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The role of and relationship between hamstring and quadriceps muscle myofascial trigger points in patients with patellofemoral pain syndromeSmith, Karen Louise Frandsen January 2012 (has links)
Mini-dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the
Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2012. / Purpose: Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome is a common condition in all age groups, with a multifactorial
etiology. This study aimed to investigate the association between the Quadriceps
femoris muscle group, Hamstring muscle group and Adductor muscle group, and to establish
the relationship between myofascial trigger points (MFTP’s) in these muscle groups and
patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS).
Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, quantitative non-intervention clinical assessment
study was conducted at the Chiropractic Day Clinic at Durban University of Technology (DUT),
to determine the extent of the PFPS, the MFTPs and thus the relationship between the two. The
study included eighty patients with PFPS, who were recruited by convenience sampling. The
results were captured using Microsoft excel and SPSS version 15.0 was used to analyze the
data.
Results: Quadriceps femoris muscle group MFTPs were noted in 92.5% of the patients (most
prevalent being Vastus medialis TP1 (63.8%), Vastus lateralis TP1 (33.8%) and Vastus
intermedius at 27,5%). Least common was Vastus lateralis TP2 only presenting in 2,5% of the
patients. Hamstring muscle group MFTPs were found overall in 86.3% of patients (most
prevalent being in Biceps femoris muscle (66%), and least prevalent being in Semitendinosus
muscle (11,3%)). MFTPs were present in 64% overall of the Adductor muscle group (Adductor
magnus muscle being the most common). Significant associations were made between the
presence of MFTPs in the Vastus lateralis TP2 (p=0.00), Vastus medialis TP1 (p=0.046; 0.005;
0.004), the NRS and the PPSS. Also significant was the relationship between the NRS, PPSS
and the Semimembranosus and Adductor magnus muscles indicated that these muscles were
the most likely causes of pain even though they had fewer MFTPs than other comparable
muscles.
Conclusion: The outcomes of this study supports previous research indicating that an extensor
dysfunction of the Quadriceps femoris muscle group may be of MFTP origin and indicates that
other muscles in the thigh require further research indicating their role in the development of
PFPS.
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A espiritualidade em mulheres com síndrome dolorosa miofascial crônica do segmento cefálico comparada a um grupo controle / Spirituality in women with chronic myofascial pain at the head and face compared to a control groupLago-Rizzardi, Camilla Domingues do 09 February 2012 (has links)
Apesar da antiga visão mecanicista ao longo do século passado a dor passou a ser avaliada e tratada de forma biopsicossocial, uma vez que diversos aspectos emocionais e sociais podem modular sintomas físicos. A partir da década de 80, a espiritualidade foi incluída neste contexto. Entende-se por espiritualidade a parte essencial individual que controla a mente e o corpo, aquilo que traz significado e propósito para a vida das pessoas. Seu mecanismo é modulatório e aparenta envolver diversas vias endócrinas e imunológicas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a espiritualidade em mulheres com síndrome dolorosa miofascial no segmento cefálico comparada a um grupo controle. Foram avaliadas 24 doentes que freqüentam a Equipe de Dor Orofacial e Centro Interdisciplinar de Dor do Departamento de Neurologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP, usando os seguintes instrumentos: 1. Ficha clínica da Equipe de Dor Orofacial (EDOF), incluindo a EVA Escala Visual Analógica; 2. Critérios de Diagnóstico em Pesquisa para Disfunções Temporomandibulares (RDC/TMD); 3. Escala de Perspectiva Espiritual (SPS). Também foram avaliadas as concentrações hematológicas de cortisol, ACTH, C3 e C4, hormônios tireoidianos (TSH, T4L, T3, T4), imunoglobulina total, além de proteína C reativa, fator reumatóide e hemograma completo. Ao final, os dados foram tabulados e analisados estatisticamente. O grupo de estudo apresentou-se mais espiritualizado do que o grupo controle (P=0,048). No grupo de estudo, os indivíduos que apresentaram maior pontuação na escala espiritual apresentaram menos dor miofascial à palpação, menos hábitos parafuncionais como o bruxismo (P=0,049), faziam menos uso de anti-alérgicos (P=0,035), tiveram menos queixas de falta de energia ou lentidão (P=0,016), e menor número de morbidades associadas (P=0,005). Também apresentaram valores menores para ACTH, IgE e plaquetas e maiores para hemoglobina. Em conclusão, abordar a espiritualidade pode ser uma ferramenta no enfrentamento da dor miofascial crônica do segmento cefálico / Despite the old mechanistic view over the last century pain started to be assessed in a biopsychosocial model which included emotional aspects. In the last 30 years, spirituality was included in this context, and it means the essential part under control of the mind and body and that brings purpose to peoples lives. Spirituality can modulate pain by endocrine and immune mechanisms. The objective of this study was to investigate the spirituality in women with myofascial pain syndrome on the head and face compared to a control group. We evaluated 24 patients from the Orofacial Pain Team and the Interdisciplinary Pain Center of the Neurology Department of the Hospital das Clinicas from the Medical School of the University of São Paulo, with the following instruments: 1. Orofacial Pain Questionnaire (EDOF), including the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS); 2. Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD); 3. The Spiritual Perspective Scale (SPS). All patients and controls were also investigated about the blood concentration of the following substances: cortisol, ACTH, C3 and C4, thyroid hormones (TSH, FT4, T3, T4), total immunoglobulin, and C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor and CBC. After all, the data were tabled and statistically analyzed. The study group was more spiritualized than the control group (P=0,048). In both groups, individuals with higher score of spirituality had less myofascial pain at palpation, less parafunctional habits such as bruxism (P=0,049), less use of antiallergic drugs (P=0,035) and fewer complaints of lack of energy (P=0,016) or associated morbidities (P=0,005). They also had lower levels of ACTH and IgE and higher platelet and hemoglobin concentrations. In conclusion, assessing spirituality can be a mechanism of coping with the chronic myofascial pain at the head and face
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Dor miofascial plantar e inervação do músculo abdutor do hálux: relação anátomo-clínica / Plantar miosfacial pain and inervation of the abductor hallucis muscle: and clinical- anatomy relationshipWada, Juliano Takashi 22 May 2018 (has links)
A síndrome da dor miofascial crônica é a causa mais frequente das dores musculoesqueléticas com prevalência mundial que varia entre 13,7% e 47% da população, destes, em torno de 17% apresentam dores na região do retropé medial. O músculo abdutor do hálux que se localiza na região medial do pé representa grande importância para as síndromes dolorosas plantares, seu estudo será importante para compreender melhor a fisiopatologia da dor miofascial que ainda permanece desconhecida. Objetivos: Descrição dos pontos de penetração dos ramos do nervo plantar medial no ventre do músculo abdutor do hálux através da dissecção anatômica e a sua inter-relação com os sintomas clínicos de dor plantar nos pacientes ortopédicos. Método: O estudo foi realizado em dois grupos com a amostra calculada pelo projeto piloto realizado anteriormente. No grupo de dissecção anatômica (GDA) foram dissecados 30 pés para a avaliação do número de pontos de entrada dos ramos nervosos no músculo associado ao grupo dos pacientes ortopédicos (GPO) onde 30 pés com sintomas de dor no retropé medial foram submetidos à avaliação da sensibilidade dolorosa com o dolorímetro digital de pressão. Ambos os grupos utilizaram o referencial dos quadrantes no músculo abdutor do hálux. O GDA foi submetido a análise de equações de estimação generalizadas com distribuição Poisson e função de log logaritmo seguida de comparações múltiplas de Bonferroni assim como no GPO mas para a distribuição normal e função de ligação identidade, os dados foram expressos em média ± desvio padrão. O nível de significância foi ajustado para 5% (p < 0,05). Resultados: Neste estudo o GDA apresentou uma diferença estatisticamente significante de pontos de entrada dos ramos do nervo plantar medial no ventre muscular do abdutor do hálux no primeiro quadrante (póstero-lateral, Q1, p < 0,05) em relação aos demais quadrantes, assim como no GPO onde Q1 também apresentou uma maior sensibilidade dolorosa quando comparado aos demais quadrantes (p < 0,05). Foi registrado a partir das dissecções uma inédita fixação no osso navicular do músculo abdutor do hálux. Conclusão: Nossos resultados sugerem que existe uma possível relação entre o maior número de entrada dos ramos do nervo plantar medial no ventre do músculo abdutor do hálux e a maior sensibilidade dolorosa no retropé medial, ou seja, os problemas musculares podem desencadear sintomas clínicos dolorosos a partir da compressão nervosa na região. Os dados vão cooperar para a melhor compreensão das síndromes miofasciais dos pés que auxiliarão para o desenvolvimento de futuros tratamentos / Chronic myofascial pain syndrome is the most frequent cause of musculoskeletal pain, with a worldwide prevalence ranging from 13.7% to 47% of the population, which 17% have pain in the retromedial area. The abductor hallucis muscle is located in the medial region of the foot represent high importance for plantar painful syndromes and your study will be important to better understand the pathophysiology of myofascial pain that remains unknown. Objectives: Description through anatomical dissection of the penetration points of the medial plantar nerve branches in the abductor hallucis muscle layer and their interrelationship with the clinical symptoms of plantar pain in orthopedic patients. Methods: The study was carried out in two groups, the sample size was calculated by the previous pilot study. In the anatomical dissection group (ADG), 30 feet were dissected for the evaluation of the number of entry points of the nerve branches in the muscle belly associated with the orthopedic patients group (OPG) where 30 feet with pain symptoms were submitted to the evaluation of pain sensitivity with digital pressure gauge, both groups used the quadrants referential in the abductor hallucis muscle for the evaluation. The ADG were submitted to the analysis of generalized equation of estimation with Poisson distribuition and log logarithnm and was followed by Bonferroni multiple comparisons, for OPG the same analysis but