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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
151

Studies on the seed-setting and on the germination of the seed of indigenous grasses, with particular reference to methods for overcoming delayed germination

Liebenberg, Louis Christian Cronje 04 June 2007 (has links)
Please read the section 05chapter5 (General summary and conclusions, especially p168-170) of this document / Thesis (DSc (Agriculture))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development / unrestricted
152

Influence of Sediment Exposure and Water Depth on Torpedograss Invasion of Lake Okeechobee, Florida

Smith, Dian H. 12 1900 (has links)
Torpedograss (Panicum repens) was first observed in Lake Okeechobee in the 1970s and appears to have displaced an estimated 6,400 ha of native plants, such as spikerush (Eleocharis cellulosa), where inundation depths are often less than 50 cm. Two series of studies evaluated substrate exposure and water depth influences on torpedograss establishment and competitiveness. Results revealed that fragments remain buoyant for extended periods and so facilitate dispersal. Once anchored to exposed substrate fragments can readily root and establish. Subsequently, torpedograss thrives when subjected to inundations to 75 cm and survives prolonged exposure to depths greater than 1 m. These findings suggest that fluctuating water levels contribute to torpedograss dispersal and colonization patterns and that low water levels increase marsh area susceptible to invasion. The competition study found that spikerush grown in monoculture produces significantly more biomass when continually inundated to shallow depths (10 to 20 cm) than when subjected to drier conditions (-25 cm) or greater inundations (80 cm). In contrast, torpedograss establishes more readily on exposed substrate (-25 to 0 cm) compared to inundate substrates. During the first growing season biomass production increases as substrate exposure interval increases. However, during the second year, established torpedograss produces more biomass when grown on intermittently wet (0 cm) compared to permanently dry (-25 cm) or intermittently inundated (10 cm) substrates. No difference in production was observed between substrates permanently inundated (10 cm) and any other regime tested. During the first two years of torpedograss invasion, regardless of treatment, spikerush suppresses invasion and torpedograss had little effect on established spikerush, indicating that spikerush-dominated areas are capable of resisting torpedograss invasion. Even so, disturbances that might cause mortality of long hydroperiod species, such as spikerush, may create open gaps in the native vegetation and thus facilitate torpedograss establishment and expansion.
153

Doses de nitrogênio na cultura do milho e do sorgo em consórcio com forrageiras /

Mateus, Gustavo Pavan, 1976- January 2007 (has links)
Orientador: Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol / Banca: Ciro Antonio Rosolem / Banca: Salatier Buzetti / Banca: Heitor Cantarella / Banca: Waldo Alejandro Ruben Cabezas / Resumo: A consorciação do milho e sorgo com gramíneas forrageiras pode ser utilizada tanto para a formação de pastagens, como a formação de cobertura morta no sistema de semeadura direta. Dentre os nutrientes aplicados nas fertilizações destaca-se o nitrogênio, devido ser o nutriente absorvido em maior quantidade pelas culturas e o que mais influencia na produtividade de grãos, tendo sua dinâmica no sistema solo-planta condicionada pelo manejo. O trabalho de pesquisa constou de dois experimentos que foram instalados na Fazenda Experimental Lageado da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - Campus de Botucatu, num Latossolo Vermelho, cultivado há aproximadamente 5 anos em sistema de semeadura direta. O objetivo dos experimentos foi avaliar o efeito da adubação nitrogenada na cultura do milho e do sorgo no sistema de cultivo solteiro e consorciado com Brachiaria brizantha e Panicum maximum em sistema de semeadura direta e o posterior desempenho das forrageiras. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram representadas por três sistemas de cultivo da cultura produtora de grãos (cultivo solteiro, cultivo com B. brizantha na linha de semeadura e cultivo com P. maximum na linha de semeadura ) e as subparcelas por quatro doses de nitrogênio em cobertura (0, 50, 100 e 200 kg ha-1 de N). Foram avaliados os atributos químicos do solo, as características agronômicas da cultura, os componentes de produção, a diagnose foliar e a produtividade de grãos, além da produção de massa de matéria seca das forrageiras após a colheita da cultura. Tanto para a cultura do milho quanto para o sorgo pode-se inferir que o cultivo consorciado, desde que seja implantado e manejado adequadamente não afeta a produção de grãos em razão de ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Corn and sorghum intercropped with grass can be used both to pasture formation and to soil cover formation in no-tillage system. Nitrogen is prominent among the nutrients applied in fertilizations, because nitrogen is the most absored nutrient by crops and most affect the grains yield, and its dynamic in soil-plant system is conditioned by management. The research consisted of two experiments that were carried out at Lageado Experimental Farm, of Agricultural Science College, campus of Botucatu, in Red Latosol (Oxisol), cultivated to five years in no-tillage system. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilization on corn and sorghum and Brachiaria brizantha and Panicum maximum intercrops in no-tillage system, and the behavior of forages. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with split plot analyses, with four replications. The plot treatments consisted of three modalities of tillage of corn and sorghum (single crop, intercrop with B. brizantha in the row of sowing or and with P. maximum in the row of sowing) and the split plot of four nitrogen rates (0, 50, 100, and 200 kg ha-1 N). It was evaluated the soil chemical attributes, the agronomical characteristics of crop, grains yield, leaf macronutrients content and forages yield. The intercrop system did not affect grain yield of corn and sorghum, because it did not cause negative effects in plant nutrition and growth. Nitrogen fertilization affected grains yield of corn and sorghum independently of the cultivation system. The residual effect of nitrogen applied on corn and sorghum caused an increased forage yield of B. brizantha and P. maximum. No difference was observed among the soil chemical attributes due to different cultivation systems, because of the high fertility of the soil. The highest net...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor
154

