, en raison de la non-linéarité du système, les commandes qui en résultent ont une grande complexité. Pour le même problème, un deuxième et élégant résultat est donné au cas où un changement préalable de variable (impulsions) est réalisé. Finalement, une réponse convaincante au problème de suivi de trajectoire pour les systèmes mécaniques est donnée en tenant compte uniquement des informations de position. Nous résolvons ce problème en deux étapes. Premièrement, quelques modifications sont apportées à la preuve de stabilité d'un observateur de vitesse basée sur la théorie de l'invariance et l’Immersion récemment publié. Notez que ceci est un observateur satisfaisant la convergence exponentielle de vitesse dans les systèmes mécaniques. Deuxièmement et sur la base du changement de coordonnées (impulsions), un contrôleur de suivi avec stabilité exponentielle, tenant compte de la position et de la vitesse, est proposé. De telle sorte qu'avec la combinaison des deux résultats, le suivi de trajectoire exponentielle avec retour de position est donné. / This thesis focuses on the design of robust control for nonlinear systems, mainly on mechanical systems. The results presented are to two situations widely discussed in control theory: 1) The stability of nonlinear systems disturbed; 2) The global tracking trajectory in mechanical systems having only knowledge of the position. We started giving a design method of robust controls to ensure regulation on non-passive output. In addition, if the system is perturbed (constant unmatched), rigorous proof to its rejection is provided. This result is based mainly on change of coordinates and integral dynamic control. When the scenario to deal are mechanical systems with time-varying matched and unmatched, disturbance, the system is endowed with strong properties as IISS (Integral Input-State Stable) and ISS (Input-State Stable). This is achieved based on the design method to rejection of constant disturbances (unmatched). However, due to the nonlinearity of the system, the controllers have a high complexity. For the same problem, a second and elegant result is given making a initial change of coordinate on the momenta variable, such that the controller significantly simplifies, preserving the aforementioned robustness properties. Finally, a convincing answer to the problem of global exponential tracking of mechanical systems is given taking into account only the position information. We solve this problem in two steps. First, some slight variation is presented to the proof of stability of a speed observer based on Immersion and Invariance theory recently published. Note that this is a speed observer satisfying the exponential convergence speed in mechanical systems. Secondly, and based on the change of coordinates (momenta), a globally exponentially stable tracking controller with position and velocity known is proposed. The combination of both results give the first global exponential tracking controller of mechanical systems without velocity measurements.

As futuras utilizações de sistemas de controle em automóveis seguirão a tendência de integração, através do desenvolvimento de sistemas de controle integrados capazes de coordenar as ações dos vários subsistemas que compõem o veículo. Esta coordenação e integração requerem que as integrações entre os subsistemas sejam levadas em conta já nos primeiros estágios de projeto, levando ao desenvolvimento de modelos completos de veículos. Neste sentido, o comportamento dinâmico de um veículo de quatro rodas é analisado através de técnicas de modelagem de sistemas multicorpos utilizando-se o programa ADAMS. Posteriormente, são gerados modelos lineares obtidos através do Jacobiano das equações do modelo original, resultando em uma gama de equações na forma de espaço de estados. O modelo linearizado é então submetido a vários tipos de simulações e os resultados são comparados às respostas do modelo não linear de modo a validar as aproximações lineares em diferentes condições de operação do veículo. São também desenvolvidos dois sistemas de controle de suspensão baseados em técnicas de controle ótimo como duas diferentes abordagens: um controlador skyhook que foi implementado no modelo não linear desenvolvido no ADAMS e um controle de suspensão baseado em um controlador RLQ (Regulador Linear Quadrático), com realimentação de saída que utiliza os modelos linearizados na forma de espaço de estados, sendo este último implementado através da co-simulação ADAMS/Matlab. O sistema de controle de suspensão desenvolvido é um primeiro passo na tentativa de projeto de um sistema de controle integrado do movimento. / Future applications of control in automotive vehicles will follow a trend towards system integration, leading ultimately to the development of integrated vehicle control systems capable of coordinating the action of the various subsystems. The coordination and integration of automotive vehicle subsystems require the interaction amongst the various subsystems to be taken into consideration at the control design stages, resulting in full vehicle models. Therefore, a nonlinear 10 degree of freedom model is obtained through MBS modelling techniques present in ADAMS package software. Then, a linear model is obtained by linearization of the system equations through the Jacobian facility also present in ADAMS. The resulting linearised models are simulated and their response are compared to the previous non-linear one in order to validate the linear approximations. This work also presents two distincts suspension control systems based in optimal control theory: a skyhook controler designed at ADAMS (with the non-linear vehicle model) and a LQR (Linear Quadratic Regulator) with output feedback based on the state space linear vehicle model. This last one was designed through ADAMS/Matlab co-simulation facilities. This designed suspension control is a first attempt to future developments of integrated vehicle control.