The purpose of this study is to examine some aspects the Parent Teacher Association through designing a questionnaire, administering it to individuals involved to some degree in the organization, evaluating the data received, and then making knowledgeable observations about it. The specific aspects to be examined are its role and its communication of goals and programs as seen by several groups. Although the scope is limited to the Texas PTA, attitudes toward PTA in general are reflected in the responses.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relations of the different channels of the (parent-teacher) association, the functions of the association, and the work that the thirteenth district of Texas is doing through its different channels.

The problem of this study is to analyze the reasons for attendance and lack of attendance at Parent-Teacher Association meetings of sixty selected parents of the Parent-Teacher Association in the Robert E. Lee School, Denton, Texas.

The problem under consideration in this study is one having to do with an attempted analysis of the efficiency and worth of parent-teacher associations in the schools of North Texas.

Bullying is a pervasive and disruptive issue in the schools (Stockdale, Hanguduambo, Duys, Larson, & Sarvela, 2002). It has been shown to have serious negative consequences for students who are frequently targeted, including lower academic achievement, lower self-esteem, and more interpersonal problems in adulthood compared to their non-targeted peers (Eisenberg & Aalsma, 2005; Olweus & Limber, 1999; Rigby, 2003; Smokowski & Kopasz, 2005; Yoneyama & Rigby, 2006). However, when parents are engaged as active members of the school community, significant benefits accrue for children, educators, and parents. Such benefits include improved grades and test scores for students, greater job satisfaction among teachers, and decreased likelihood that children will be involved in bullying behaviors (Christenson, 1996; Spriggs, Iannotti, Nansel, & Haynie, 2007). Despite the important role parents play in their child's success in school, there is little research concerning parents' perceptions of bullying behaviors in schools. This research project surveyed parents in order to understand their perspectives regarding bullying prevalence, type, and intervention efforts taking place in schools. This was done through a survey administered at a statewide Parent Teacher Association Conference in Provo, Utah, in May 2008. Because attendees at the conference were assumed to be fairly involved in the local schools, the results of this study were expected to represent the perceptions of parents who are involved in the school community. The findings indicated that almost half (42.9–48.1%) of these parents are hearing their child report about verbal and relational bullying at least once a week. Parents noted that they are personally intervening in bullying situations approximately once each school year. Parents responded that they believe students are most at-risk for being bullied between classes, during break periods, and after school, as well as on the playground, on the school bus, and in the hallways, bathrooms, and school cafeteria. Overall, parents rated the most frequently used interventions as somewhat effective in combating bullying in their child's school. Such interventions included counseling or talking with the bully, suspension, and time-out for the bully following an incident.

