At present media often deal with the topic of children growing up in institutions. The society's effort is that children grow up in functional families. Also, based on the UNICEF?s criticism a reform has been created. The Czech Republic has been making an effort for a long time already to decrease the number of children not growing up in natural family environment. A few measures had been proposed and some of them implemented but they have been ineffective in achieving their desired outcomes. The transformation of the alternative upbringing system should be made on a complex basis. However, concerns and disagreements arise over the proposed solution. Advantages and disadvantages are published in various coverages, discussions, as well as in professional literature. The thesis title: The attitude of social and welfare workers towards closing baby and children's homes. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part deals with the topics of today's family, institutional upbringing, alternative family-based care, and particular steps in the effort to reduce the number of children growing up in institutions. The practical part aims at mapping the attitudes of social workers at baby and children's homes concerning the closing these institutions. A partial objective was to investigate whether the age and practical experience influence the attitudes of social workers of baby and children's homes. Another partial objective was to compare attitudes of social workers of baby and children's homes among different regions of the Czech Republic. I set out two hypotheses. Hypothesis 1: "Social workers have negative attitudes towards closing baby and children's homes." Hypothesis 2: "Social workers' opinions of closing baby and children?s homes do not show any differences among regions of the Czech Republic." Empiric data were collected using a quantitative research, interviewing, and questionnaire technique. The research sample was composed of social workers of selected childcare institutions. The number of questionnaires sent to healthcare institutions (baby homes, baby homes at children's homes, children's homes for 1 - 3 aged and child centres) was 34. Other respondents from children's homes were addressed; in total 148 in the Czech Republic. Thus the research sample was composed of 182 respondents. Every institution was contacted twice as to increase the returnability. The population was represented by the same size as the selected sample, that means it is an exhaustive subpopulation. In total 80 questionnaires returned, i.e. the selected sample returnability (filled questionnaires) reached 44%. Obtained results were statistically processed using scaled classification of data in contexts with obtained nominal, ordinal, and cardinal variables. To analyse categorical data, the chi-square test of independence was used. The hypothesis 1 was statistically confirmed. The hypothesis 2 was not possible to adequately evaluate statistically due to the high number of categories (CR regions) into which the data were divided. Results were placed into nominal statistic tables. The descriptive statistics show that the negative attitudes of social workers prevail. Results of the thesis can be used to analyse opinions of social workers concerning the transformation of the system of care of at risk children. There are many studies relating to the underway transformation of the system of care for at risk children that should be elaborated before the reform is launched. In working out the thesis, I identified many topics that might originate writing further theses. They are e.g. opinions of social workers from the competent authority for social and legal protection of children, attitudes of children in institutional care, creation of an optimal model for at risk children, etc.

In the Czech Republic the Romani minority is a numerous as well as often discussed minority in these days. As one of the largest minorities in the Czech Republic is involved, not only nurses in health care facilities but also nurses working for home-care agencies meet members of the Romani minority at work. For a Romani family it is almost a duty to take care for their ill and dying relatives at home in a family circle. This care still bears elements of Romani tradition, which however often contravene with treatment regime. Despite this fact nurses from home-care agencies have good experience with taking care for Romani patients, and sometimes certain Romanies accept the use of home-care agency services. These theses on Specific Features of Nursing Care for Romani Minority in the Framework of Home-care Agencies deals in its theoretical part with a history, communication, religion, traditions and manner of living of Romani minority, further it focuses on history and scope of activities of home-care agencies, on ethics of dying and death in health-care facilities and on basic information in the field of palliative care. The second part of the theses is focused on quantitative and qualitative research. The quantitative research has been carried out in a form of a questionnaire addressed to nurses working in home-care agencies. Seventy one nurses from selected home-care agencies from the whole Czech Republic took part in this research. Qualitative research was carried out through structured interviews with 15 members of Romani minorities. Tasks of the work: to ascertain extent of use of services of home-care agencies by Romani minority, and to determine specific features of nursing care for dying member of the Romani ethnicity were fulfilled. Three hypotheses were determined to such tasks ? H1: Nurses from home-care agencies have already provided services to members of Romani ethnicity. H2: The Romani minority uses services of home-care agencies. H3: Nurses from home-care agencies are aware of specific features of nursing care for Romani minority. Hypotheses H1 and H2 were accepted. H3 was not accepted, as from the statistical evaluation of quantitative research it follows that nurses are not aware of specific features of nursing care. The following research questions were determined for the qualitative research: Are the members of Romani ethnicity aware of a possibility to receive help from home-care agencies in care for a dying family member? Are the members of Romani minority interested in help offered by nurses from home-care agencies in nursing of a dying family member? Results of the research of these theses were used for creation of a manual of specific features of nursing care for a dying Romani patient. The manual was sent to selected home-care agencies. Information contained in the manual may serve to nurses in an out-patient and patient departments of health-care facilities as well, as knowledge in the field of care for a member of the Romani minority dying at home may help such nurses to understand acting, communication, manner of living as well as life values of such patients at hospitalization. The whole theses may also serve in practice as an indicator of insufficient foreknowledge of the Romani minority on services of home-care agencies and necessity to spread information on such services to the Romani ethnicity.