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T18:50:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Introducao.pdf: 140805 bytes, checksum: fc7ea84f193f6d764fa24f41af40d07f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-09 / Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Este trabalho trata do problema de controle H-infinito de uma classe de sistemas lineares com saltos Markovianos (MJLS) a tempo contínuo, onde a cadeia de Markov toma valores em um conjunto infinito enumerável. Um bounded real lemma (que chamamos JBRL) é desenvolvido, estabelecendo que a factibilidade de um conjunto infinito de desigualdades matriciais lineares (LMIs) interconectadas é necessária e suficiente para que um dado sistema seja estocasticamente estável (SS) e atenda a um desempenho H-infinito prescrito. O problema H-infinito estudado consiste na atenuação do efeito que perturbações estocásticas de energia finita causam na saída de um sistema, no pior caso. Neste problema, conhecido na literatura como "disturbance attenuation" (DA), assumimos ainda que o controlador somente tem acesso ao processo de saltos e a uma saída do sistema. Os controladores de interesse devem garantir que tanto a estabilidade (SS) quanto um desempenho H-infinito sejam observados no sistema em malha fechada - donde as condições impostas pelo JBRL são determinantes para a existência de soluções. Um importante aspecto dessa nova abordagem é que ferramentas tão fundamentais quanto o Complemento de Schur ou o Lema da Projeção, p.ex., não podem mais ser usados para manipular os conjuntos de LMIs infinitamente acopladas - tal dificuldade é contornada pela introdução de versões estendidas desses resultados, no início do trabalho. Um dos principais resultados deste trabalho caracteriza a existência de soluções através de dois problemas LMI complementares, um dos quais torna possível o design computacional de controladores. Por fim, são apresentados algoritmos para a construção prática de controladores, ótimos ou sub-ótimos, dando origem a um conjunto de ferramentas que, especialmente no caso em que a cadeia de Markov é finita, podem ser implementadas computacionalmente de maneira imediata. Mesmo no caso finito, os resultados da tese são mais fortes do que aqueles atualmente encontrados na literatura.

Les systèmes piles à combustible de type PEM pour des applications de transport reposent sur un ensemble d’auxiliaires (stockage d’hydrogène, compresseur d’air, convertisseur de puissance, humidificateur, etc) qui assurent le bon fonctionnement du système pile. La mise en place d’observateurs permet de disposer d’un outil pour reconstruire les états non mesurés de ce système; cela permet de mettre en place un contrôle par retour de sortie en vue d’optimiser les performances du système pile et ainsi d'améliorer la détection et l’isolation de défauts (FDI). Cette thèse est basée sur l’étude et la synthèse d'observateurs adaptatifs par mode glissant d’ordre supérieur, pour deux principaux auxiliaires de la pile que sont, le système d'alimentation en air et les convertisseurs de puissance associés à la pile. La première partie de la thèse est consacrée à la synthèse d’observateurs pour la reconstruction des états et à la détection et l’isolation des défauts sur le système d’alimentation en air de la PEMFC. Dans un premier temps, un observateur algébrique par mode glissant d’ordre supérieur est synthétisé pour la reconstruction de la pression partielle de l'oxygène et de l'azote. Dans un deuxième temps, un nouvel observateur adaptatif par mode glissant d’ordre deux est synthétisé pour assurer l'observation simultanée des états, l'identification des paramètres, la surveillance et la reconstruction de défaut dans le circuit d’air. Les performances des observateurs proposées ont été validées grâce à un simulateur Hardware-In-Loop (HIL) du système pile à combustible.Dans la deuxième partie, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’élaboration d’observateurs et de commande par retour de sortie pour les convertisseurs associé au système pile dans une application transport. Ainsi, une commande novatrice par mode glissant d’ordre deux, de type retour de sortie, a été élaborée pour le convertisseur AC/DC. Dans un second temps, un observateur de type modes glissants d’ordre 2 adaptatif est synthétisé pour un convertisseur de type multicellulaire. / Automotive PEM Fuel Cell systems rely upon a set of auxiliary systems for proper operation, such as humidifier, air-feed compressor, power converter etc. The internal physical states of the latter are often unmeasurable, yet required for their precise control. Observers provide a means of obtaining the unmeasured states of these auxiliary systems for feedback control, optimal energy consumption and Fault Diagnosis and Isolation (FDI). This thesis is based on higher order sliding mode observer design studies for two major PEMFC auxiliary systems found in modern automobiles, the air-feed system and the power electronics system.The first part is focused on robust observation and FDI of the PEMFC air-feed systems. Sliding mode observer design and their applications to FDI have been studied in detail for this purpose and the key observation problems in this system have been identified. Based on this study, two solutions are proposed, a sliding mode algebraic observer for oxygen and nitrogen partial pressures and a novel robust adaptive-gain Second Order Sliding Mode (SOSM) observer based FDI for simultaneous state observation, parameter identification, health monitoring and fault reconstruction of the PEMFC air-feed system. The performance of the proposed observers has been validated on an instrumented Hardware-In-Loop (HIL) test bench.The observation and output feedback control problems of different power electronic converters, commonly found in fuel cell vehicles, are addressed in the next part. Robust output feedback SOSM control for three phase AC/DC converters have been presented. A robust SOSM observer for multi-cell converters has also been designed. The performance of all these designs has been demonstrated through a multi-rate simulation approach. The results highlight the robustness of the observers and controllers against parametric uncertainty, measurement noise and external disturbance.

