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Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio (fiscina@bahia.fiocruz.br) on 2016-02-15T14:17:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jaqueline Goes de Jesus. Estudo...2014.pdf: 4655999 bytes, checksum: 99ee2ef801cc69dd80d0a344e8f01be2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio (fiscina@bahia.fiocruz.br) on 2016-02-15T14:18:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Jaqueline Goes de Jesus. Estudo...2014.pdf: 4655999 bytes, checksum: 99ee2ef801cc69dd80d0a344e8f01be2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-15T14:18:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jaqueline Goes de Jesus. Estudo...2014.pdf: 4655999 bytes, checksum: 99ee2ef801cc69dd80d0a344e8f01be2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / As ORFs I e IV do genoma do HTLV-1 codificam, respectivamente, as proteínas p12/p8 (acessória) e Tax (regulatória). p12/p8, de 99 aminoácidos, pode ser clivada em sua extremidade amino terminal gerando a proteína p8. A primeira clivagem proteolítica de p12 remove o sinal de retenção ao RE, enquanto a segunda clivagem, gera o produto de 8kDa, referido como p8. p12 localiza-se no sistema de endomembranes, residindo em RE e aparato de Golgi, enquanto p8 dirige-se para a membrana plasmática, onde é recrutada para a sinapse imunológica, através da ligação com o receptor de células T (TCR), além de participar da sinapse virológica e da formação de conduítes. A proteína Tax, por outro lado, atua como transativador transcricional do HTLV-1, sendo referida também na indução da expressão de diversos genes celulares, aumentando a proliferação e a migração das células infectadas. Na via de transporte de vesículas secretórias, vesículas produzidas como pós-Golgi são transportadas ao longo do citoesqueleto por motores celulares. A Miosina-Va, um motor não convencional, transporta diversos cargos, incluindo vesículas secretórias, vesículas sinápticas e de retículo endoplasmático. Outra proteína relacionada ao citoesqueleto é a Paxilina, que atua como molécula adaptadora nas adesões focais e cuja expressão está aumentada em indivíduos TSP-HAM. Na tentativa de compreender se Tax influencia no aumento da expressão de Paxilina e, paralelamente, se p8 trafega a partir de Golgi em direção à membrana, de maneira dependente de Miosina-Va, células de linhagem foram transfectadas, com o plasmídeo que expressa Tax ou com plasmídeos que expressam variantes da proteína p12 (pMEp12) fusionada a um tag de HA (hemaglutinina de influenza) e que expressam porções da Miosina-Va, incluindo a cauda completa neuronal conjugada com GFP (MyoVa FTNeu-eGFP), que funciona como dominante negativo e compete com a Miosina-Va constitutiva pelos seus ligantes intracelulares. A localização intracelular das proteínas foi realizada por ensaio de imunofluorescência indireta utilizando anticorpos contra a Paxilina ou contra o tag de HA e a cauda medial da Miosina-Va. Técnicas de microscopia confocal e obtenção de imagens foram realizadas utilizando o microscópio Zeiss LSM 780 (Carl Zeiss Optical, Chester, Va.) e o software Adobe Photoshop CC. Surpreendentemente, nas células que expressavam Tax, a expressão de Paxilina, avaliada por imunofluorescência, foi menor, necessitando de novos ensaios para confirmação dos resultados. Em relação à p12/p8, foi observada a sua sub-localização celular como já descrito na literatura, apresentando-se na região perinuclear (RE e aparato de Golgi), e co-localização entre p12/p8 e Miosina-Va, embora apenas quando o dominante negativo MyoVa FTNeu-eGFP foi expresso simultaneamente com as variantes de p12, a localização de p12/p8 mostrou-se alterada, de pontos dispersos por todo o citoplasma e superfície celular para apresentar-se em forma de grumos agregados independentemente da variante de p12 expressa, sugerindo que a Miosina-Va desempenha um importante papel no tráfego de p8 partindo de Golgi até a superfície celular. / HTLV-1 ORFs I and IV encode respectively p12/p8 (accessory protein) and Tax (regulatory protein). The 99 amino acid p12 protein can be proteolytically cleaved at the amino terminus to generate the p8 protein. The first proteolytic cleavage removes the ER retention/retrieval signal at the amino terminus of p12, while the second cleavage generates the p8 protein. The p12 protein localizes to cellular endomembranes, within the ER and Golgi apparatus, while p8 traffics to lipid rafts at the cell surface and is recruited to the immunological synapse upon T-cell receptor (TCR) ligation, virological synapse and conduits. Tax on the other hand acts as viral transactivator and induces expression of many cellular genes, increasing proliferation and migration of infected cells. In secretory vesicle transport, vesicles produced as post-Golgi are moved along the cytoskeleton by motor proteins. The unconventional myosin motor, Myosin-Va, moves several cargoes including secretory vesicles, synaptic vesicles, and the endoplasmic reticulum. Another cytoskeleton associated protein is Paxillin, an adapter on focal adhesions which expression is increased in TSP-HAM patients. To understand if Tax play a role on increased