Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Aministración / Robert Salterio [Parte I] / Entre los distritos de panamá y san miguelito existe una población de aproximadamente 140,000 personas que cuentan con muy pocas alternativas para divertirse y compartir en familia. En estas mismas áreas existen alrededor de 7 ligas de béisbol infantil (aproximadamente 2,800 peloteros) quienes entrenan en condiciones limitadas (iluminación, lluvia, estado del terreno) y bajo técnicas de entrenamiento no acorde con las que se practican en los países de alta competición internacional como EEUU, México entre otros. De acuerdo a una entrevista “in situ” luego de una prueba piloto realizada en la ciudad de Panamá, el 96% de los encuestados estuvieron de acuerdo que en la ciudad no existen suficientes centros de entretenimiento deportivo donde compartir con la familia. Salas de cine, bolos y salas de video juegos son las principales opciones que tienen los panameños de este sector, mientras que los competidores ofrecen para los deportistas un servicio estándar y en muchos casos deficiente. De esta manera nace la idea de La Jaula de Bateo, que busca ofrecer una propuesta de valor ofreciendo diversión para toda la familia, en un ambiente único por la pasión del béisbol. La Jaula de Bateo busca integrarse con ligas y academias de Béisbol a fin de generar alianzas a largo plazo que garanticen ingresos recurrentes dentro de este segmento. El conocimiento del mercado se basó en entrevistas a personalidades referentes al deporte, prueba piloto realizadas en centro comercial y encuestas realizadas en situ, con el objetivo de identificar las necesidades que cuenta este mercado deportivo lo cual nos ayudó a formalizar la propuesta. Como objetivo principal La Jaula de Bateo busca posicionarse como marca referente al Béisbol, y como pioneros en el mercado. Para lograr esto la Jaula de Bateo se ha propuesto una estrategia competitiva ofrecer un servicio personalizado; especialmente para el segmento Deportivo a fin de crear un vínculo de largo plazo, y un ambiente familiar, donde todo el grupo pueda compartir y pasar un rato único y divertido.

John le Carré’s novels “The Spy Who Came in From the Cold” (1963), “Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy” (1974), and “The Tailor of Panama” (1997), focus on how the main characters reflect the somber reality of working in the British intelligence service. Through a broad post-structuralist analysis, I will identify the dichotomies - good/evil in “The Spy Who Came in From the Cold,” past/future in “Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy,” and institution/individual in “The Tailor of Panama” - that frame the role of the protagonists. Each character is defined by his ambiguity and swinging moral compass, transforming him into a hybrid creation of morality and adaptability during transitional time periods in history, mainly during the Cold War. Le Carré’s novels reject the notion of spies standing above a group being celebrated. Instead, he portrays spies as characters who trade off individualism and social belonging for a false sense of heroism, loneliness, and even death.

abstract: Cetacean-based ecotourism is a popular activity and an important source of revenue for many countries. Whale watching, a subset of cetacean-based ecotourism, is vital to supporting conservation efforts and provides numerous benefits to local communities including educational opportunities and job creation. However, the sustainability of whale-based ecotourism depends on the behavior and health of whale populations and is therefore vital that ecotourism industries consider the impact their activities have on whale reproductive behavior. To address this statement, behavioral data (e.g. direction change, breaching, slap behaviors, diving, and spy hops) were collected from humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in Las Perlas Archipelago off the Pacific coast of Panama to determine if vessel presence had an influence on whale behaviors. Studies were recorded during their breeding season from August through September in 2019. Based on 47 behavioral observations, higher boat density corresponded with humpback whales changing direction which is believed to be a sign of disturbance. This result is important given Panamanian regulations implemented on February 13 of 2007 prohibit whale-based tourism from disturbing whales, which is measured as changes in behavior. Because there is no systematic monitoring of whale watching activity to enforce the regulations, there is currently little compliance among tour operators. The integration of animal behavior research into management planning will result in more effective regulation and compliance of conservation policies. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Biology 2020

TESIS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAGÍSTER EN MARKETING / Melissa Ulloa [Parte I], Christiam Conte [Parte II] / RawJuz es una empresa dedicada al mejoramiento del estilo de vida de las personas motivada por la necesidad de ayudar a otros a sentirse saludables. Los productos son elaborados a mano y procesados 100% de manera natural con la finalidad de preservar todos los nutrientes y vitaminas de frutas y vegetales. Actualmente cuenta con 2 líneas de productos de 12 sabores de jugos en donde combina frutas y vegetales denominados Snacks. La otra línea de producto llamada Detox en donde se proporciona un plan de desintoxicación del cuerpo a través de un programa de toma de jugos. RawJuz va dirigido a un segmento de personas de jóvenes y adultos que comprenden de clase media, media alta y alta que buscan llevar un estilo de vida activo y saludable, ya que por el estilo de vida acelerado que llevan, mantienen una mala alimentación. Su precio por unidad es de $3.90 (Botella 8oz) y $6.90 (Botella 16oz). Los mismos pueden ser encontrados en supermercados, bares de jugos naturales, restaurantes de comidas saludable y por medio de pedidos personalizados a través de las redes sociales, email, llamadas telefónicas, Whatsapp. RawJuz busca posicionarse como la marca número uno en el creciente mercado de jugos prensados en frío y brindar una alimentación sana a todos sus consumidores. Esto lo lograremos con un lanzamiento en enero 2017 que comprenderá en elevar el Topof- Mind de la marca, generar lealtad a RawJuz y ganar espacio en punto de venta. Para alcanzar esto, hemos desarrollado un plan de marketing estratégico en donde se invertirá el 10% de la venta bruta anual 2017 en marketing y publicidad. Implementado el plan de marketing, estimamos que las ventas brutas para el año 2017 serán de $417,000, resultando un incremento en ventas de $73,500. Cabe destacar que es un porcentaje alto en inversión, pero es necesario hacer dicha inversión, ya que las encuestas realizadas arrojaron un resultado de poco conocimiento de la marca y del proceso de prensado en frío (Cold Press).