本研究旨在瞭解臺北市國民中學家長會之運作現況，分析家長會參與學校事務、學校支援方面的認知與成效，再依據研究結果，提出建議，做為家長會運作之參考。 本研究方法為問卷調查法。研究對象為臺北市家長會成員。問卷回收後分別以描述統計，獨立樣本t考驗、單因子變異數分析等統計方法分析。根據研究結果將結論分析歸納如下： 一、臺北市國民中學家長會在會務推動方面受家長肯定，惟家長普遍對家長會功能認知有偏低現象。 二、臺北市國民中學家長會運作在校務參與方面最重視班級經營。 三、臺北市國民中學家長會願意協助學校發展，其中人力或財力為協助學校最直接且有利的方式。 四、臺北市國民中學家長會運作正常，具備組織與成效，且對學校教育效能有所助益。 五、臺北市國民中學家長在家長會的參與及運作時不受其背景變項影響。 最後，依據研究結論，提出幾點建議提供家長會、學校、主管教育行政機關及後續相關研究做參考。 / This study aims to understand where PTA (parent teacher associations of Taipei city’s junior high schools) stands, assessment of current operation and function and involvement regarding to the parents. Based upon the full analysis, we made suggestions for PTA. Questionnaires are given to respondents who were parents, splintered by groups for the sake of statistics of those samples. We have achieved the following conclusions: 1.Parents felt positive to PTA for pushing forward agenda, but had low comprehension as to PTA’s functions. 2.PTA in daily operation placed most importance was class operation. 3.Parents were willingly to support school, by means of most straight forward: either manpower or financial support. 4.PTA remained well operational, organized and efficient, which enhanced scholastic functions. 5.PTA were not affected by background of parents (income and social status, etc.) According to the research result, we had achieved the conclusions and would like to propose to PTA, schools, and the scholastic administrative unit for better understanding and further improvement.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:32:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana Marcela Baccarat Teixeira Lino.pdf: 710878 bytes, checksum: ae5d141bd99601126618315668f94851 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study begins with the following question: what are the characteristics and actions / contributions of a Parent-Teacher Association (PTA), considered active by the school community, to the institution which is part? The dissertation therefore pursued the overall objective of studying the characteristics and contributions of an active PTA considered by the school community to the institution which is part and the following specific objectives: 1) identify the characteristics of a PTA, under the law, and the real characteristics of PTA studied. Studying what the school creates in relation to the functions of the PTA, according to their local organization and culture. To analyze the relationship between the characteristics legal / formal PTA with a non-formal and informal characteristics, 2) identify the existence of contributions of PTA studied from the standpoints of formal and informal, financial, educational process of students and participation of parents and community to school. Identify which actions are performed by the PTA and how they occur. Studying what aspects that favor or hinder such actions, and 3) examine whether the PTA studied has traits of democratic performance. The PTA is one of the collegiate school and aims to: assist in the improvement of the educational process, assist the student and integrate family-school-community. To answer the original question and the general and specific objectives, this investigation worked with the theoretical references: Lima (2008), Canario (2005) and Apple (2001). From Lima were utilized the concepts of mode of operation diptych of the school as an organization and the perspective neotaylorista in school administration. From Canario the concepts that helped in the production of analyzes were: school totality, school as an organization and not as administrative unit and school as form, organization and institution. From Apple was used the concept of democratic school. As a methodological procedure I chose a documentary and empirical research with a qualitative approach which included the study of national and Sao Paulo laws and monitoring the practice of a PTA considered active for a public state school in Sao Paulo, located in the state capital. The research consisted of visits to the institution for observation of PTA meetings and interviews with parents and school managers, members of the collegiate. The initial hypotheses of this research, which could be confirmed during the study, are presented with the results of the PTA operates in accordance with the school community, working more for non-formal and informal rules, established under the organization's own specific school, more than by formal, and, lastly, that the contributions / actions of PTA studied to school at different intensities occurred in the financial, educational process and participation of parents and the community / O presente estudo parte da seguinte questão: quais as características e ações/contribuições de uma Associação de Pais e Mestres (APM), considerada atuante pela comunidade escolar, para a escola da qual faz parte? A dissertação, portanto, perseguiu o objetivo geral de estudar as características e contribuições de uma APM considerada atuante pela comunidade escolar para a escola da qual faz parte e os seguintes objetivos específicos: 1) identificar as características de uma APM, segundo a legislação, e as características reais da APM estudada. Estudar o que a escola cria em relação às funções da APM, de acordo com sua organização local e cultura própria. Analisar a relação entre as características legais/formais de uma APM com as características não formais e informais da APM estudada; 2) identificar a existência de contribuições da APM estudada, do ponto de vista formal e informal, nas áreas financeira, processo educativo dos alunos e participação dos pais e da comunidade para a escola. Identificar quais são as ações realizadas pela APM e como elas ocorrem. Estudar quais os aspectos que favorecem ou impedem essas ações; e 3) analisar se a APM estudada possui traços de atuação democrática. A APM é um dos colegiados da escola e tem como objetivos: colaborar no aprimoramento do processo educacional, na assistência ao escolar e na integração família-escola-comunidade. Para responder à questão inicial e ao objetivo geral e aos específicos esta investigação trabalhou com os referenciais teóricos: Lima (2008), Canário (2005) e Apple (2001). De Lima foram estudados os conceitos de modo de funcionamento díptico da escola como organização e perspectiva neotaylorista na administração escolar. De Canário os conceitos que ajudaram na produção das análises foram: totalidade da escola, escola como organização e não como unidade administrativa e escola como forma, organização e instituição. De Apple foi usado o conceito de escola democrática. Como procedimento metodológico optou-se por uma pesquisa documental e empírica, com abordagem qualitativa a qual incluiu o estudo das leis nacionais e paulistas e o acompanhamento da prática de uma APM considerada atuante de uma escola estadual de São Paulo, localizada na capital paulista. A pesquisa da escola consistiu em visitas à instituição de ensino para observação das reuniões da APM e entrevistas com pais e gestor da escola, membros da instância participativa. As hipóteses iniciais desta pesquisa, as quais puderam ser comprovadas durante a pesquisa são apresentadas com os resultados de que a APM atuante de acordo com a comunidade escolar funcionou mais pelas regras informais e não formais, criadas no âmbito específico e próprio da organização escolar, do que pelas formais; e que as contribuições/ações da APM estudada para a escola ocorreram em intensidades diferentes nas áreas financeira, processo educativo e participação dos pais e da comunidade

