Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2006. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2004. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Univ., 2006. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

No description available.

In this project a PCR primer library was created to facilitate the amplification of DNA of parasites that are morphologically indistinguishable. The aim of this paper is to present a PCR primer library which is applicable to many of the species of interest, as well as creating a protocol for handling samples that contain more than one unknown species. The results presented in this rapport were achieved by means of literature studies as well as in silico primer design and validation. The literature studies focused mainly on finding pre-existing primers, whilst the phylogenetic studies retrieved information necessary for primer design. Each primer, whether achieved through literature or in silico assembly, was validated according to certain predefined criterion. The finalized PCR primer library contains 96 primers covering a total of 789 parasites. Beyond this, multiple primers that did not meet our criterion are presented. This due to promising results from the studies in which these were used. An ethical analysis of treatment against parasites was conducted. Finally, how to use the library is discussed containing relevant methods that could be helpful to further develop a detailed protocol. Methods such as Sanger sequencing, Next-generation sequencing and gel electrophoresis are in focus.

The fungal domain has one of the highest biodiversities among eukaryotes and species within the domain fill important ecological roles, such as mutualistic mycorrhiza, decomposers, parasites and pathogens. The development of forest ecosystems and their related processes has not only been linked to fungal diversity but the composition and abundance of fungi benefits the abundance and diversity of other species as well. In this study three questions concerning the differences in the fungal communities between mixed forests and coniferous forests were considered. Inventories were done in coniferous forest and mixed forest areas classified as nature reserves and later statistically analyzed. The study could show that while the probability of finding ectomycorrhiza was significantly higher in mixed forests than coniferous forests, the probability of finding saprotrophs was significantly higher in coniferous forests than in mixed forests. Results in contrast to other studies were also found. The study revealed that more is needed to be done on the topic of forest fungi in mixed forest and coniferous forest areas. / Svampdomänen har en av de högsta biologiska mångfalderna bland eukaryoter och domänens arter innehar viktiga ekologiska roller, såsom mutualistisk mykorrhiza, nedbrytare, parasiter och patogener. Utvecklingen av skogsekosystem och deras relaterade processer har inte bara kopplats till svampdiversitet utan svamparnas sammansättning och förekomst gynnar också förekomst av och mångfald hos andra arter. I denna studie behandlades tre frågor om skillnaderna i svampsamhällen mellan blandskogar och barrskogar. Inventeringar gjordes i barrskogs- och blandskogsområden klassificerade som naturreservat och analyserades senare statistiskt. Studien kunde visa att även om sannolikheten för att hitta ektomykorrhiza var signifikant högre i blandskogar än barrskogar, var sannolikheten för att hitta saprotrofer signifikant högre i barrskogar än i blandskogar. Resultat i motsats till andra studier hittades också. Studien visade att det behövs mer forskning om skogssvampar i blandskog och barrskogsområden.