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a disease with increasing incidence, which requires an adequate and costly management. Repeated hospitalisations due to decompensated CHF contribute to disease progression and herald dismal prognosis. An important goal of heart failure clinics is reduction in number of hospitalizations due to decompensated CHF. The main approaches to reach this aim seem to be effective diagnostics and treatment of CHF, and importantly, education of patients and their families. We aimed to evaluate knowledge of CHF patients regarding self-care in secondary prevention of CHF. We constructed three hypotheses and three research questions to reach the goal of the project. The theoretical part described recommended life-style interventions, pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic CHF management, and specifically, the role of nurses in education of patients with CHF. The practical part described the methods of analysis, the study group and the process of evaluation. To fulfil the study goal, we performed collection of data using qualitative and quantitative methods of research. The qualitative part of the research project included a non-standardized questionnaire for patients with CHF. A total of 260 questionnaires were distributed in six heart failure clinics. 183 completed questionnaires were returned and analysed. The obtained data were evaluated using descriptive statistical methods. Pearson´s chi-test and Student´s t-test were applied to test the hypotheses. Collection of qualitative data was performed using the technique of a semi-structured interview based on pre-prepared questions. The study respondents included general nurses from out-patient heart failure clinics. Six of nine contacted nurse respondents agreed to participate. Answers were recorded on Dictaphone. Data were analysed using the method of "card display". The quantitative part tested the following hypotheses: 1. CHF patients know symptoms and signs of decompensated CHF. 2. CHF patients follow the life-style recommendations. 3. CHF patients perform daily self-monitoring of their weight, blood pressure and pulse. Our study revealed insufficient knowledge of patients regarding symptoms of possible CHF decompensation. This finding was alarming because suboptimal knowledge of symptoms of decompensated CHF may cause inadequate response of the patient and may delay initiation of treatment. Assessment of compliance with life-style measures revealed that most patients did not use tobacco products and had a limited alcohol consumption. Most individuals reported a regular use of heart failure medication and knew the timing of the next follow-up in their heart failure clinic. Life-style measures included also some dietary restrictions modified by the current nutritional status. Respondents preferred recommended food over inappropriate foodstuffs, however, they did not follow neither the salt restriction nor the optimal frequency of meals. Most respondents did not report a regular exercise A significant ignorance was found in the process of self-monitoring. Most respondents did not monitor their body weight, blood pressure and pulse. The qualitative assessment evaluated the following questions: 1. Do we educate the CHF patients appropriately? 2. Are we able as nurses to pass correct information to CHF patients? 3. How is the process of education implemented in practice? Based on the above mentioned methods, we found that the process of education is a domain of doctors. Nurses have only a limited role in education of CHF patients...

The dissertation themed "Costs of providing nursing and rehabilitation care in institutions of social services." maps out current issues in provision of health care in the residential facilities of social services. The dissertation focused on analysis of expenses for provision of nursing and rehabilitation care in residential facilities of social services. The theory part is divided into five chapters. In the first chapter, I deal with the social services in the European Union and in the Czech Republic. Further, I describe the system of long-term care. The second chapter focuses on residential facilities of the social services, their division by types and specification of their basic activities. In the third chapter, I describe funding of the residential facilities of the social services, where I focus on description of each funding source. The fourth chapter is focused on health care in the residential facilities of the social services. I describe author's expertise of general nurse in the social services, the list of tasks of health care for the expertise, conditions for indication of health care, the ways for payments of health care by health insurance companies, and audits of the reported health care conducted by the health insurance companies. The last chapter deals with the issues related to per os administration of drugs in the residential facilities of the social services. The practical part of the dissertation consists of my own quantitative research. Described is methodology for data collection; in addition, the research set is characterized, and the research implementation description is given. Results of obtained data were processed in two chapters where structure of users of facilities as well as health care provided to the user was described in a statistical way using tables and graphs. Thereafter, discussion on results obtained was made. The research survey was performed in Senior House in Roudnice nad Labem (hereinafter referred to as "the facility") in November 2013, where data was collected for period from 18 to 24 November 2013. The facility provides social service of senior house and social service of a house with a special regime to its users. At the moment of the research, there were 129 users, of which 95 received health care from health care employees of the facility. Two hypotheses were defined for the dissertation. The hypothesis No. 1 is: The number of health care professionals in the residential facilities of the social services corresponds to time demands for health care indicated by a general practitioner. The hypothesis No. 2: Administration of medical therapy per os as indicated by a general practitioner is the most frequent health care service provided to the users of the residential facilities of the social services. The research confirmed both hypotheses. I can see importance of results of the dissertation particularly in that they outlined how the medical care in the residential facilities of the social services is currently provided. The processed results of the provided health care could then serve as one of the grounds in making a draft for transition of funding of the health care in the residential facilities of the social services from performance-based to flat-based model. The dissertation could also be used as the grounds for training of health care professionals of the residential facilities of the social services in the field of indication, provision, and reporting of health care provided to users of the residential facilities of the social services.