for normal distribution and identity link function, the datas were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The level of significance was adjusted to 5% (p < 0.05) for all tests. Results: In this study, the ADG presented a statistically significant difference of medial plantar nerve branches entry points in the first quadrant (posterolateral, Q1) in the abductor halluccis muscle (p < 0.05) in relation to the others, as well as in the OPG, where the first quadrant (Q1) also presented a greater pain sensitivity when compared to the other quadrants (p < 0.05). It was recorded an unprecedented navicular bone fixation from abductor hallucis muscle. Conclusion: Our results suggests that there are a possible relationship between the greater number of entry of the medial plantar nerve branches in the abductor hallucis muscle and the higher pain sensation in the retromedial plantar area and the muscle can trigger an nervous compression to develop painful symptoms. These datas will cooperate to better understand myofascial pain syndromes that will help to develop new treatments
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Associação entre pontos-gatilho miofasciais e pacientes com zumbido constante: capacidade de modulação, localização e correlação de lateralidade / Association between myofascial trigger points and subjects with constant tinnitus: capacity of modulation, localization and laterality associationRocha, Carina Andréa Costa Bezerra 24 August 2005 (has links)
Introdução: alguns pacientes com zumbido podem apresentar pontosgatilho miofasciais, principalmente na musculatura mastigatória e cervical. No entanto, este tema é pouco abordado na literatura. Os objetivos deste estudo foram investigar a associação entre (1) zumbido e pontos-gatilho, (2) a orelha com pior zumbido e o lado do corpo com maior número de pontosgatilho, além de (3) verificar a capacidade de o ponto-gatilho modular o zumbido. Métodos: neste estudo caso-controle foram avaliados 94 pacientes com zumbido e 94 assintomáticos, pareados por sexo e idade, sem queixa de dor generalizada ou mioclonia. Todos foram submetidos, pelo mesmo investigador, a um protocolo de avaliação e à pressão digital para pesquisa de pontos-gatilho em 9 músculos bilateralmente: infra-espinal, levantador da escápula, trapézio, esplênio da cabeça, escaleno, esternocleidomastóideo, digástrico, masseter e temporal. A intensidade do zumbido foi avaliada por uma escala numérica de 0 a 10, considerando-se como modulação o aumento ou diminuição imediata de pelo menos um ponto na escala e/ou mudança no tipo de som. Os exames foram executados em local silencioso para facilitar a percepção da modulação do zumbido. Resultados: os pontos-gatilho estavam presentes em 72,3% dos pacientes com zumbido (OR= 4,87; p< 0,001) e 55,9% deles relataram modulação do sintoma durante a pressão digital nos pontos-gatilho ativos e latentes, em pelo menos um músculo, principalmente no masseter, esplênio da cabeça, esternocleidomastóideo e temporal. A modulação do zumbido pelo ponto-gatilho examinado foi predominantemente ipsilateral em 6 dos 9 músculos avaliados. Houve correlação de lateralidade entre a orelha com pior zumbido e o lado do corpo com maior número de pontos-gatilho em 56,5% dos casos (Kappa= 0,29; p< 0,001). Houve diferença significante quanto à presença de queixa prévia de dor na comparação dos pacientes com zumbido que modularam com aqueles que não modularam (p< 0,008). Conclusões: a presença significante dos pontos-gatilho em pacientes com zumbido associada à freqüente modulação do sintoma durante sua palpação, além da sua presença em maior número no lado da orelha com pior zumbido, sugere que os pontos-gatilho sejam um fator etiológico ou coadjuvante do zumbido. / Introduction: some patients suffering from tinnitus may present myofascial trigger points, mainly in head and neck muscles. However, this issue is poorly explored in the literature. The objectives of this study were to investigate an association between (1) tinnitus and trigger points, (2) the ear with the worst tinnitus and the side of the body with more trigger points, (3) presence of trigger points and their capacity of modulating tinnitus. Methods: in this case control study 94 subjects with tinnitus, and 94 without such symptom were analyzed, matched by age and gender, excluding those with widespread musculoskeletal pain or myoclonus. All of them underwent an evaluation protocol and digital pressure in order to search for trigger points in 9 bilateral muscles: infraspinatus, levator scapulae, trapezius, splenius capitis, scalenus, sternocleidomastoid, digastric, masseter and temporalis. The intensity of tinnitus was evaluated with a scale ranging from 0 to 10, and modulation was considered present in cases of immediate increase or decrease of at least one point in the scale and/or changes in the type of sound. The exams took place in a silent environment, so as to make it easier for tinnitus\' modulation to be perceived. Results: the presence of trigger points was observed in 72.3% of tinnitus patients (OR= 4.87; p< 0,001). Among them, 55.9% reported tinnitus modulation during digital pressure in both active and latent trigger points, in at least one muscle, mainly in masseter, splenius capitis, sternocleidomastoid and temporalis muscles. The rate of tinnitus modulation was significantly higher at the same side of the trigger point subject to examination in 6 out of 9 muscles. There was an association of laterality between the ear with worst tinnitus and the side of the body with more trigger points in 56.5% of the cases (Kappa value = 0.29; p< 0.001). There was a significant difference related to the presence of previous pain complaint when patients with tinnitus that modulated were compared to patients with tinnitus that did not modulate (p< 0.008). Conclusions: significant presence of trigger points in tinnitus patients, associated to frequent modulation of this symptom during palpation, besides the presence of more trigger points in the side of the ear with the worst tinnitus, suggests that trigger points are an etiologic factor or adjuvant in tinnitus onset.