Fonte alternativa de nitrogênio na adubação de pastagem de capim-tobiatã /

Silva, Celso Eduardo da. January 2009 (has links)
Orientador: Jozivaldo Prudêncio Gomes de Morais / Banca: Mauro Dal Secco de Oliveira / Banca: Ciniro Costa / Banca: Paulo Roberto de Lima Meireles / Banca: Wagner dos Reis / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar em pastagem de capim-tobiatã (Panicum maximum cv. Tobiatã) o efeito da aplicação de duas fontes de nitrogênio, convencional (uréia) e alternativa (Amiorgan®) em relação a produtividade da pastagem e eficiência de utilização. O experimento foi realizado de janeiro a dezembro de 2008. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado composto por 2 fontes nitrogenadas, uréia e Amiorgan®, com 8 repetições cada. A dose de N utilizada somente no período das águas foi de 50 kg de N/ha/ciclo de pastejo. Produtividade da parte aérea da pastagem e extração e recuperação de nitrogênio pela mesma foram semelhantes entre tratamentos. Como os teores foliares de N estão acima dos recomendados na literatura e a extração e recuperação de N pela planta foram relativamente baixas, sugere-se que efeitos residuais de adubações anteriores tenham influenciado a resposta da pastagem ao estímulo da adubação nitrogenada. / Abstract: This paper aims the evaluation of productivity and efficiency of an alternative nitrogen fertilizer (Amiorgan®) compared with conventional fertilizer in Panicum maximum cv Tobiatã pasture. The experiment was conducted from January to December, 2008. The treatments used two different nitrogen fertilizers: urea and Amiorgan®. The statistical application used was randomized blocks with eight repetitions of each. In the rain season (summer), the nitrogen dosage used was 50 Kg of N/ha/grazing cycle. Area pasture productivity, extraction and recovery of the nitrogen were similar among treatments. As the levels of N found on the leaves is above those recommended in the literature and the extraction and recovery of N by the plant were relatively low, it is suggested that residual effects of previous fertilizations have influenced the response of pasture to the stimulus of nitrogen fertilization. / Doutor
155

Assessing Gene Flow in Switchgrass (<i>Panicum virgatum</i>) and <i>Miscanthus</i> spp.:Implications for Bioenergy Crops

Chang, Hsiaochi 16 September 2015 (has links)
No description available.
156

Genetic Transformation of Switchgrass (Panicum Virgatum L.) with Endoglucanase Gene and Characterization of Plants with Endoglucanase Transgene

