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Influences of Current Parent-Child Relationships on Young Adults' Romantic DevelopmentRader, Heather Noble 08 1900 (has links)
In this study, the supportive nature of the parent-child relationship was examined for how it relates to young adults' romantic development, as measured by indicators of attachment relationship importance and romantic involvement. Attachment and social support theories suggest that parents continue to play an important role as their young adult children form romantic relationships. Prior research has indicated that perceived support from parents is positively related to young adults' expressing attachment relationship importance, as evidenced by attachment motivation and engaging in exploration about romantic relationship topics. Furthermore, support from parents has been negatively related to romantic and sexual involvement. Therefore, it was believed that support in the parent-child relationship would predict both the indicators of attachment relationship importance and the indicators of romantic involvement in the present study. Additionally, an interaction of parental support and participants' gender was expected for the indicators of attachment relationship importance but not romantic involvement. A sample of 157 women and 144 men, ages 18-22 completed questionnaires. These measures assessed the supportive quality of relationships with each parent and indicators of the young adults' romantic development. For the indicators of attachment relationship importance, results indicated that exploration was predicted by gender and a conflictual relationship with father while motivation was predicted by a supportive relationship with father. Regarding the indicators of romantic involvement, sexual involvement was predicted by gender. Given these unexpected results, the role of parental support in young adults' romantic development continues to appear important, though the nature of its influence needs further research. Theoretical and methodological issues were discussed in light of these findings.
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Parent Behaviors as Predictors of Peer Acceptance in Children With and Without Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity DisorderDurrant, Sarah L. 08 1900 (has links)
It has been theorized that parents indirectly influence children's peer functioning through aspects of the parent-child relationship. One specific group of children that exhibit significant problems with peers and in interactions with parents is children diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Given the limited research examining family-peer links in children with ADHD, the purpose of the current study was to examine the association between aspects of the parent-child relationship and peer functioning in boys and girls with and without ADHD. In the current study, participants included 91 boys and girls between the ages of 7 and 11 years old and their parents. Fifty-four of these children were previously diagnosed with ADHD, Combined or Hyperactive/Impulsive Type. Parents and children participated in a parent-child interaction and then completed several measures assessing the parent-child relationship and peer acceptance. Teacher reports of peer acceptance were also obtained. The results of a multiple regression indicate some support for a family-peer links in children with ADHD. Positive parental affect expressed during a parent-child interaction was the strongest predictor of child-reported peer acceptance in children diagnosed with ADHD. However, parents making positive comments about the child or giving physical affection to the child during parent-child interactions did not predict children's peer acceptance. Negative parenting behaviors showed trends toward significance in predicting lower level's of child-reported peer acceptance in both children with ADHD and undiagnosed children. Parents making negative comments about the child appeared to be the most important predictor of low peer acceptance. Parent and child reports of parental rejection failed to show a significant effect for peer acceptance in both children with ADHD and undiagnosed children. However, among children with ADHD, child-reported parental rejection approached significance as a predictor of peer acceptance. Overall, the results of the current study lend some support to the theory that parents of children with ADHD indirectly affect their children's peer acceptance through parent behaviors. Clinically, these results suggest that interventions with children with ADHD could also focus on parents expression of positive affect and decreasing negative comments. The limitations of the current study and directions for future research will be presented.
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Retrospective Perceptions of Early Parent-Child Relations and Occupational OrientationSmith, Richard E. 12 1900 (has links)
The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between early perceptions of parent-child relations, as measured by the Roe and Siegelman Parent-Child Relations Questionnaire (PCR), and the occupational orientation of the child, as measured by the Strong Vocational Interest Blank (SVIB).
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First-Time Parenthood: Attachment, Family Variables, Emotional Reactions, and Task Responsibilities as Predictors Of StressAbbott, Donna Christine 12 1900 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to explore factors which are predictive of parenting stress for first-time parents. Based on attachment theory and empirical research, the factors investigated were the responsibility for child care and housework, the current and retrospective relationship with the family of origin, the change in emotions related to parenthood, the marital relationship, and attachment and individuation.
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The Effects of a Parent Program Focused Upon Enhancing Social-Emotional Development of Young Children Through Parent Instruction in Affective-Interpersonal FacilitationWawrykow, Lea Anna 12 1900 (has links)
Twenty-seven parents with young children were randomly assigned to an experimental group which underwent an affective skill-building program, or one of two control groups. Pre and postassessments measured levels of communication, discrimination, and child vocalization for each parent. Multilinear regression analysis indicated that final communication skills among the three groups were significantly different. Final communication skills of the experimental group were significantly greater than those of the Hawthorne control group. Final discrimination skills for the three groups showed a trend toward being significantly different. Levels of child vocalization did not show significant changes. The experimental program was successful in improving accurate parent-child communication in the affective realm.