The novel contribution of the thesis is the design and implementation of decentralised output feedback power system controllers for power oscillation damping (POD) over the entire operating regime of the power system. The POD controllers are designed for the linearised models of the nonlinear power system dynamics. The linearised models are combined and treated as parameter varying switched systems. The thesis contains novel results for the controller design, bumpless switching and stability analysis of such switched systems. Use of switched controllers against the present trend of having single controller helps to reduce the conservatism and to increase the uncertainty handling capability of the power system controller design. Minimax-LQG control design method is used for the controller design. Minimax-LQG control combines the advantages of both LQG and H control methods with respect to robustness and the inclusion of uncertainty and noise in the controller design. Also, minimax-LQG control allows the use of multiple integral quadratic constraints to bound the different types of uncertainties in the power system application. During switching between controllers, switching stability of the system is guaranteed by constraining the minimum time between two consecutive switchings. An expression is developed to compute the minimum time required between switchings including the effect of jumps in the states. Bumpless switching scheme is used to minimise the switching transients which occur when the controllers are switched. Another contribution of the thesis is to include the effect of on load tap changing transformers in the power system controller design. A simplified power system model linking generator and tap changing transformer dynamics is developed for this purpose and included in the controller design. The performance of the proposed linear controllers are validated by nonlinear computer simulations and through real time digital simulations. The designed controllers improve power system damping and provide uniform performance over the entire operating regime of the generator.

Dans cette thèse nous adressons le problème de commande des véhicules marins sous-actionnés. La motivation clé de ce sujet de recherche vient du fait qui les systèmes sous-actionnés posent des défis aussi bien théoriques et pratiques pour l'ingénieur automaticien. En fait, ces systèmes ne peuvent pas être stabilisés par des commandes lisses invariantes dans le temps. De plus, en dépit du nombre de méthodes disponibles pour la commande des systèmes mécaniques sous-actionnés, peu ont adressé des points pratiques importantes tels que l'inclusion explicite de dynamique dans la formulation de problème de commande et le besoin de faire face aux perturbations environnementales résultants des courants des vagues, par exemple. Cette thèse attaque certains de ces problèmes, formule et résout les problèmes de commande de positionnement dynamique, de la poursuite de trajectoire et du suivie de chemin des véhicules marins sous-actionnés. La première partie de cette thèse (Chapitres 3 et 4) constituent les éléments théoriques fondamentaux pour l'analyse du modèle et la synthèse des commandes pour les véhicules marins sous-actionnés. Particulièrement, nous montrons au chapitre 3 que le modèle de véhicule marin sous-actionné ne satisfait pas la condition de nécessaire Brockett pour la stabilisation des systèmes nonlinéaires par actions continues et invariantes dans le temps. Cependant, Il sera montré qu'il est possible d'atteindre la stabilisation en utilisant une commande discontinue ou variable dans le temps. Le chapitre 4 consiste à appliquer des résultats récents sur les systèmes cascades nonlinéaires pour résoudre le problème de déterminer des lois de commande qui stabilisent à l'origine la position et l'orientation d vaisseau sous-actionnés. Deux transformations sont introduites pour représenter le système dans une forme de cascade. Par quelques propriétés du modèle, nous montrons en premier que la stabilisation globale et asymptotique du système se réduit a stabiliser une forme en chaîne de troisième ordre. Une approche discontinue par backstepping est ensuite employée pour la stabilisation du système de forme en chaîne via un retour d'état partiel. Nous montrons que la loi de commande proposée stabilise exponentiellement le modèle réduit dans un ensemble défini, assurant le stabilisation asymptotique, local et uniforme du modèle de vaisseau marin sous-actionné. Pour assurer la stabilité uniforme globale cependant, un backstepping et le temps combinés variant l'approche de contrôle est donc employée. Prochain, nous exploitons la structure de cascade pour construire une trajectoire convenable produite par les équations dynamiques d'un véritable sous-actionnés bateau. Nous montrons ensuite que la stabilisation globale peut être assurée par une par une combinaison de la commande par backstepping et une commande variable dans le temps. Ensuite nous abordons le problème de poursuite de trajectoire. Dans lequel la trajectoire de référence est générée