Dere, Madhavi Suresh 24 August 2012 (has links)
As a warm season grass native to the North American continent, switchgrass is considered as one of the most promising biofuel crops in the USA. It is a C4 plant that makes it energy efficient. Switchgrass has a deep root system that allows it to grow on marginal land with low water and nutrient input. Switchgrass has been used as a forage crop and its use for biofuel will not affect food security. Biofuels are more environment-friendly than fossil fuels as they do not produce net greenhouse gases. However, the problem of high cost of production per unit for biofuel has to be overcome if we want to replace fossil fuels with biofuels. One of the major factors related to the high cost of biofuel are the expensive cellulase enzymes used in the pretreatment of feedstock. Endoglucanase is the key enzyme used for breaking down cellulose before fermentation. Currently, endoglucanase is produced from engineered E. coli or yeast strains, which is still expensive for enzyme production and purification of industrial scales. Expression of endoglucanase in plants has been previously reported. However, there are no reports of transgenic switchgrass producing cellulase enzyme. In this study, the catalytic domain of beta-endoglucanase gene was codon-optimized and synthesized based on the cDNA cloned from Hypocrea jecorina. Rice RuBisCO small subunit targeting signal peptide was fused to the N-terminus of the beta-endoglucanase gene, which was expected to target the fusion protein to chloroplast. This subcellular compartment targeting could minimize negative effects on cell function and plant development. The endoglucanase gene was cloned with maize ubiquitin promoter in a modified binary vector pCambia 1305-2 and transformed into switchgrass genotype HR8 by using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. In this study, I generated five independent transgenic switchgrass lines and they were confirmed by growing on the selection agent hygromycin, GUS assay, PCR amplification, southern blotting hybridization, for the presence of hygromycin and endoglucanase genes. However, based on RT-PCR analysis, only two transgenic lines were confirmed to produce mRNAs of the endoglucanase gene. These two transgenic lines were further characterized for their agronomic traits and the chlorophyll contents. Our results suggested that expression of endoglucanase in switchgrass could reduce chlorophyll content and affect plant development. Nevertheless, in this study, we demonstrated that a fungal endoglucanase gene could be expressed in switchgrass transgenic plants, though the gene expression level and the subcellular localization need to be carefully regulated in order to minimize the toxic effect of endoglucanase on plant cells. / Master of Science
157

Suprimento de enxofre e o alívio do estresse causado pelo bário em capim tanzânia / Sulfur supply and alleviation of the stress caused by barium in Tanzania guineagrass

Arnon Afonso de Souza Cardoso 24 August 2016 (has links)
Elevada disponibilidade de bário (Ba) no meio de cultivo pode resultar em severa toxidez nas plantas. A toxidez causada pelo metal pesado nas plantas pode ser amenizada pelo fornecimento de nutrientes, particularmente o enxofre (S). Objetivou-se avaliar os parâmetros produtivos, sintomas visuais, estado nutricional, índice SPAD, indicadores de estresse (malondialdeído, peróxido de hidrogênio e prolina) e a atividade de enzimas do sistema antioxidante (glutationa redutase, superóxido dismutase, catalase, ascorbato peroxidase e guaiacol peroxidase) do capim tanzânia (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzânia) cultivado com combinações de doses de S e de Ba na solução nutritiva, em casa de vegetação, em dois ciclos de crescimento das plantas. As plantas foram submetidas às combinações de cinco doses de S (0,1; 1,0; 1,9; 2,8 e 3,7 mmol L-1) com cinco doses de Ba (0,0; 2,5; 5,0; 10,0 e 20,0 mmol L-1), utilizando esquema fatorial fracionado (52), em blocos ao acaso, com seis repetições e seis plantas por unidade experimental. Os parâmetros produtivos e o estado nutricional das plantas foram severamente afetados pelas combinações de S e Ba em ambos os ciclos de crescimento. O aumento na dose de Ba na solução nutritiva prejudicou acentuadamente o crescimento e o estado nutricional das plantas, principalmente na área foliar, e nos nutrientes potássio e magnésio, enquanto o aumento da dose de S amenizou o efeito tóxico do metal. Maiores concentrações de malondialdeído foram observadas nas plantas que apresentaram maior acúmulo do metal pesado. As atividades das enzimas glutationa redutase, catalase e ascorbato peroxidase foram mais altas nas plantas cultivadas com baixo fornecimento de S, enquanto a atividade da guaiacol peroxidase foi aumentada com incremento das doses de Ba e de S. / High barium (Ba) availability in growth medium can cause severe toxicity in plants. Nutrient supply may mitigate heavy metal phytotoxicity, especially the sulphur (S) supply. The study was carried out to evaluate the plant growth, visual symptoms, nutritional status, indicators of stress (malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and proline) and activities of the antioxidant enzymes (glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase) in Tanzania guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzania) grown with combinations of S rates and Ba rates in nutrient solution, in a greenhouse, for two growth periods. Plants received nutrient solutions where combinations of five S rates (0.1, 1.0, 1.9, 2.8 and 3.7 mmol L-1) with five Ba rates (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 mmol L-1) were used in a fractionated factorial (52), in randomized block design, with six replications and six plants per experimental unit. Plant production and nutritional status were highly affected by combinations of S and Ba rates, in both growth periods. Increase on Ba rates impaired growth, mainly on leaf area production. Barium rates impaired nutritional status, mainly on potassium and calcium, while increasing on S rates alleviated Ba toxic effects. High concentrations of malondialdehyde was observed in plants with increase of Ba application. The activities of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase were high in plants grown with low S availability, while guaiacol peroxidase activity was enhanced by increasing Ba and S rates in the nutrient solution.
158