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Longitudinal Relations between Parental Monitoring, Parental Acceptance, and Externalizing Behaviors among Urban African American AdolescentsGarthe, Rachel 11 April 2014 (has links)
The prevalence of aggression and delinquency increase during adolescence and are associated with psychosocial adjustment difficulties. It is important to identify aspects of the parent-adolescent relationship that may protect adolescents from these externalizing behaviors. The current study examined longitudinal relations between parental monitoring behaviors, child disclosure, and externalizing behaviors. Participants included 326 African American adolescents and their primary maternal caregivers, recruited from urban neighborhoods characterized by high rates of violence and low socioeconomic status. Participants provided data annually (three waves across two-year timeframe) through face-to-face interviews. Results of longitudinal path models showed that child disclosure predicted parental knowledge, and parental knowledge was associated with fewer externalizing outcomes. Higher levels of parental control predicted less child disclosure. Finally, parental acceptance predicted fewer child-reported delinquent behaviors through increased levels of child disclosure. Implications suggest that parent-adolescent communication and parental acceptance are protective factors, associated with decreased externalizing outcomes in African American youth.
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Let's Talk Tobacco: African American Parent-Adolescent Communication About Tobacco Use Within the Context of Parental SmokingPope, Michell 01 January 2015 (has links)
Tobacco use and the associated health risks are a major public health concern. Research suggests that parents’ own tobacco use, caregiver-adolescent antismoking communication, and parenting practices (e.g., prompting, parental monitoring) may work to influence adolescents’ tobacco-related attitudes and behavioral outcomes (e.g., refusal efficacy, intentions to use and actual use). Although historically African American adolescents have exhibited lower rates of tobacco use than their racial/ethnic counterparts, there is growing evidence to suggest that this may be changing because of increased use of tobacco products and/or underreporting of the use of alternative tobacco products or ATPs (e.g., cigars, cigarillos), among this population. The present study recruited a community-based sample of 101 urban African American caregivers that smoke (M = 41.1/SD = 9.9), and their adolescents between the ages of 12-17 (M = 14.4/SD = 1.9) to examine how caregiver tobacco-related messages (both verbal and non-verbal) shape adolescents’ tobacco attitudes, and behaviors. Dyads completed paper-pencil surveys separately and were compensated for their time and effort. A majority of the caregivers were single and living in low-income and public housing communities. Results from the analyses revealed high rates of adolescent tobacco use (lifetime) of both cigarettes and alternative tobacco products, and prompting (e.g., caregivers’ request that adolescents retrieve, buy, or smoke tobacco products with them). The findings also showed that all of the caregiver variables including: prompting, monitoring, as well as caregiver antismoking messages together impacted adolescents’ tobacco-related outcomes including their attitudes about tobacco, refusal efficacy and their intentions to use (at six months and adulthood), and their actual use.
These findings underscore the need for more tobacco education that includes not only adolescents, but also parents, and other important caregivers (e.g., extended kin/family members) that helps increases knowledge surrounding the dangers of parental prompting, the importance of parental monitoring of youths whereabouts and peers, as well as parent-adolescent antismoking communication in reducing the prevalence of adolescent smoking/tobacco use (including the use of ATPs). This study also highlights the need for tobacco control and policies that limit adolescents’ exposure and access to tobacco products particularly among African Americans living in disadvantaged neighborhoods.
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The Effect of Child Characteristics and Environmental Demands on Parenting Across Intact and Divorced Families: An Exploratory ViewStevenson, Jennifer L. 01 January 2007 (has links)
Minimal attention has been directed toward learning how children may influence parenting practices and styles within a divorce setting, and - more significantly - how children may influence the co-parenting practices and behaviors of divorced parents. The roles of child temperament, parenting, and their reciprocal interaction werereviewed as they relate to the development of externalizing and internalizing problems in childhood. Literature regarding the impact of divorce on the parent-child relationship was also discussed. A cluster analytic approach was utilized in order to identify three groups of individuals with internalizing, externalizing, and adaptive characteristics. Parenting features were then evaluated across both intact and divorced family settings to explore for any influence of the child and the environmental demands on parenting. Only one significant interaction was revealed between marital status and child characteristics in relation to maternal discipline. Significant findings were discussed within light of prior literature.