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A espiritualidade em mulheres com síndrome dolorosa miofascial crônica do segmento cefálico comparada a um grupo controle / Spirituality in women with chronic myofascial pain at the head and face compared to a control groupCamilla Domingues do Lago-Rizzardi 09 February 2012 (has links)
Apesar da antiga visão mecanicista ao longo do século passado a dor passou a ser avaliada e tratada de forma biopsicossocial, uma vez que diversos aspectos emocionais e sociais podem modular sintomas físicos. A partir da década de 80, a espiritualidade foi incluída neste contexto. Entende-se por espiritualidade a parte essencial individual que controla a mente e o corpo, aquilo que traz significado e propósito para a vida das pessoas. Seu mecanismo é modulatório e aparenta envolver diversas vias endócrinas e imunológicas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a espiritualidade em mulheres com síndrome dolorosa miofascial no segmento cefálico comparada a um grupo controle. Foram avaliadas 24 doentes que freqüentam a Equipe de Dor Orofacial e Centro Interdisciplinar de Dor do Departamento de Neurologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP, usando os seguintes instrumentos: 1. Ficha clínica da Equipe de Dor Orofacial (EDOF), incluindo a EVA Escala Visual Analógica; 2. Critérios de Diagnóstico em Pesquisa para Disfunções Temporomandibulares (RDC/TMD); 3. Escala de Perspectiva Espiritual (SPS). Também foram avaliadas as concentrações hematológicas de cortisol, ACTH, C3 e C4, hormônios tireoidianos (TSH, T4L, T3, T4), imunoglobulina total, além de proteína C reativa, fator reumatóide e hemograma completo. Ao final, os dados foram tabulados e analisados estatisticamente. O grupo de estudo apresentou-se mais espiritualizado do que o grupo controle (P=0,048). No grupo de estudo, os indivíduos que apresentaram maior pontuação na escala espiritual apresentaram menos dor miofascial à palpação, menos hábitos parafuncionais como o bruxismo (P=0,049), faziam menos uso de anti-alérgicos (P=0,035), tiveram menos queixas de falta de energia ou lentidão (P=0,016), e menor número de morbidades associadas (P=0,005). Também apresentaram valores menores para ACTH, IgE e plaquetas e maiores para hemoglobina. Em conclusão, abordar a espiritualidade pode ser uma ferramenta no enfrentamento da dor miofascial crônica do segmento cefálico / Despite the old mechanistic view over the last century pain started to be assessed in a biopsychosocial model which included emotional aspects. In the last 30 years, spirituality was included in this context, and it means the essential part under control of the mind and body and that brings purpose to peoples lives. Spirituality can modulate pain by endocrine and immune mechanisms. The objective of this study was to investigate the spirituality in women with myofascial pain syndrome on the head and face compared to a control group. We evaluated 24 patients from the Orofacial Pain Team and the Interdisciplinary Pain Center of the Neurology Department of the Hospital das Clinicas from the Medical School of the University of São Paulo, with the following instruments: 1. Orofacial Pain Questionnaire (EDOF), including the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS); 2. Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD); 3. The Spiritual Perspective Scale (SPS). All patients and controls were also investigated about the blood concentration of the following substances: cortisol, ACTH, C3 and C4, thyroid hormones (TSH, FT4, T3, T4), total immunoglobulin, and C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor and CBC. After all, the data were tabled and statistically analyzed. The study group was more spiritualized than the control group (P=0,048). In both groups, individuals with higher score of spirituality had less myofascial pain at palpation, less parafunctional habits such as bruxism (P=0,049), less use of antiallergic drugs (P=0,035) and fewer complaints of lack of energy (P=0,016) or associated morbidities (P=0,005). They also had lower levels of ACTH and IgE and higher platelet and hemoglobin concentrations. In conclusion, assessing spirituality can be a mechanism of coping with the chronic myofascial pain at the head and face
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DSM-IV pain disorder in the general populationFröhlich, Christine, Jacobi, Frank, Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich 06 February 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Background: Despite an abundance of questionnaire data, the prevalence of clinically significant and medically unexplained pain syndromes in the general population has rarely been examined with a rigid personal-interview methodology. Objective To examine the prevalence of pain syndromes and DSM-IV pain disorder in the general population and the association with other mental disorders, as well as effects on disability and health-care utilization.