Suprimento de enxofre e o alívio do estresse causado pelo bário em capim tanzânia / Sulfur supply and alleviation of the stress caused by barium in Tanzania guineagrass

Cardoso, Arnon Afonso de Souza 24 August 2016 (has links)
Elevada disponibilidade de bário (Ba) no meio de cultivo pode resultar em severa toxidez nas plantas. A toxidez causada pelo metal pesado nas plantas pode ser amenizada pelo fornecimento de nutrientes, particularmente o enxofre (S). Objetivou-se avaliar os parâmetros produtivos, sintomas visuais, estado nutricional, índice SPAD, indicadores de estresse (malondialdeído, peróxido de hidrogênio e prolina) e a atividade de enzimas do sistema antioxidante (glutationa redutase, superóxido dismutase, catalase, ascorbato peroxidase e guaiacol peroxidase) do capim tanzânia (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzânia) cultivado com combinações de doses de S e de Ba na solução nutritiva, em casa de vegetação, em dois ciclos de crescimento das plantas. As plantas foram submetidas às combinações de cinco doses de S (0,1; 1,0; 1,9; 2,8 e 3,7 mmol L-1) com cinco doses de Ba (0,0; 2,5; 5,0; 10,0 e 20,0 mmol L-1), utilizando esquema fatorial fracionado (52), em blocos ao acaso, com seis repetições e seis plantas por unidade experimental. Os parâmetros produtivos e o estado nutricional das plantas foram severamente afetados pelas combinações de S e Ba em ambos os ciclos de crescimento. O aumento na dose de Ba na solução nutritiva prejudicou acentuadamente o crescimento e o estado nutricional das plantas, principalmente na área foliar, e nos nutrientes potássio e magnésio, enquanto o aumento da dose de S amenizou o efeito tóxico do metal. Maiores concentrações de malondialdeído foram observadas nas plantas que apresentaram maior acúmulo do metal pesado. As atividades das enzimas glutationa redutase, catalase e ascorbato peroxidase foram mais altas nas plantas cultivadas com baixo fornecimento de S, enquanto a atividade da guaiacol peroxidase foi aumentada com incremento das doses de Ba e de S. / High barium (Ba) availability in growth medium can cause severe toxicity in plants. Nutrient supply may mitigate heavy metal phytotoxicity, especially the sulphur (S) supply. The study was carried out to evaluate the plant growth, visual symptoms, nutritional status, indicators of stress (malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and proline) and activities of the antioxidant enzymes (glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase) in Tanzania guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzania) grown with combinations of S rates and Ba rates in nutrient solution, in a greenhouse, for two growth periods. Plants received nutrient solutions where combinations of five S rates (0.1, 1.0, 1.9, 2.8 and 3.7 mmol L-1) with five Ba rates (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 mmol L-1) were used in a fractionated factorial (52), in randomized block design, with six replications and six plants per experimental unit. Plant production and nutritional status were highly affected by combinations of S and Ba rates, in both growth periods. Increase on Ba rates impaired growth, mainly on leaf area production. Barium rates impaired nutritional status, mainly on potassium and calcium, while increasing on S rates alleviated Ba toxic effects. High concentrations of malondialdehyde was observed in plants with increase of Ba application. The activities of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase were high in plants grown with low S availability, while guaiacol peroxidase activity was enhanced by increasing Ba and S rates in the nutrient solution.
159

