Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wyoming, 2008. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on August 9, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-59).

Thesis (M. Orth.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2004. / Supervisor: M. Beth Gillham. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2004. / Supervisor: M. Beth Gillham. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Objective: To evaluate if fruits and vegetables consumption is associated with overweight and obesity in Peruvian adults and as to describe the sociodemographic profi le of the people with overweight and obesity. Subjects and methods: Populationbased study that used data from the National Demographic and Health Survey (DHSENDES) performed in the 25 regions of Perú. The outcomes were overweight and obesity assessed using the Body Mass Index, whereas the exposure variable was the fruit and vegetable consumption evaluated by self-report during the last seven days. Poisson regression models adjusted by potential confounders were used to evaluate associated factors with overweight and obesity, as well as the association of interest, reporting prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confi dence intervals (95%CI). Results: Data from 4,641 participants, mean age 37.1 years (SD: 11.8) and 53.6% women, were analyzed. Only 220 (4.8%; 95%CI 4.1%-5.4%) individuals reported a fruit and vegetable consumption of ≥5 portions per day, whereas 1,818 (39.2%; 95% CI 37.8%-40.6%) had overweight and 865 (18.6%; IC95% 17.5%-19.8%) presented obesity. Factors associated with overweight and obesity included gender, age, education level, socioeconomic level, marital status, and hypertension diagnosis. No association was found between a greater fruit and vegetable consumption and overweight (p=0.98) or obesity (p=0.99). Conclusions: No evidence of association between overweight and obesity with fruit and vegetable consumption was found. Only 1 out of 20 individuals reported consuming the recommended amount of fruit and vegetables per day, whereas 60% had overweight and obesity. / Revisión por pares

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-06-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:09:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 romero_cem_me_rcla.pdf: 221253 bytes, checksum: 2f36243eec2625a6a4039c66236bf2e2 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Participaram da pesquisa 14 mulheres apresentando sobrepeso com idade média de 40l2 anos e IMC de 30l1 Kg/m2, que foram submetidas à um programa de exercícios aeróbios moderados durante 24 semanas, 3 vezes por semana, com sessões de 1 hora aliados à restrição calórica de 15% da necessidade energética total. Análises bioquímicas dos níveis séricos de colesterol total, HDL colesterol, LDL colesterol, triglicerídeos, leptina e glicemia foram realizados antes e após o protocolo experimental, por meio de amostras de sangue e kits específicos. As participantes foram submetidas a um teste de capacidade aeróbia (ergométrico submáximo em bicicleta) a fim de avaliar possíveis déficits na capacidade aeróbia ocasionados pelo excesso de peso. Analisou-se também o peso corporal e a relação cintura/quadril como parâmetro de alteração na massa corporal. Os resultados encontrados no estudo mostram que as voluntárias apresentaram perfil lipídico, glicose sangüínea e níveis pressóricos basais dentro da faixa de normalidade. Os níveis de colesterol total, triglicerídeos, glicose sangüínea, LDL colesterol e freqüência cardíaca apresentaram redução significativa, enquanto que os níveis de HDL colesterol foram significativamente aumentados. Os valores de pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, o consumo máximo de oxigênio e os níveis séricos de leptina não apresentaram qualquer alteração. Nossos achados mostram que o programa de treinamento aeróbio de intensidade moderada aliado à restrição calórica melhorou o perfil lipídico das voluntárias e essa melhora não foi acompanhada por qualquer mudança nos dados antropométricos e nos níveis plasmáticos de leptina. / Fourteen overweight women, mean age 40 2 and BMI 30l1 were submitted to restrictive diet and dynamic exercise for 24 weeks, 3 days a week, 60 minutes for each session in an intensity of 60% VO2max . Blood samples were collect at baseline and after 24 weeks of dynamic exercise. Biochemical analyses of serum leptin levels, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglyceride were measured by specific kits. The participants were submitted to aerobic capacity test to evaluating the possible obesity deficits in aerobic capacity. The body mass index and the waist-rip ratio were measured to evaluate anthropometric parameters. Our findings show that the volunteers had lipid profile, blood glucose and blood pressure were at normal range. Total cholesterol levels, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose and heart rate were significant decreased after 24 weeks of physical exercise and restrictive diet. A significant increased in HDL cholesterol levels were found. The exercise training employed by us did not alter the anthropometric parameters, serum leptin levels, maximum oxygen uptake and blood pressure values. In conclusion, dynamic exercise for 24 weeks provokes an improvement of lipid profile without changing in anthropometric parameters and serum leptin level.