Methods: Analyses were based on a community sample of 4.181 participants 18–65 years old; diagnostic variables were assessed with a standardized diagnostic interview (M-CIDI).
Results: The 12-month prevalence for DSM-IV pain disorder in the general population was 8.1%; more than 53% showed concurrent anxiety and mood disorders. Subjects with pain disorder revealed significantly poorer quality of life, greater disability, and higher health-care utilization rates compared to cases with pain below the diagnostic threshold. The majority had more than one type of pain, with excessive headache being the most frequent type.
Conclusions: Even when stringent diagnostic criteria are used, pain disorder ranks among the most prevalent conditions in the community. The joint effects of high prevalence in all age groups, substantial disability, and increased health services utilization result in a substantial total burden, exceeding that of depression and anxiety.
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Knowledge and practices of myofascial pain syndrome of the temporomandibular joint by dentists in the Greater eThekwini regionVan der Colff, Hyla January 2018 (has links)
Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2018. / BACKGROUND: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) affect up to fifteen percent of adults. It produces craniofacial pain of musculoskeletal structures within the head and neck. One particular cause of TMDs is said to be myofascial pain syndrome (MFPS), which according to various research papers, if not considered and/or assessed, the general cause of a patient’s pain could be disregarded and incorrect treatment offered.
Numerous studies conducted internationally on dental management of temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD) concluded that there is a significant gap in dentists’ education and training regarding the identification and management of MFPS. Upon reviewing the current literature available in South Africa, very little research existed on dentists’ knowledge and the management strategies that they utilised regarding MFPS in TMJD patients.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the dentists’ knowledge regarding MFPS of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). What assessment and treatment/management strategies they use, and whether they make use of referral networks and if the respondents’ demographics influence their knowledge, utilisation, perception and referral patterns.
METHODOLOGY: The researcher developed a research questionnaire, which was validated by both an expert and a pilot study group. This questionnaire was then used as a research tool in this cross-sectional study. General dental practitioners from the Greater eThekwini Region received an invitation to participate. The questionnaire-based survey consisted of five sections: biographical profile of respondents; topic background; perception; knowledge; utilisation and management (including referral patterns) of MFPS.
RESULTS: The majority of respondents did receive basic education in MFPS, with 76.9% reporting that they received undergraduate education and 57.7% indicating that they had attended post-graduate courses/talks on MFPS. There was a 100% response from dentists indicating their willingness to attend post-graduate courses/talks on MFPS. The results indicated that the respondents, who felt that their curriculum regarding MFPS was sufficient, were more knowledgeable and more competent in diagnosing and managing MFPS. Overall, the average score for knowledge was 65.17%. Clinical features
(78.85%) and the perpetuating and relieving factors (72.11%) scored the highest while causes (58.06%) and differential diagnoses (51.16%) scored the lowest knowledge levels. Respondents mostly made use of allopathic medical fields, and not of alternative medical fields, however a high number of respondents (73.1%) indicated that they would consider chiropractic co–management of patients with MFPS.