PRESENÇA DE GRAMÍNEAS FORRAGEIRAS EXÓTICAS EM ÁREA DE FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA DENSA EM BLUMENAU/ SC: PLANTAS FORRAGEIRAS SOB O ENFOQUE DE PLANTAS INVASORAS

Klein, Sabrina Maria 15 September 2009 (has links)
Four forage grasses from botanic alien species - Tripsacum dactyloides, Axonopus scoparius, Panicum maximum and Melinis minutiflora - were found in a fragment of Forest Dense Ombrófila Submontana in process of recruitment, in an urban environment in Blumenau, Santa Catarina state, in the South of Brazil. The vegetation of this forest area was inventoried. The classification of the natural regeneration of secondary vegetation showed a predominance of medium sucessional stages. In initial sucessional stages, herbaceous plants were found among non-native forage grasses. The species Melinis minutiflora and Panicum maximum were found along the border of the fragment, close to highways, isolated and not forming large clumps. Both are recorded in the invasive alien species database managed by the Horus Institute for Environmental Conservation and Development (www.institutohorus.org.br), part of the I3N invasive alien species thematic network, a component of IABIN (Inter American Biodiversity Information Network). Tripsacum dactyloides and Axonopus scoparius don't appear in such a bank, which includes Brazil. Both species were assessed through the software developed by the I3N invasive alien species thematic network, the Risk Assessment Tool for the Establishment and Invasion by nonnative species. The data assessment on Tripsacum dactyloides shows that it poses a high risk for its potential in becoming an invasive species. There was no conclusive resulted about the species Axonopus scoparius due to the inadequacy of information available on the species. / Quatro gramíneas forrageiras exóticas: Tripsacum dactyloides, Axonopus scoparius, Panicum maximum e Melinis minutiflora foram encontradas num fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Densa Submontana do bioma Mata Atlântica em processo de regeneração natural, em Blumenau, SC (ambiente urbano). Foi feita a caracterização da vegetação presente na área através de inventário florestal com a classificação dos estágios sucessionais de regeneração natural indicando a predominância de uma fitocenose em estágio sucessional médio, com presença de área em estágio sucessional inicial. Aí foram diagnosticadas plantas de porte herbáceo, entre as quais as gramíneas forrageiras tropicais exóticas. As espécies Melinis minutiflora e Panicum maximum ocorreram na borda do fragmento, próximo a rodovias, na forma de plantas isoladas. Ambas constam no banco de dados de plantas invasoras da rede temática para espécies exóticas invasoras (I3N) da Rede Interamericana de Informação sobre Biodiversidade (IABIN). Tripsacum dactyloides e Axonopus scoparius não constam em tal banco, que inclui o Brasil. Ambas as espécies foram submetidas ao Software desenvolvido pela rede I3N, a Ferramenta de Análise de Risco de Estabelecimento e Invasão, e segundo a análise desta ferramenta alimentada com os dados obtidos neste trabalho o risco associado à Tripsacum dactyloides de se transformar numa espécie invasora é considerado alto. Não houve resultado conclusivo sobre a espécie Axonopus scoparius devido à insuficiência de informações sobre a espécie.
160

Plantas tóxicas para ruminantes e equídeos na região central de Rondônia / Poisonous plants to ruminants and equines in central region of Rondônia, Northern Brazil