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Explorando a imagem corporal de crianças com deficiência física congênita: limites, traços e riscos / Exploring the body image of children with congenital physical disabilities: limits, traits and riskSilva, Diego Rodrigues 30 May 2017 (has links)
A deficiência é compreendida como uma articulação entre os aspectos orgânicos, ambientais e pessoais. O resultado final do cruzamento destes fatores engendra o quadro final observado. No entanto, pouco se produziu sobre esta incidência dos fatores pessoais. A literatura propõe que crianças com deficiência física apresentam prejuízos na imagem corporal, associando alterações orgânicas com dificuldades do eu. Entretanto, estabelecem associações diretas e não indicam de que modo este eu prejudicado poderia compor o quadro da deficiência. Desta forma, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo explorar a imagem corporal no processo de constituição subjetiva de crianças com deficiência física congênita. Neste recorte, buscou-se investigar como o corpo incide sobre o sujeito e quais os efeitos da incidência do sujeito sobre o corpo. Para tal, é realizada uma revisão da literatura e a coleta de casos cínicos utilizando a Avaliação Psicanalítica aos 3 Anos (AP3) e o Desenho da Figura Humana (DFH) em duas crianças com deficiência física e seus pais, seguindo o método clínico-qualitativo. Foi observado que nestes casos existem riscos de prejuízos da imagem corporal por conta de especificidades do quadro orgânico, como o excesso de intervenções e manipulações; manifestações do corpo, como movimentos involuntários, que rompem o simbólico e o imaginário e o uso de próteses/órteses. Estes dados orgânicos foram atrelados às significações e identificações que se oferecem ao eu, somadas as já presentes na rede significante na qual a \"deficiência\" está inserida. Desta forma, verificou-se que tais identificações podem levar a danos secundários à deficiência, compondo seu quadro final. Os prejuízos na imagem corporal foram atrelados às demais manifestações do inconsciente, indicando no processo de constituição subjetiva e no exercício das funções parentais as bases da imagem corporal e das organizações pessoais que irão tomar o corpo e a deficiência. Frente aos dados, foram feitas considerações às áreas afins que podem se beneficiar do trabalho em equipe com o psicanalista e psicólogo. Concluindo, a pesquisa aponta para a noção de risco, seja de prejuízos da imagem corporal quanto de constituição do sujeito, levantando questões como o desenvolvimento de uma clínica preventiva e o estudo das reações frente à deficiência, o que se estende as diferentes deficiências dada a marca significante que carregam / Disability is understood as a combination of organic, environmental and personal aspects. The final result of the blend of these factors produces the condition observed. However, little has been written about the effects of these personal aspects. Literature suggests that children with physical disabilities suffer damage to their body image, and associates organic alterations with difficulties of the ego. However, although it makes direct associations, it fails to indicate how this impaired ego might be part of the overall picture of the disability. Thus, the aim of this research is to explore body image in the process of the subjective constitution of children with congenital physical disabilities. How the body affects the subject and the effects of the subject on the body were investigated. To this end, a review of the literature was made and data on clinical cases was collected, using the clinical-qualitative method, by performing the Psychoanalytic Assessment of 3-year-olds (PA3) and the Human Figure Drawing (HFD) on two children with physical disabilities and their parents. It was observed that in these cases, there is risk of damage to body image due to specificities of the organic condition such as excessive interventions and manipulation; body manifestations such as involuntary movements, which break the symbolic and the imaginary; and the use of prosthesis/orthosis. These organic data were linked to the meanings and identifications offered to the ego, in addition to those already present in the signifier\'s network in which the \"disability\" is contained. Thus, it was verified that these identifications can lead to damages secondary to the disability, composing its overall picture. Damages to body image were linked to other manifestations of the unconscious, indicating the bases of the body image and personal organization that the body and the disability will take on in the process of subjective constitution and the exercise of parental functions. Based on the data, considerations were made regarding related areas that might benefit from working jointly with psychoanalysts and psychologists. To conclude, the research points to the notion of risk, whether of damage to body image or to the constitution of the subject, raising questions such as the need for a preventative practice and the study of reaction to disability, which extends to different disabilities according to their particular signifier
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Blended: a memoirUnknown Date (has links)
Blended: A Memoir is the author's recollection of her endeavors to overcome the difficulties that often accompany becoming a stepmother and build a "seamless" family. / by Abbe Greenberg. / Thesis (M.F.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2013. / Includes bibliography. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / System requirements: Adobe Reader.
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