par un navire sous-actionné virtuel. Nous montrons ensuite qu'il existe une commande qui force exponentiellement le navire à la poursuite de la trajectoire partant d'une condition initiale quelconque. Utilisant une approche des Systems cascades, nous montrons que la dynamique de l'erreur de poursuite peut être vue comme une cascade d'un système linéaire et d'un système en chaine de deuxième ordre. La deuxième partie de cette thèse (Chapitre 5, 6 et 7) est consacrée au problème de la manoeuvre du vaisseau sous-actionné le long d'un chemin désiré avec une dynamique prescrite. La conception de la loi de commande est abordée par deux approches. La première vient d'une observation qu'il est plausible en pratique de manoeuvrer le véhicule tel qu'il soit sur son chemin de référence est que sa vitesse totale soit tangente au chemin. Il sera aussi supposé que le véhicule voyage le long du chemin avec une vitesse directe constante. La seconde approche ne conditionne pas la vitesse directe pour être constante. Dans le Chapitre 5, nous exploitons l'approche abordée pour le suivi de chemin pour résoudre le problème de coordinations d'un groupe de véhicules marins. Il est objet de manoeuvrer le mouvement de chaque véhicule tel que le mouvement du groupe est prescrit par un comportement désiré. Ainsi, le mouvement indépendant est coordonné comme une formation selon le comportement désirée. Dans ce chapitre nous considérerons le problème de formation ou plusieurs véhicules sont synchronisés de manière qu'ils soient commandés comme une formation de structure virtuelle. Le chapitre 6, est dévouée au problème général de la commande par retour de sortie pour la stabilisation globale des véhicules marins sous-actionnés. Une application de tel observateur est ensuite faite au problème de la poursuite de trajectoire d'un vaisseau sous-actionné.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-11-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:40:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mendes_rat_dr_ilha.pdf: 2326436 bytes, checksum: 60aa15eb5fb66a63b31662bee7904bfa (MD5) / Neste trabalho sao propostas metodologias de modificacao de zeros para solucionar o problema do rastreamento do sinal de referencia em sistemas discretos determinısticos, sistemas discretos incertos e sistemas discretos nao-lineares considerando-se uma entrada de perturbacao na planta. Em um primeiro momento e projetado um controlador discreto para minimizar a norma H∞ entre a entrada ex´ogena e o sinal de saıda com o objetivo de reduzir o efeito da perturbacao sobre a saıda do sistema determinıstico. Posteriormente, minimiza-se a norma H∞ entre o sinal de referencia e o erro de rastreamento atraves da modificacao otima de zeros do sistema discreto, constituindo desta maneira o rastreador de sinal de referencia. Essa nova estrutura de projeto do controlador e estendida para o projeto do controlador robusto H∞, supondo incertezas politopicas na planta e tambem para sistemas nao-lineares. No caso de sistemas com incertezas politopicas na planta, um controlador discreto e projetado para minimizar o custo garantido H∞ entre a entrada exogena e o sinal de saıda com o objetivo de reduzir o efeito da perturbacao sobre a saıda do sistema discreto incerto. Posteriormente e projetado um rastreador para sinais de referˆencia em sistemas com incertezas politopicas, utilizando-se modificacao de zeros. Por fim, estende-se a metodologia de rastreamento do sinal de referencia com rejeicao do disturbio para sistemas nao-lineares. A formulacao do projeto e descrita na forma de inequacoes matriciais lineares, pois estas permitem a descricao de problemas de otimizacao convexa / The tracking problems in uncertain, deterministic and nonlinear discrete time systems, with the presence of a disturbance signal in the plant, are solved in this work proposing a zero variation methodology. A discrete state feedback controller is designed in order to minimize the H∞-norm between the exogen input and the output signal, such that the effect of the disturbance is attenuated in deterministic systems. After, the tracking problem is solved using the variation of the zeros minimizing the H∞-norm from the reference input signal to the error tracking signal. This new structure is extended to design of H∞ robust controller, supposing politopic uncertainties and other one supposing nonlinearities in the plant. In uncertain systems case, a discrete controller is designed in order to minimize the H∞ guaranteed cost between the exogen input and the output signal such that the effect of the disturbance is attenuated in uncertain systems. Then, the tracking problem in uncertain systems is solved using the variation of the zeros minimizing the H∞ guaranteed cost from the reference input signal to the error tracking signal. Finally, the zero variation methodology is extended to nonlinear systems. The design is formulated in the Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI) framework, such that the optimal solution of the stated control problem is obtained when feasible solution exists