Objective: To determine the association between consumption of snacks and sweetened beverages and risk of overweight among children. Design: Secondary analysis of the Young Lives cohort study in Peru. Setting: Twenty sentinel sites from a total of 1818 districts available in Peru. Subjects: Children in the younger cohort of the Young Lives study in Peru, specifically those included in the third (2009) and the fourth (2013) rounds. Results: A total of 1813 children were evaluated at baseline; 49·2 % girls and mean age 8·0 (sd 0·3) years. At baseline, 3·3 (95 % CI 2·5, 4·2) % reported daily sweetened beverage consumption, while this proportion was 3·9 (95 % CI 3·1, 4·9) % for snacks. Baseline prevalence of overweight was 22·0 (95 % CI 20·1, 23·9) %. Only 1414 children were followed for 4·0 (sd 0·1) years, with an overweight incidence of 3·6 (95 % CI 3·1, 4·1) per 100 person-years. In multivariable analysis, children who consumed sweetened beverages and snacks daily had an average weight increase of 2·29 (95 % CI 0·62, 3·96) and 2·04 (95 % CI 0·48, 3·60) kg more, respectively, than those who never consumed these products, in approximately 4 years of follow-up. Moreover, there was evidence of an association between daily consumption of sweetened beverages and risk of overweight (relative risk=2·12; 95 % CI 1·05, 4·28). Conclusions: Daily consumption of sweetened beverages and snacks was associated with increased weight gain v. never consuming these products; and in the case of sweetened beverages, with higher risk of developing overweight.

Garment “fitting” from tailor-made to ready-to-wear clothing, has evolved over time. Ready to-wear and standardized sizes appeared in the middle 19th century. Today garment fitting is one of the most important criteria in the consumer buying decision making process. This is particularly so with “body hugging” garments, such as intimate apparel; or the bra that moulds the form of the wearer to produce “smooth” outer garment silhouettes. The South African bra retailer and manufacturers sizing charts are generally based upon body dimension data collected using traditional anthropometric methods. Professional measurers are not able to capture the hidden areas of the breast such as the inframmatory fold line, the volume, shape and contour of the breast using tape measures, calipers and other measuring devices. Traditional anthropometry also does not have the ability to systemically observe the bottom line of the breast base and extract accurate data on breast volume which are key factors in designing underwire bras and in the pattern making of the bra cup panels. Exploratory retail and consumer studies have indicated that consumers, notably plus size women, experience considerable problems and dissatisfaction with poorly fitting bras. There is therefore clearly a need in South Africa to conduct a 3D anthropometric study, focusing especially on the plus-sized women’s bra market segment, as there is very little or limited studies, to date, conduct for this market segment of the population. This pilot study collected 3D torso body measurement data from a convenient sample of 176 plus sized women, recruited from Playtex (Pty) Ltd. situated in Durban, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. The study evaluates the 3D breast volume measurement data extraction process, using an expert system developed by [TC]2 integrated into the propriety NX12-3D full body scanner software and that taken using the traditional dress-makers tape-measure. The objective is to establish the relationship between the 3D torso and breast volume data measurement output as extracted by the expert system when compared to the South African bra manufacturers sizing chart, for use in pattern making for bra cup panel designs and in the designing of underwire bras for large breasted or plus size women. The results contained in this dissertation cannot be extrapolated to the larger population of South Africa and is limited to the 176 plus size women selected by Body Mass Index; recruited from KwaZulu Natal, South Africa.

