No abstract / Mini Dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Music / MMus / Unrestricted

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Field stations across the United States provide learning opportunities to the general public through their outreach programming. With approximately 78% and 98% of the US population living within 60 and 120 miles of a field station, respectively, stations have the potential to be key providers of informal STEM education. We surveyed a sample of US biological field stations and asked them to describe their outreach programming and goals. Our findings indicate that field stations prioritize outreach by dedicating personnel and fiscal resources, but such initiatives are highly variable in magnitude and scope. We propose an informal STEM education framework to guide outreach efforts by aligning place-based activities with outreach goals, strands of science learning, and learner engagement theories. Such intentional program design can help stations focus on meaningful learning outcomes for their outreach participants.

Objective: The East Tennessee State University Quillen College of Medicine Library (ETSUQCOML) wanted to determine if the introduction of phone calls to an existing outreach visit increased the usage of the ETSUQCOML’s services. Methods: Eight hospitals and sixteen clinics were chosen to participate. Two site visits were made a month to each participating institution. A total of two phone calls and two emails a month were given to multiple contacts in the hospital or clinic. The hospitals and clinics were randomized to determine which received the phone call intervention. Interlibrary loan statistics and reference search statistics were then analyzed to determine if there was a statistically significant difference. The data were also analyzed to determine if the intervention was more successful in hospitals or clinics. Results: Librarians learned to what degree email and phone calls could be substituted for personal visits in an outreach service as a means of maintaining it and not experiencing a decline in service requests. Conclusions: In today’s economic times, it is important to maintain services to underserved health care providers but to do it in the most cost effective manner. This study has provided helpful data as to the possibility of substituting less expensive contacts such as emails or phone calls for more expensive ones such as face-to-face visits in order to sustain an outreach service. The authors are looking to extend this project to multiple end-points such as six months, nine months, and one year to determine sustainability.

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Janice Kelly presented the following PowerPoint presentation, followed by other presenters who served as a panel to briefly discuss outreach grants and problems/resolutions that they faced. Janice's presentation is recommended as being helpful for anyone applying for a grant.

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Lack of diversity in the science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) has been a problem for many decades and continues to be a concern. Efforts to recruit and retain underrepresented minorities (URMs) in the workforce include outreach programs that target students at different educational levels. Prior studies examined the effects of these programs, basing the success on the number of students who continued to pursue field-specific higher education. In this study, I investigated the effect of outreach programs by reviewing studies on 15 programs and inclusive high schools that recruit students for STEMM. I also examined program components to determine any commonality among these programs to create a guide for developing more effective programs. Based on the review, outreach programs were able to achieve their goals and sustain students’ interests in the fields. The common elements found among the programs include: stimulating learning environment, hands-on activities, mentorship, and incentives. Based on the common features of the programs, I predicted that the Boston Area Health Education Center (BAHEC) program has the design of curriculum that can lead to success, but offering a type of mentorship can further ensure the effectiveness of the program.

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