The present study is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part deals with anatomy of thehip andknee joint, in the next part there is definition of endoprosthesis as well as historical development of endoprosthesis. Subsequently, different types of endoprosthesis, surgery equipment and possible complications after surgery are described. It is followed by nursing care and rehabilitation including spa treatment. The theoretic part is concluded with revision of the joint. The practical part of the master thesis has been elaborated from the qualitative survey. The survey was conducted with the respondents who underwent endoprosthesisof the knee or hip joint and with the nurses working at regular orthopaedic department or orthopaedic intensive care unit (ICU). The interviews were afterwards transcribed and elaborated by means of the technique of open coding with the method "pencil and paper". 16 categories and 48 subcategories emerged from the data processed in this manner.

1 Abstract This thesis with the subject "The forms of custody for underage children in the times after split-up or divorce of their parents" is dealing with possible types of arrangements of custody for a child after the break up of his parents. This topic is currently very live in the Czech Republic, as well as in other advanced countries, because the amount of divorces is rising. According to the valid legislation it is possible to entrust the child, after the divorce of his parents, to either the custody of one of the parents, shared custody of both parents, joint custody or, if deemed necessary in regards to the needs of the child, to the custody of another person. The aim of this thesis is to create an overview which will acquaint the readers with all options of arrangements of the custody for children after the divorce of their parents which are established in the section § 907 of Act no. 89/2012 Coll., Civil Code. The increased attention is paid to the shared custody because of several recent breakthrough jurisprudences of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic concerning this legal institute. This thesis is split into 5 chapters, excluding introduction and conclusion. In the first chapter I concern with historical development of the legislation of decision making regarding the entrusting of...

The subject of the presented thesis focuses on foster care exercised by children´s relatives. The target is to ascertain possible different roles in kinship foster care and different attitudes to the aforementioned, record the experience of kinship care givers, their viewing and experiencing of childcare. I wanted to know if fostering had brought any positives into their lives and on the other hand if there are any negatives related to such care. The theoretic part of my thesis describes the history of foster care in different periods, explains the terms like family, social role and attachment. Furthermore, particular forms of foster care are explained and foster care exercised by children´s relatives is described in more details. Attention is also paid to the relationship and contact between a child and his/her parents. The Authority for social and legal protection of children (OSPOD in Czech) has an essential role in foster care together with assisting organizations, which are described in the last chapter of the theoretic part. I used qualitative methodology for research purposes and semi-structured interviews for collection of data. The research file contained eight respondents which were selected based on simple purpuseful sampling. The research file consisted of foster parents caring for children of their relatives. I determined reasons why the children had been placed into foster care, how the foster parents experience such care and how they view it themselves. The results of the interview analysis helped me to uncover and understand the basis of kinship foster care. According to similar signs, they were divided into several areas. The first area focused on the reasons why the child had been placed into kinship foster care. The main reasons included various types of addictions, child neglect, failure to provide suitable housing or lack of interest in the child. The second area related to the feelings of foster mothers when accepting the child. Their decision-making process is described here, including their motivation and fears related to fostering. In most cases, foster mothers had enough time for making their decisions on fostering. Half of the foster mothers found it natural; the other half had ambivalent feelings for it. The third area is dedicated to changes in wider personal relationships and relationships in the family, in particular, to the impact of foster care on relations between partners and the potential influence on the relationship of foster parents with their own children. Relations with biologic children of the foster parents had an important role as well. The fourth area includes basic characteristics of childcare. Most foster mothers noticed significant changes in their lives. Foster care had a negative impact on the quality of their lives but it principally became a source of vitality and optimism for them. Foster mothers faced problem situations related to intergenerational differences, behaviour of children and problems at school. They also worried often about the future of their foster children. Some foster mothers accepted the role of a mother that predominated over their other life roles. Others had no problems in separating their roles and shifting from one role to another. Most conflicts in the role appeared when the child was fostered by his/her grandmother. The last area contains conditions that have helped foster mothers to reduce the burden of foster care. Foster mothers appreciated help of their families, which they preferred, and sufficient financial security. They gladly accepted the help of assisting organizations and the services offered by them. Mandatory education and the possibility to share their experience with other foster parents were of great importance too.