CONCLUSION: This study adds new information in the South African context regarding dentists’ understanding of the myofascial component of TMDs. It also provides the dental profession with information about the knowledge and practices related to MFPS as well as information regarding the strengths and weaknesses on its educational component. It is recommended that dentists receive additional training on differential diagnoses and causes. It is also recommended that the chiropractic profession take this opportunity to offer courses/talks on MFPS and join forces with the dentistry profession on how they can assist in managing patients with MFPS. / M
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Termografia computadorizada na identificação de trigger points miofasciais / Identification of myofascial trigger points by computerized thermographyBalbinot, Luciane Fachin 24 November 2006 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2006-11-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Computerized thermography, system with ability to capture the infrared light emissivity of any reflexive surface, is part of the current arsenal of instrumentation in biomechanics. Using this methodology, it is possible to evaluate the physiology of thermical maintenance through its skin surface representation. The aim of this work is to evaluate the thermography as the identification method of myofascial trigger points, been chosen the trapezius muscle as study focus since it is one of most affected body regions concerning myofascial syndrome. This syndrome is highly prevalent and historically sub-diagnosticated as it requires expert professionals to establish its diagnostic, through physical examination. The articipants of this study were gathered as a sample of thirty persons, fifteen men and fifteen woman, ages between twenty three and seventy years (32,5 years in average). The algometry by pressure, highly validated method on previous works, has been used as part of physical examination to confirm the thermography events. The equipment used to collect the thermograms was an infrared camera with digital image processing, with thermical sensitivity for spectral ranges from 7 to 12 micrometers, appropriate for medical diagnostic utilization; the error index for measurement on this equipment is either 2% or 2oC. It has been used a dynamometer, clock type, for the algometry, commercially available for clinical use, which makes possible to evaluate the applied pressure to the focal point. The trigger point identification was based in a pain diagram filled by the own subject using previously validated parameters. The imaging evaluation was done using a descriptive analysis, having been taking in consideration the thermographic event corresponding to the trigger point, the hot spot or a discoid shaped surface, with one or more degrees Celsius hotter if compared to the neighbor reference point. Algometry was used in this work as reference method It was applied descriptive statistics for evaluate sensibility and specificity in trapezius Myofascial Syndrome diagnoses. A totality of 250 trigger points had been founded: 198 (79.20%) identified by algometry and thermography; 41 points (16.40%) by thermography only; 11(4.40%) identified by algometry only. It was concluded that the thermograpy is an appropriated method for Myofascial Syndrome diagnostic on trapezius muscle. / A termografia, sistema com capacidade de captar a emissividade de luz infravermelha de qualquer superfície reflexiva, faz parte do arsenal atual de instrumentação em biomecânica. Com esta metodologia pode-se avaliar a fisiologia da manutenção térmica através de sua representação cutânea. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a termografia comptadorizada na identificação de trigger points miofasciais, tendo sido escolhido o músculo trapézio como foco de estudo, por esta ser uma das regiões corporais mais acometidas pela Síndrome Miofascial. Esta síndrome é altamente prevalente na população adulta ativa e, historicamente, sub-diagnosticada por requerer profissional especializado e treinado para estabelecer seu diagnóstico, que é através de exame físico. Os participantes deste estudo compunham uma amostra de trinta sujeitos, quinze homens e 15 mulheres, com idade entre 23 e 70 anos (média de 32,5 anos). A algometria de pressão, método validado amplamente em estudos prévios, foi utilizada como parte do exame físico para confirmação ou não dos eventos da termografia. O equipamento utilizado para coleta dos termogramas foi uma câmara de infravermelho com processamento digital de imagens, com sensibilidade térmica em faixa espectral de 7 a 12 micrômetros, adequada à sua aplicação no diagnóstico médico; o índice de incerteza de medição deste equipamento é de 2% ou 2ºC. Para a algometria, utilizou-se um dinamômetro tipo relógio, disponível comercialmente para uso clínico, que permitiu avaliar a pressão aplicada aos pontos de interesse. A identificação dos trigger points foi baseada em diagrama de dor preenchido pelo próprio sujeito e utilizando-se parâmetros previamente validados em publicações cientificas. A avaliação das imagens foi realizada através de análise descritiva, valorizando-se o evento termográfico correspondente ao trigger point, que é um hot spot ou, área em formato discóide, com hipertermia de um ou mais graus Celsius em relação a um ponto de referência circunvizinho. A algometria foi usada como método de referência neste estudo. Utilizou-se análise estatística descritiva dos dados para avaliar a sensibilidade e a especificidade da termografia no diagnóstico de Síndrome Miofascial de músculo trapézio. Foram identificados um total de 250 trigger points; destes, 198 (79,20%) foram identificados pela algometria e termografia simultaneamente; 41 pontos (16,40%) identificados apenas pela termografia e 11 pontos (4,40%) identificados apenas pela algometria. Concluiu-se que a termografia é eficaz na identificação de trigger points miofasciais de músculo trapézio.