Dvořák, A. Determination of impact of tax evasion on economy and public budgets of Czech Republic. Diploma thesis. Mendel university Brno, 2019. This diploma thesis deals with the impact of tax leaks into tax havens on the economy and public budgets of Czech Republic. The first part summarizes the theoretical knowledge of this issue. In the second part is conducted analysis of companies with connection to tax havens and is created an estimation of tax gap created by these elaborated companies. The second part consist also from analysis of differences between different tax havens groups.

No description available.

This study deals with the growth and development of higher education in the Canal Zone from 1933 to the present. This study uses information obtained from the special Panama Collection available at the Canal Zone Public Library, government documents, letters, and administrative memoranda on file in the Agency Record Center, interviews, personal correspondence, newspapers, Panama Canal publications, minutes of meetings held by local chapters of Association of University Professors and Advisory Council, annual reports, reports made by Middle States Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools, bulletins, and yearbooks.

No description available.

No description available.

Amphibians harbor beneficial skin bacteria that can contribute to host defense against chytridiomycosis, an infectious disease caused by the lethal fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). However, while skin-associated microbial communities may alter host infection risk, the structure of these complex microbial communities can be impacted by both biotic and abiotic factors. In a series of three studies, I investigated the natural temporal and spatial variation in bacterial communities on the skin of wild and captive-born amphibians using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to characterize bacterial community diversity. First, in a study examining the skin bacterial communities of two sympatric treefrog species (Agalychnis callidryas and Dendropsophus ebraccatus) at a single pond over multiple seasons and years, I found that annual, seasonal, and even daily fluctuations in temperature and rainfall changed the skin bacterial communities on these species. Second, I further investigated the impact of seasonality and rainfall on amphibian skin bacterial communities with a study of the bacterial communities on Craugastor fitzingeri, a common terrestrial species, along a rainfall gradient, and five co-occurring amphibian species at a single site. The strong wet and dry seasonality in the tropical lowland forest impacted the bacterial communities of multiple stream-dwelling co-occurring species, but the nature of the changes differed among the frog species. For C. fitzingeri sampled along the rainfall gradient, I found there was variation in bacterial community structure among sites, although this was not correlated with the latitudinal rainfall gradient. Finally, I investigated the challenges faced by captive-reared Atelopus limosus, an endangered amphibian species, after soft-release into natural habitat with the use of mesocosms. I found that the skin bacterial communities reverted to wild-type fairly quickly, body condition decreased to come closer to wild conspecifics, and 15% of the frogs became infected with Bd during the 27 day trial in mesocosms. Overall, I found that skin bacterial communities of lowland amphibians change across time and space, that variation sometimes correlates with environmental conditions at the time and the site of sampling, and that skin bacterial communities on captive-born frogs revert to wild-frog's state soon after soft-release to natural habitat. / Doctor of Philosophy / Beneficial bacteria found on amphibian skin can provide protection against an infectious disease caused by the lethal amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis), that has been linked with the decline and extinction of amphibian species worldwide. However, while skin bacterial communities may play a key role in determining disease outcome, these complex microbial communities can be impacted by biological and environmental factors. In a series of three studies, I investigated the natural variation in skin bacterial communities on wild and captive-born amphibians through time and space using modern DNA sequencing technologies to characterize bacterial community diversity. First, in a study examining the skin bacterial communities of two treefrog species at a single pond over multiple years and seasons, I found that annual, seasonal, and even daily fluctuations in temperature and rainfall changed the skin bacterial communities on these species. Second, I further investigated the impact of seasonality and rainfall with a study sampling the skin of one common frog species along a rainfall gradient, and five amphibian species at a single site across seasons. The strong wet and dry seasonality in the tropical lowland forest impacted the bacterial communities of multiple species found near streams, but the nature of the changes differed among the different frogs. For the common species sampled along the rainfall gradient, I found there was variation in bacterial community structure among sites, although this was not correlated with the rainfall gradient. Finally, I investigated the challenges faced by captive-reared Atelopus limosus, an endangered amphibian species from Panama, after release into field enclosures in the natural habitat. I found that the skin bacterial communities reverted to wild-type fairly quickly, body mass decreased to come closer to wild frogs of the same species, and 15% of the frogs became infected with the chytrid fungus during the 27 day trial in the field enclosures. Overall, I found that skin bacterial communities of lowland amphibians change across time and space, that variation is sometimes linked with environmental conditions at the time and site of sampling, and that captive-born frogs revert to wild states soon after release to natural habitat.