Neonatology is a branch of medicine which consists of the medical care not only of healthy newborn infants, but also of the ill or premature ones. The number of the premature born infants increases constantly worldwide. It might be caused by women postponing their pregnancies, and very likely also by the growing number of pregnancies achieved by the assisted reproductive technologies. Thanks to improvements in perinatal care of risk pregnancies, guiding preterm labour, and development of neonatal intensive care, it has become possible to save more infants born at the very margin of viability with an extremely low birth weight. The diagnostic, therapeutic and nursing techniques have been developing steadily. It's the methods providing maximum comfort for the child and ensuring the quality of their later life that have been put into forefront. They are a set of measures, which do not disturb the child's reflex behaviour; they support its physiological stability, and thus foster growth and development of the immature organism. The aim of this diploma work is to map the specific needs of the newborn infants with an extremely low birth weight, to find out how these needs are satisfied during the first days after birth, and to determine, how the nursing care supporting the development of the infants takes place in the real life. The theoretical part of the diploma work is based on the scientific papers and resources. The empirical part is based on an observation method, which was carried out at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the University Hospital in Pilsen. The survey proved that the infants' needs are not only on the biological level, but also on the emotional level, and they need appropriate sensomotoric stimulation. The outcomes of the observation show that the greatest problem of the newborn infants with an extremely low birth weight is to satisfy the biological needs i.e. breathing, feeding and defecation. The need of safety and stimulation was satisfied only partly. Based on the information collected by observing the nursing staff, it was possible to lay out areas with a potential to improve the individualized care of the newborns with an extremely low birth weight. These are, above all, the increased level of noise at the unit and thus the sense of sleep and wakefulness of the infants. Furthermore, it's the stimulation of the children and the communication with the parents. The outcomes of the empirical part of this diploma work will be presented at the seminar of the perinatal centre.

The subject of the work is to sketch the importace right understanding needs of individuals suffering from alzheimer disease together with accptable care of these patients. The introductory part is focusing in single characteristics of alzheimer aphrenia together with appearances, kinds, diagnostic and possibilities the treatment. Pozornost je soustředěna na- The work focuses on possibilities the right comunication with these patient and continuing acceptable family or institutional nurse care on it. In the final parts I was deal with the offer of activities and different kinds of therapy which have the positive effect on general personality of individual with alzheimer aphrenia.

The topic of my diploma thesis is Health insurance and reimbursement for nursing services and rehabilitation care provided in social services facilities. I chose this topic not only because social services and related fields are currently very topical but also because I wanted to find out what changed whit regard to social services facilities with the arrival of the possibility of funding nursing and rehabilitation care. I wanted to explore opinions of people who work in this field and encounter such issues on a daily basis. Since the possibility of reimbursement for nursing and rehabilitation care has been in the Czech Republic for a relatively short period of time, I assumed that the collection of data would bring new insight into the matter. The theoretical part of my thesis deals with social services and subjects that establish and provide social services. Furthermore, I also discuss the main aims of social services. Next chapter deals with the funding of social services and the factors that help improve the quality of social services. This is followed by the description of nursing and rehabilitation care in residential care facilities. This part focuses closely on the new legal regulation and the types of residential care facilities and also analyses the term competence for the performance of health profession. The practical part of the thesis contains the results of my research work. It describes the methodology (in order to achieve the goal established and to confirm, or reject the hypotheses, I did a questionnaire-based survey and performed the secondary analysis of data). The group studied included all facilities that met the following condition: they had to be residential social services facilities located in the South Bohemian Region. The aim of my work was to find out whether the change in the legal regulation helped improve the funding of nursing and rehabilitation care in residential care facilities. It follows from my research that the possibility of reimbursing for rehabilitation and nursing care from public health insurance means more resources for a social services facility. Furthermore, the obligation to charge a particular health insurer a fee for health care implies more administrative work for the facility. I conclusion, the hypotheses suggested were confirmed and the goal of the work was achieved. My diploma thesis can serve as a full-range source of information for the facilities providing social services. It can also become a useful study material for other students.