expression of Paxillin and parallel if p8 traffics from Golgi apparatus to cell surface on a myosin-Va dependent manner, lineage cells were transfected with Tax plasmids or pMEp12 plasmids which express variants (p12WT, p12Δ29 and p12G29S) of the fusion protein of HTLV-1 p12 tagged with the influenza hemagglutinin (HA1) tag and with the Myo-Va plasmids including full-tail neuronal-eGFP conjugated (MyoVa FTNeu-eGFP) plasmid which expresses a negative dominant of myosin Va and competes for intracellular ligands with cellular putative myosin. Proteins intracellular localization were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence assay using antibodies against Paxillin or the HA-tag and the Myo-Va protein. Confocal microscopy and image collection was performed by using a Zeiss LSM 780 microscope (Carl Zeiss Optical, Chester, Va.) with Adobe Photoshop CC software. Surprisingly in Tax-expressing cells Paxillin fluorescence was decreased requiring another assay to confirm this find. It was reported that p12 expression in Jurkat T, as previous described, was shown in perinuclear region which might be RE and Golgi apparatus and that p12/p8 and MyoVa proteins colocalizes in lineage cells, however only when MyoVa FTNeu-eGFP was simultaneously expressed with pMEp12 plasmids, p12/p8 localization showed to be altered from dots dispersed all over cytoplasm and cell surface to form cytoplasmic aggregates independently on variant of p12 expressed, suggesting that myosin Va plays an important role on traffics of p8 from Golgi to cell surface.

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Das in der vorliegenden Arbeit vorgestellte Verfahren der nicht-radioaktiven Southern Blot Hybridisierung unter Verwendung einer Digoxigenin Markierung hat sich für die Darstellung von Rekombinationen im TEL-Genlokus genomischer DNA als sensitive Vergleichsmethode bewiesen. Es wurden insgesamt 122 Kinder mit dieser Methode auf das Vorliegen der Translokation t(12;21) untersucht. Bei einer nur relevante Faktoren berücksichtigenden Beschränkung des PatientInnenkollektivs auf protokollgerecht nach ALL-REZ BFM behandelte B-Vorläufer-Zell-ALL und Erstrezidive konnte eine Rekombination von TEL in 5 von 65 PatientInnen (7,7%) nachgewiesen werden. Lässt man die Einschlusskriterien der ALL-REZ BFM Studie unberücksichtigt, handelt es sich sogar um 7 von 71 (9,9%) PatientInnen. Damit bestätigen die hier vorliegenden Ergebnisse den Trend der aktuellen Diskussion über die Häufigkeit des Vorliegens des Fusionsgenes TEL-AML1 bei Erstrezidiven, die eine kumulative Inzidenz bei einem 10-jährigen Untersuchungszeitraum von 9 ± 5% angeben. Weiterhin konnte mit ereignisfreien Beobachtungszeiträumen nach dem 1. Rezidiv im Median von 8,6 Jahren ein Trend zu späten Rezidiven und somit eine mittelfristig günstige Prognose für die TEL-Rearrangement positiven Rezidivfälle konstatiert werden. Zusammenfassend kann gesagt werden, dass TEL-AML1 positive PatientInnen eine Subgruppe darstellen, die lange erkrankungsfreie Intervalle mit zur Zeit üblichen Therapieprotokollen erreichen, nach Therapie der Ersterkrankung aber auch nach dem ersten Rezidiv. Auf Grund der sich aus dem retrospektiven PatientInnekollektiv ergebenen Selektion war es nicht möglich, statistisch signifikante Aussagen zur unabhängigen prognostischen Bedeutung für die langfristige Prognose von ALL im Kindesalter mit TEL-Rekombinationen zu treffen. / The presence of TEL/AML1 fusion gene in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) defines a subgroup of patients with better than average outcome. Around 20% of the patient at point of initial ALL diagnosis are characterised by this fusion transcript from translocation t(12;21)(p12;q22). However, the prognostic significance of this aberration has recently been disputed by the Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster (BFM) study group due to its relatively high incidence found in relapsed patients (19.6% and 21.9%, in two cohorts). Here we wanted to get more data in a long term follow up retrospect investigation by analysing DNA from frozen conserved bone marrow samples of 65 children. In the study presented here only five out of 65 (7.7%) patients selected as childhood B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia only treated according to Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster (BFM) ALL relapse trial protocols (ALL-REZ BFM 82-96) (excluding T-lineage and Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive leukaemia) carry this fusion. The detection was done due to a new developed non-radioactive Southern blotting with a Digoxigenin marked template. We could confirm the still good middle term prognosis in the relapsed TEL-AML1 positive subgroup. The TEL-AML1-positive and negative patients differed with respect to duration of last remission and age at initial diagnosis. At a median follow-up time of 8.6 years, children positive for TEL-AML1 had a higher probability of disease-free survival. Because of the small number of patients in this study it was not possible to get statistical significant facts about the independent prognostic impact for the long term prognosis of ALL in childhood with TEL rearrangement.