Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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Submitted by Neusa Fagundes (neusa.fagundes@unioeste.br) on 2017-09-13T18:14:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cleiser_Langaro2017.pdf: 2991209 bytes, checksum: ea58d65714563fe04dbc692b538a125e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-13T18:14:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cleiser_Langaro2017.pdf: 2991209 bytes, checksum: ea58d65714563fe04dbc692b538a125e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-30 / This paper is an outcome of the comparison between the works "Gargantua and Pantagruel" (2009), written by François Rabelais in the transition from the Middle Ages to Renaissance, and the works "Sucupira, ame-a ou deixe-a: venturas e desventuras de Zeca Diabo e sua gente na terra de Odorico, o bem amado" (1982), O berço do herói (1990) and Saramandaia (1976-2013), written by twentieth century Brazilian writer and playwright Dias Gomes. The dialog proposed from style and a comic vision of the world guided a comparative analysis of the esthetic projections in the works. A reflection about the esthetics of grotesque realism, the creature-esque, its variations and about the cultural aspect of Rabelais-ish, mocking and witty kind of humor established the dialogue with Dias Gomes' current-day productions, starting from the themes, situations, characters and images that translate the popular comic culture. Dias Gomes approached and re-signified -- in his comic and satirical works -- subjects and style aspects found in Gargantua and Pantagruel. Studies point out to these writers' interest in interfering with the readers' worldview and in generating or boosting reflections that walk the opposite way of the hegemonic powers and the official political and religious regime -- not to mention the rules of aesthetics. Farce and the mocking and witty humor, as well as the creature-centered realism, the low body material, everyday talk topics and language used in the family are phenomena that bring characters, themes and situations narrated by the Brazilian playwright closer to the works of Rabelais. The style of Rabelais echoes in the productions of Dias Gomes. / O presente estudo resultou do cotejamento entre as obras Gargântua e Pantagruel (2009), de François Rabelais, escrita no período de transição da Idade Média para o Renascimento e as obras Sucupira, ame-a ou deixe-a: venturas e desventuras de Zeca Diabo e sua gente na terra de Odorico, o bem amado (1982), O Berço do Herói (1990) e Saramandaia (1976-2013), de Dias Gomes, escritor e dramaturgo brasileiro do século XX. O diálogo proposto a partir do estilo e da visão cômica do mundo norteou a análise comparativa das elaborações estéticas nas obras. A reflexão sobre a estética do realismo grotesco, criatural, suas variações e sobre o lastro cultural do riso rabelaisiano, carnavalesco e ambivalente, estabeleceu o diálogo com as produções contemporâneas de Dias Gomes a partir dos temas, situações, personagens e imagens que traduzem a cultura cômica popular. Dias Gomes abordou e ressignificou, em suas obras cômicas e satíricas, temas e aspectos estilísticos presentes em Gargântua e Pantagruel. Os estudos constataram o interesse dos escritores em interferir na cosmovisão do leitor, cada qual em sua temporalidade, e gerar ou impulsionar reflexões na contramão da ordem hegemônica e do regime político/religioso oficial, bem como das normas estéticas. A farsa e o riso carnavalesco e ambivalente, o realismo grotesco, o realismo criatural, o baixo material corporal, os temas da praça pública e a linguagem familiar constituem-se como fenômenos que aproximam personagens, temas e situações narradas pelo dramaturgo brasileiro à obra de Rabelais. O estilo de Rabelais ecoa nas produções de Dias Gomes.

Political thinkers of the Renaissance, foremost among them Niccolò Machiavelli and Desiderius Erasmus, authored works commonly referred to as “mirrors of princes.” These writings described how princes should rule, and also often recommended a certain arrangement or relationship between the intellectual class and the political powers. François Rabelais’s five books of Pantagruel also depict and recommend a new relationship between these elements of society. For Rabelais, the tenets of a philosophy that he calls Pantagruelism set the terms between philosophers and rulers. Pantagruelism, defined in Rabelais’s Quart Livre as “gaiety of spirit confected in contempt for fortuitous things,” suggest a measured attitude toward politics. Rabelais’s prince, Pantagruel, accordingly rejects the tendencies of ancient thinkers such as Diogenes the Cynic who viewed politics as futile. Yet Pantagruel also rejects the anti-theoretical disposition of modern thinkers such as Machiavelli who placed too much confidence in politics. I demonstrate how Rabelais warns against the philosophers’ entrance into public service, and how he simultaneously promotes a less selfish philosophy than that of Diogenes. I argue that Pantagruel’s correction of his friend Panurge through the consultations of experts regarding the latter’s marriage problem shows that fortune will always trouble human life and politics. I also argue that Pantagruel’s rule over the kingdom of Utopia exemplifies a Socratic form of rule—reluctant rule—which relies on a trust that necessity (embodied in the Tiers Livre in the Pantagruelion plant) and not fortune (embodied in the Tiers Livre in Panurge’s future wife) governs the world, including the political world.

v anglickém jazyce: This thesis mainly analyzes the five-part novel Gargantua and Pantagruel written by the French author Francois Rabelais. Emphasis is based particularly on an inclusion of Rabelais's work in historical and literary context of the period of transformation between medieval and Renaissance society. More specifically, it deals with the author's humanist opinion and his critique of contemporary society, which is the main line of the work itself. The aim of our thesis is especially an attempt to outline the various possible meanings of the terms « road or path » and « stranger » in Rabelais's work and explain the role of these thematic concepts in the author's concept of criticism of society.