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Dor miofascial plantar e inervação do músculo abdutor do hálux: relação anátomo-clínica / Plantar miosfacial pain and inervation of the abductor hallucis muscle: and clinical- anatomy relationshipJuliano Takashi Wada 22 May 2018 (has links)
A síndrome da dor miofascial crônica é a causa mais frequente das dores musculoesqueléticas com prevalência mundial que varia entre 13,7% e 47% da população, destes, em torno de 17% apresentam dores na região do retropé medial. O músculo abdutor do hálux que se localiza na região medial do pé representa grande importância para as síndromes dolorosas plantares, seu estudo será importante para compreender melhor a fisiopatologia da dor miofascial que ainda permanece desconhecida. Objetivos: Descrição dos pontos de penetração dos ramos do nervo plantar medial no ventre do músculo abdutor do hálux através da dissecção anatômica e a sua inter-relação com os sintomas clínicos de dor plantar nos pacientes ortopédicos. Método: O estudo foi realizado em dois grupos com a amostra calculada pelo projeto piloto realizado anteriormente. No grupo de dissecção anatômica (GDA) foram dissecados 30 pés para a avaliação do número de pontos de entrada dos ramos nervosos no músculo associado ao grupo dos pacientes ortopédicos (GPO) onde 30 pés com sintomas de dor no retropé medial foram submetidos à avaliação da sensibilidade dolorosa com o dolorímetro digital de pressão. Ambos os grupos utilizaram o referencial dos quadrantes no músculo abdutor do hálux. O GDA foi submetido a análise de equações de estimação generalizadas com distribuição Poisson e função de log logaritmo seguida de comparações múltiplas de Bonferroni assim como no GPO mas para a distribuição normal e função de ligação identidade, os dados foram expressos em média ± desvio padrão. O nível de significância foi ajustado para 5% (p < 0,05). Resultados: Neste estudo o GDA apresentou uma diferença estatisticamente significante de pontos de entrada dos ramos do nervo plantar medial no ventre muscular do abdutor do hálux no primeiro quadrante (póstero-lateral, Q1, p < 0,05) em relação aos demais quadrantes, assim como no GPO onde Q1 também apresentou uma maior sensibilidade dolorosa quando comparado aos demais quadrantes (p < 0,05). Foi registrado a partir das dissecções uma inédita fixação no osso navicular do músculo abdutor do hálux. Conclusão: Nossos resultados sugerem que existe uma possível relação entre o maior número de entrada dos ramos do nervo plantar medial no ventre do músculo abdutor do hálux e a maior sensibilidade dolorosa no retropé medial, ou seja, os problemas musculares podem desencadear sintomas clínicos dolorosos a partir da compressão nervosa na região. Os dados vão cooperar para a melhor compreensão das síndromes miofasciais dos pés que auxiliarão para o desenvolvimento de futuros tratamentos / Chronic myofascial pain syndrome is the most frequent cause of musculoskeletal pain, with a worldwide prevalence ranging from 13.7% to 47% of the population, which 17% have pain in the retromedial area. The abductor hallucis muscle is located in the medial region of the foot represent high importance for plantar painful syndromes and your study will be important to better understand the pathophysiology of myofascial pain that remains unknown. Objectives: Description through anatomical dissection of the penetration points of the medial plantar nerve branches in the abductor hallucis muscle layer and their interrelationship with the clinical symptoms of plantar pain in orthopedic patients. Methods: The study was carried out in two groups, the sample size was calculated by the previous pilot study. In the anatomical dissection group (ADG), 30 feet were dissected for the evaluation of the number of entry points of the nerve branches in the muscle belly associated with the orthopedic patients group (OPG) where 30 feet with pain symptoms were submitted to the evaluation of pain sensitivity with digital pressure gauge, both groups used the quadrants referential in the abductor hallucis muscle for the evaluation. The ADG were submitted to the analysis of generalized equation of estimation with Poisson distribuition and log logarithnm and was followed by Bonferroni multiple comparisons, for OPG the same analysis but for normal distribution and identity link function, the datas were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The level of significance was adjusted to 5% (p < 0.05) for all tests. Results: In this study, the ADG presented a statistically significant difference of medial plantar nerve branches entry points in the first quadrant (posterolateral, Q1) in the abductor halluccis muscle (p < 0.05) in relation to the others, as well as in the OPG, where the first quadrant (Q1) also presented a greater pain sensitivity when compared to the other quadrants (p < 0.05). It was recorded an unprecedented navicular bone fixation from abductor hallucis muscle. Conclusion: Our results suggests that there are a possible relationship between the greater number of entry of the medial plantar nerve branches in the abductor hallucis muscle and the higher pain sensation in the retromedial plantar area and the muscle can trigger an nervous compression to develop painful symptoms. These datas will cooperate to better understand myofascial pain syndromes that will help to develop new treatments