本研究旨在從國中女性校長與家長會互動之實際經驗，以微觀之角度深入該場域現象，來探討女性校長與家長會互動之脈絡。首先探討八位女性校長與家長會互動之實際個別經驗，其次分析女性校長與家長會互動之方式與策略，最後提出結論與建議，供女性校長作為辦學之參考。 本研究係採質性研究方法，先尋求願意受訪校長，以訪談方式進行深入對話。共計八位分別任職於小型、中型及大型位居臺北縣市國中女性校長，採取深度的匯談，繼而分析並探討其與家長會互動之情形。 據此，本研究歸納出女性校長與家長會互動之實務經驗有兩部分：（一）互動共同部分；（二）互動不同及特殊部分。國中女性校長與家長會互動策略有：（一）塑造學校眾望所歸的願景與發展學校特色；（二）協助家長會組織健全發展，並提供其所需資源；（三）利用溝通管道，增進彼此雙方了解建立共識；（四）建立學校與家長會的合夥關係，共同討論校務發展；（五）和諧形塑學校優質文化；（六）落實學校本位管理與經營；（七）落實學校與家庭相關親職教育的訓練與進修活動；（八）建立家庭與學校之間的信賴與支持；（九）建立網際網路提昇管理效能的領導。互動策略之分類亦歸納如下：（一）逃避型－保持距離以策安全；（二）整合型－表面層次的合作；（三）單向型－一廂情願有溝沒有通；（四）合作型－攜手共創願景。 最後本研究提出下列建議：（一）對教育行政機關建議（二）對學校行政建議（三）對家長會建議（四）對師資培育機構建議（五）對女性校長建議（六）對後續研究建議 / This study discusses about the atmosphere of interaction models between female junior high school principals and parent-teacher association (PTA). The research approach is microscopic point of view from the practical experiences of the interactions between the two groups. Firstly it observes the personal practical experiences interacting with the PTA of eight female junior high school principals and secondly analyzes the strategies and means used within the communication between the two communities. Conclusions and suggestions are made in order to provide a future assistance for female principals. The research is based on qualitative research methods by holding up intensive discussions with the volunteering principals. Eight female junior high school principals from small, medium, and large-scaled junior high schools of either Taipei-city and Taipei-county attended the discussion by sharing with their own experiences. After generalizing these practical experiences we divide interactions types into two: 1) Similar Interaction Type, 2) The Different Interaction Type. The strategies within these interaction types may include: 1) Modeling a recognized future vision of the school and developing an academic feature 2) Assisting the PTA to be organized appropriately and offering needed resources 3) Increasing the understanding between each other in order to reach for certain consensus by using available communication interchannels 4) Building up a companionship between the school and the PTA and sharing the discussion of future development of the school 5) Modeling an harmonically high-graded school-culture and atmosphere 6) Ensuring a management of a school-centered management and administration 7) Ensuing a familial-parental education further trainings and related activities 8) Establishing the trust and support between the families and the school 9) Establishing inter-nets to increase the management leadership efficiency The generalization upon these strategies can be classified into four types: 1) The Run-Away type: Keep in distance for safety 2) The Integrating type: A corporation that is only skin deep 3) The Single-way type: Communicating without communication 4) The Cooperating type: Building up a future vision together. Keywords: parent-teacher association, PTA, female junior high school principals, female principals, interaction experiences