Schons, Sandro de Vargas 11 October 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:38:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_sandro_schons.pdf: 1233196 bytes, checksum: 01fca5f5ba029fd2c4e17eac363400f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-11 / A survey about the presence of toxic plants and the occurrence of outbreaks of poisoning in ruminants and horses was performed in 12 municipalities of the central region of the state of Rondônia. Ninety eight persons were interviewed, including farmers, veterinary practitioners, agronomists, and agrarian technicians. Sixteen plants, previously known as toxic, were mentioned by the interviewed, including Palicourea marcgravii in 80% of the interviews, Asclepias curassavica in 79%, Palicourea grandiflora in 67%, Brachiaria spp. in 66%, Enterolobium contortisiliquum in 65%, Pteridium aquilium em 57%, Brachiaria radicans in 50%, Lantana camara in 47%, Senna occidentalis in 40%, Ricinus communis in 33%, Manihot esculenta in 33%, Ipomea carnea in 20%, Ipomoea asarifolia in 17%, Palicourea juruana in 17%, Crotalaria spp. in 16%, and Arrabidaea bilabiata in 6%. Thirty four farmers reported poisoning by toxic plants, including poisoning by Palicourea marcgravii (12 outbreaks), Palicourea grandiflora and Enterolobium contortisiliquum (seven outbreaks each), and Palicourea juruana, Brachiaria radicans, Brachiaria brizantha, and Manihot esculenta (two outbreaks each). In sheep, farmers reported two outbreaks of photosensitization caused by Brachiaria decumbens and one outbreak of sudden death caused by Palicourea grandiflora. In the 34 outbreaks, 374 (8,9%) bovines were affected and 311 (7,4%) died, from a total of 4.192 cattle exposed. In the three outbreaks in sheep, 28 animals were affected and 20 died out of 250 exposed. Amorimia sepium, a previously unreported toxic plant, was identified as a cause of sudden death in sheep and cattle in 32% of the farms. Fifteen outbreaks of colic in horses grazing Panicum maximum (cultivars Massai, Tanzânia, and Mombaça) during the rainy season were also reported. Experiments were conducted with Enterolobium spp., Amorimia sepium and Panicum maximum. It is concluded that poisoning by toxic plants is an important cause of economic losses in livestock in the region studied. With the results of this research the number of known toxic plant for ruminants in central region of Rondônia increased from one to nine, indicating that more research is necessary for the knowledge of poisonous plants for livestock in the Brazilian Amazonic region. / Foi realizado um levantamento em 12 municípios da região central de Rondônia sobre a presença de plantas tóxicas e ocorrência de surtos de intoxicação através da utilização de um questionário aplicado a veterinários, agrônomos, zootecnistas e produtores rurais com o objetivo de identificar as principais plantas tóxicas que ocorrem na região e determinar sua importância econômica. Foram realizadas 98 entrevistas sendo identificadas 16 plantas tóxicas previamente conhecidas. Palicourea marcgravii foi mencionada em 80% das entrevistas, Asclepias curassavica em 79%, Palicourea grandiflora em 67%, Brachiaria sp. em 66%, Enterolobium contortisiliquum em 65%, Pteridium aquilium em 57%, Brachiaria radicans em 50%, Lantana camara em 47%, Senna occidentalis em 40%, Ricinus communis em 33%, Manihot esculenta em 33%, Ipomea carnea em 20%, Ipomoea asarifolia em17%, Palicourea juruana em 17%, Crotalaria sp. em 16% e Arrabidaea bilabiata em 6%. Três outras plantas foram mencionadas como suspeitas de serem tóxicas sendo confirmada a toxicidade de Amorimia sepium, para bovinos e ovinos, que estava presente em 32% das propriedades. Trinta e quatro produtores relataram casos de intoxicação por uma ou mais plantas comprovadamente tóxicas como: Palicourea marcgravii (12 surtos), Palicourea grandiflora (7 surtos), Palicourea juruana (2 surtos), Brachiaria radicans (2 surtos), Enterolobium contortisiliquum (7 surtos), Brachiaria brizantha (2 surtos) e Manihot esculenta (2 surtos). Em ovinos foram relatados dois surtos de fotossensiblização por Brachiaria decumbens e um surto de mortalidade por Palicourea grandiflora. Dos 34 surtos relatados pelos entrevistados, 374 (8,9%) bovinos foram afetados e 311 (7,4%) morreram de um total de 4.192 bovinos de ambos os sexos sob risco. Em ovinos os três surtos de intoxicação relatados afetaram 28 animais dos quais 20 morreram de um total de 250 sob risco. Casos de cólica em equídeos que pastavam variedades de Panicum maximum (Massai, Tanzânia e Mombaça) durante o período das chuvas foram, também, observados. Foram realizados experimentos de reprodução experimental com Enterolobium, Amorimia sepium e Panicum maximum. Os resultados do presente trabalho demonstraram que várias plantas tóxicas ocorrem na região central do Estado de Rondônia causando surtos de mortalidade em ruminantes e equídeos. Verificou-se que Amorimia sepium, que não havia sido, ainda, identificada como tóxica é uma importante causa de morte súbita em ovinos e bovinos, comprovada por reprodução experimental. O número de plantas tóxicas com a confirmação de ocorrência de surtos com mortalidade na região passou de um para nove, o que confirma que um trabalho sistemático de investigação nesta área é necessário para o real conhecimento da importância das intoxicações por plantas na região.

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