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Associação entre pontos-gatilho miofasciais e pacientes com zumbido constante: capacidade de modulação, localização e correlação de lateralidade / Association between myofascial trigger points and subjects with constant tinnitus: capacity of modulation, localization and laterality associationCarina Andréa Costa Bezerra Rocha 24 August 2005 (has links)
Introdução: alguns pacientes com zumbido podem apresentar pontosgatilho miofasciais, principalmente na musculatura mastigatória e cervical. No entanto, este tema é pouco abordado na literatura. Os objetivos deste estudo foram investigar a associação entre (1) zumbido e pontos-gatilho, (2) a orelha com pior zumbido e o lado do corpo com maior número de pontosgatilho, além de (3) verificar a capacidade de o ponto-gatilho modular o zumbido. Métodos: neste estudo caso-controle foram avaliados 94 pacientes com zumbido e 94 assintomáticos, pareados por sexo e idade, sem queixa de dor generalizada ou mioclonia. Todos foram submetidos, pelo mesmo investigador, a um protocolo de avaliação e à pressão digital para pesquisa de pontos-gatilho em 9 músculos bilateralmente: infra-espinal, levantador da escápula, trapézio, esplênio da cabeça, escaleno, esternocleidomastóideo, digástrico, masseter e temporal. A intensidade do zumbido foi avaliada por uma escala numérica de 0 a 10, considerando-se como modulação o aumento ou diminuição imediata de pelo menos um ponto na escala e/ou mudança no tipo de som. Os exames foram executados em local silencioso para facilitar a percepção da modulação do zumbido. Resultados: os pontos-gatilho estavam presentes em 72,3% dos pacientes com zumbido (OR= 4,87; p< 0,001) e 55,9% deles relataram modulação do sintoma durante a pressão digital nos pontos-gatilho ativos e latentes, em pelo menos um músculo, principalmente no masseter, esplênio da cabeça, esternocleidomastóideo e temporal. A modulação do zumbido pelo ponto-gatilho examinado foi predominantemente ipsilateral em 6 dos 9 músculos avaliados. Houve correlação de lateralidade entre a orelha com pior zumbido e o lado do corpo com maior número de pontos-gatilho em 56,5% dos casos (Kappa= 0,29; p< 0,001). Houve diferença significante quanto à presença de queixa prévia de dor na comparação dos pacientes com zumbido que modularam com aqueles que não modularam (p< 0,008). Conclusões: a presença significante dos pontos-gatilho em pacientes com zumbido associada à freqüente modulação do sintoma durante sua palpação, além da sua presença em maior número no lado da orelha com pior zumbido, sugere que os pontos-gatilho sejam um fator etiológico ou coadjuvante do zumbido. / Introduction: some patients suffering from tinnitus may present myofascial trigger points, mainly in head and neck muscles. However, this issue is poorly explored in the literature. The objectives of this study were to investigate an association between (1) tinnitus and trigger points, (2) the ear with the worst tinnitus and the side of the body with more trigger points, (3) presence of trigger points and their capacity of modulating tinnitus. Methods: in this case control study 94 subjects with tinnitus, and 94 without such symptom were analyzed, matched by age and gender, excluding those with widespread musculoskeletal pain or myoclonus. All of them underwent an evaluation protocol and digital pressure in order to search for trigger points in 9 bilateral muscles: infraspinatus, levator scapulae, trapezius, splenius capitis, scalenus, sternocleidomastoid, digastric, masseter and temporalis. The intensity of tinnitus was evaluated with a scale ranging from 0 to 10, and modulation was considered present in cases of immediate increase or decrease of at least one point in the scale and/or changes in the type of sound. The exams took place in a silent environment, so as to make it easier for tinnitus\' modulation to be perceived. Results: the presence of trigger points was observed in 72.3% of tinnitus patients (OR= 4.87; p< 0,001). Among them, 55.9% reported tinnitus modulation during digital pressure in both active and latent trigger points, in at least one muscle, mainly in masseter, splenius capitis, sternocleidomastoid and temporalis muscles. The rate of tinnitus modulation was significantly higher at the same side of the trigger point subject to examination in 6 out of 9 muscles. There was an association of laterality between the ear with worst tinnitus and the side of the body with more trigger points in 56.5% of the cases (Kappa value = 0.29; p< 0.001). There was a significant difference related to the presence of previous pain complaint when patients with tinnitus that modulated were compared to patients with tinnitus that did not modulate (p< 0.008). Conclusions: significant presence of trigger points in tinnitus patients, associated to frequent modulation of this symptom during palpation, besides the presence of more trigger points in the side of the ear with the worst tinnitus, suggests that trigger points are an etiologic factor or adjuvant in tinnitus onset.
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