The electrical power has been applied in many applications extensively since the industrial revolution and becomes the main energy source in the 21th century. Because of the fast economic growth, the electrical power demands have increased extensively in the past 30 years. In recent years, number of semiconductor factories have been built in Taiwan and bring the electrical power not enough in the summer. Because the climate is hot and humid in Taiwan, energy consumption of air conditioning is half of total consumption of the building, and the energy consumption of chiller plant is more than 30% of total consumption of HVAC system. Based on field measurement data, the air-conditioning system consumes more than 40% of the building total energy use, followed by 30% of lighting, and 30% of miscellaneous pumping systems.. Among them, 60% power was consumed by chiller plants, while the chilled water pumping and air side equipment each accounts for another 20%. It is no doubt, that the energy efficiency improvement of chillers is one of the most important items in building energy conservation. The capacity of HVAC system in many Taiwan¡¦s big buildings has the situation that the designed capacity is much larger than the actual required, and this Oversize Design of HVAC system caused waste of extra equipment and cost. In this content, we offer improvement methods that are predicated on the HVAC system waste situation, and provide the prediction of efficient. As most of HVAC system in existing building have Oversize Design problem, it caused HVAC engines are with low efficiency and loading, and energy wasting is getting worse and worse. Besides, some existing engines may keep running over 10 years; the performance is far behind the new type engine. According to the existingsystem¡¦s running status, we can have the precise HVAC¡¦s loading, and redesign the conformable HVAC¡¦s engine type to make it is under efficient operation; furthermore, in order to be energy-saving, we design the best proper sets based on loading capacity, and change to new type HVAC engine with high performance, also, we improve the design of water system.

Denna studie är en kandidatuppsats i designteknik som utförs på uppdrag av ett svenskt modeföretag för att utveckla nya livgrunder till oversize-plagg. Företaget har problem med överdelar på damavdelningen som lutar bakåt vilket visar sig främst på plagg med mycket rörelsevidd. Studien undersöker olika grunder ur litteratur som jämförs med två grunder från företaget, en med insnitt och en utan. Dessa modifieras sedan för att uppnå kriterierna för en god balans. Arbetet utförs genom mönsterkonstruktion i ett CAD-program, drapering och uppsömnad av toiler. Alla toiler provas av på tre till fem provmodeller i storlek 38 som passar företagets målgrupp samt på provdocka och virtuellt på en avatar i 3D. Skillnaderna konstruktionsmässigt analyseras i ett ritprogram där 2D mönstren placeras ovanpå varandra och jämförs. De största skillnaderna mellan litteraturens- och företagets grunder är axelsömmens lutning, axelsömmens placering och halsdjupet vilka justeras på företagets grunder. Form på axelsömmen visar sig i denna studie ha betydelse för att få till en bra balans samtidigt som halsen ligger slätt mot kroppen, främst på grunden utan insnitt. / This is a bachelor essay in garment technology which is performed on behalf of a Swedish fashion company to develop new top basic patterns for oversize garments.  The company is experiencing a problem among tops at the department for women with garments leaning backwards, specifically on garment with a lot of ease. This study examines different basic patters from literature and compares it with two basic patterns from the company, one with a dart and one without. These basic patters are later modified to fit the criteria of a good balance. The method chosen for this study is patternmaking in a CAD-program, draping and sewing of sample garments. All sample garments are fitted on three to five models in size 38 which fits the target group of the company. It is also tried on a dummy and virtually on a 3D avatar. Differences in the pattern are analyzed in a drawing program where the 2D pieces are placed on top of each other. The biggest difference between the basic pattern from the literature and the company is the slant of the shoulder seam, the placement of it and the depth of the neckline which is modified on the basic patters from the company. Shape on the shoulder seam shows significant meaning in achieving good balance as well as a neckline that lies flat against the body, especially on the basic pattern without a dart.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Civil Engineering / Eugene Russell / It has been well documented that roundabouts can offer several safety and operational benefits over signalized and stop controlled intersection alternatives. However the growing use of roundabouts and their benefits could be greatly diminished because they may not be well designed for large trucks, or to accommodate oversize/overweight (OSOW) vehicles which may be essential to a state’s industry and economy. This dissertation addresses concepts to better design roundabouts for use by owners/operators of typical large trucks, and that will also accommodate OSOW vehicles where appropriate. Roundabout safety generally decreases with increased roundabout size, wider lanes and larger radii, the geometric parameters that benefit large trucks and OSOW, thus a better balance is needed. This study accomplishes this balance by initially reviewing and incorporating those portions of the study “Accommodating Oversize Overweight Vehicles at Roundabouts” that were researched, completed and written by the author of this dissertation, and which compiled current practice, research and concerns by various U.S. states and concerns of the trucking industry, by conducting four different surveys. Then to meet these concerns expressed by survey respondents, a great number of possible accommodation, strategies and design templates were developed by using existing design software. An evaluation method was also developed. Two additional, needed studies, not previously reported in any published literature, addressed : 1. a vertical, ground clearance analysis, and 2. a study of the use of roundabouts in urban freight networks to incorporate their inherent benefits ,such as, reducing congestion, delay and pollution. The first analysis described above was conducted by using software with 3D analysis capabilities to check and recommend critical vertical grades and maximum dimensions for a range of large truck types and OSOW vehicle configurations. Guidelines were developed to avoid problems of low, ground clearance vehicles scraping roundabout surfaces (“hanging up”). The second study used existing software that relates intersection types to intersection traffic flow efficiency and related pollution, on a number of routing scenarios to test the hypothesis that integration of roundabouts in these freight networks improves traffic flow, and decreases delay, congestion and pollution. The results were mixed but the procedure is sound and should be beneficial for future use by researchers and decision makers.