Physically active men and woman may be less likely than their inactive peers to become overweight. Exercise has a favourable effect on body fat distribution, with a reduction in waist-to-hip ratio with increased exercise. Exercise is especially important in maintaining weight loss in overweight individuals. Physical activity can directly affect both total energy intake and total energy expenditure. Physical activity can also affect fat balance and it is becoming clear that imbalances in total energy are largely due to imbalances in the distribution of fat. Exercise also has additional, beneficial effects on most of the metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Exercise testing provides a basis for the design of training programs and allows for monitoring progress throughout the training program. Used properly, testing and monitoring is useful to both trainers and subjects. Therefore, exercise in conjunction with an appropriate diet is beneficial to overweight individuals and provided that feasible methods and motivation are available, we recommend exercise as an important part of a weight control program. The aim of this study was to determine whether HMB supplementation will increase the Lean Body Mass (LBM) and muscle power output (measured as the load a subject can bench press) of males who gym for recreational purposes, after a combination of resistance weight training, eating a balanced set diet and supplementation with HMB for 8 weeks. Two homogenous groups of 20 males were evaluated for initial strength capabilities and body composition. For 8 weeks the subjects lifted weights three times a week and followed a balanced diet. Creatinekinase activity decreased with HMB supplementation. Gains in muscle power output were greater in the experimental group, and fat percentage decreases were recorded with HMB supplementation. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Physiology / unrestricted

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Over the past decades there has been a global increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity. The increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity leads to surging of associated co-morbidities of overweight and obesity in low/medium income countries which eventually overburdens the vulnerable health systems threatens by malnutrition and communicable diseases in low/medium income countries. The designed interventions to curb overweight/obesity in high income countries might be inappropriate to apply in low income countries, such as Nigeria, due to the different cultural norms and values regarding types of food, and physical activity. The overall aim of this study is to design an intervention that will be culturally appropriate for overweight and obesity management among Nigerians. The convergent parallel mixed method design specifically was used in this study. This involves simultaneous timing of carrying out both quantitative and qualitative strands of mixed methods during the same phase of the research process, prioritizes the methods equally, and keeps the strands autonomous during analysis and then mixes the results during overall implementation/execution. The population for the quantitative part was Nigerians residing within sixteen enumeration areas of Alimosho Local Government area of Lagos State, Nigeria. Overweight and obese Nigerians as well as traditional healers and healthcare professionals were purposely selected for the qualitative phase. Delphi study was the last phase of study which involved recruitment of healthcare professionals in the management of overweight and obesity. A sample size of 2250 was projected and approached for this while 1571 consented and participated in the study. This gave a response rate of 69.82%. About 51.2% of the sample population was male and 48.8% female. The mean age of the total sample was 35.36(SD =11.66). Using BMI, the prevalence of overweight/obesity was 42.3% using BF%, the prevalence of body fatness was 39.2% of which 62.5% were females. Data analysis shows strong positive correlation between other measures of body fatness (.694 to .872) except WHR with low but positive relationships between BF% (184), BMI (.280), WC (.495), and negative relationships with HC (-.077) and BAI (-.076). Gender, marital status and age are predictors of overweight and obesity among Nigerians. Type of diet, meal timing, reduced physical activity and genetic factor were perceived as the causes of overweight and obesity. Diet therapy, an increase in physical activity and the use of herbs were various ways perceived to assist in reducing excess body weight. Among the challenges faced by overweight and obese Nigerians were lack of time for exercise because of the nature of their jobs, lack of recreational facilities, lack of motivations and support from family members to reduce weight, lack of money and poor/lack of knowledge to reduce weight. Experts unanimously agreed that the content of a culturally appropriate intervention should be individualised and to include physical activity/exercise, diet therapy, education and self-monitoring. There was a unanimous decision that the intervention should be done for a duration of 12 weeks at health facility and should be held for between 1-2 times per week if holding at community (excluding community/ public health facility) for 12 weeks in total. In addition, experts agreed that the use of media such as television, radio, weekly newspapers and magazines should be used for preventive campaigns.