The diploma thesis is focused on the evaluation of legislation for special transport between the Czech Republic and some member states of the European Union. The term special transport comprises the transport of very heavy and oversize loads which exceed limits allowed by the legislation of member states and the European Union itself. The diploma thesis is preferentially concentrated on regulations providing limit dimensions, transport conditions and elements that ensure safe transport of loads to the target destinations – Germany, Austria, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom. The final document is going to become the overview of information for freighters who can apply it in the process of preparation and the following ensuring of oversize loads to the countries, see above. The results of the diploma thesis can be applied by the institutions in the branch of international freight, the police or the institutions of the public administration.

This thesis is focused on analysis of the legislative regulations for special road transportation between Czech Republic and the Balkan Peninsula. In this work, special transportation stands for heavy and bulky costs that exceed the maximum limits. To carry out such transportations, following the legal standarts of each state where the intended destination is (Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia, Kosovo and Macedonia), is needed. The work is divided into chapters that deal with these issues and provide an overview of the legal standards which must be fulfilled in these particular states. The result of this thesis is to provide the necessary information to Czech transporter to perform these special transportations.

he project evaluates legislative regulations for special road transport between the Czech Republic and Northern Europe. The main purpose of the project is to formulate a basic methodology for non-standard shipment’s transit. Work observes destination of the Czech Republic - Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. There exist differences in legislative conditions for the particularly heavy and oversized loads transport in these countries. The main objective is to evaluate these conditions and recommend utilization for Czech carriers. The thesis aims to enumerate the various national legal standards for excessive transportation and recommend implementation outputs for correct and a quick orientation in the rights and obligations during executing carriage for the Czech carriers. The basic metodology how to transport oversized loads results from this project.

Previous thread rolling methods for the plastic limit are shown to be inadequate and inaccurate. Alternative methods for the plastic limit are shown to be imprecise and unreliable. The strength-based concept and use of the fall-cone test to determine the plastic limit are shown to be flawed. An apparatus that replicates Atterberg’s rolling technique, devised and developed by the author, is described, referred to as the Barnes Apparatus. A thread of soil is rolled between two plates configured to permit extrusion and reduction of diameter with much less operator interference than with the standard test and judgement of the crumbling condition is eliminated. Using a loading device nominal stresses are derived and from dial gauge readings diametral strains are determined for each rolling traverse of the soil thread. Toughness has previously only been studied in an empirical or qualitative manner. From plots of nominal stress vs. strain the workability or toughness of the plastic soil is determined as the work/unit volume. The apparatus and test are appropriate to a wide range of soils. Threads are tested over a range of water contents from near the sticky limit to the brittle state. Good correlations between toughness and water content display an abrupt ductile-brittle transition and give an accurate definition of the plastic limit. From the correlations useful properties are obtained such as the maximum toughness at the plastic limit, the toughness limit, the water content at zero toughness, the stiffness transition, the toughness coefficients, the toughness index and the workability index. An investigation into the significance of the soil thread diameter of 3 mm in the standard plastic limit test has found that as the water content of a soil reduces it undergoes a transition from fully plastic, to cracked, to brittle, largely regardless of the diameter of the thread. It is recommended that the 3 mm diameter requirement is withdrawn from the standard test procedure as unnecessary and emphasis placed on observing the behaviour of the soil thread as it is rolled by hand. A review of the relationship between the clay matrix and the granular particles in a soil has found that the linear law of mixtures and activity index are appropriate only at high clay contents. The terms granular spacing ratio and matrix porosity are introduced to explain the effect of the granular particles on the toughness and plastic limit. An analysis confirms that with small diameter soil threads large granular particles affect the results disproportionately. An aggregation ratio term is introduced to explain the change in toughness in the clay matrix as its water content reduces towards the plastic limit. To assess the effect of granular particles in a clay matrix on the toughness and plastic limit the results of tests conducted on mixtures of a high plasticity clay and silt, and sand particles of two different sizes are discussed. Smaller particle sizes are found to have a greater effect on reducing the toughness and the plastic limit of the clay. In the ceramics industry mixing different clays together to obtain suitable properties is common. The toughness and plastic limits of two pairs of mixed clays do not follow the linear law of mixtures but are dependent on the total clay content and the content of a dominant clay mineral.

The diploma work has been dealing with the building and technological design of a production hall in Holešov. The work includes the general and specification report, the study of main technological phases, the site plan, the technological specification solving the transportation relations and coordination of oversize transportation, time and financial schedule of the construction, material supply plan including staff review, the time schedule for pre-cast frame assembly, machinery plan including the time employment, the site plan including the drawings, technological specification of pre-cast frame assembly and of steel-fibre-reinforced floor, inspection and test plan of pre-cast concrete frame assembly, assessment of lifting mechanism, the procedure scheme of pre-cast concrete frame assembly and the cost estimate of pre-cast concrete frame.