Thesis (doctoral)--Humboldt-Univ. zu Berlin, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 120-137).

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Queensland. / Includes bibliography.

A chemotaxonomic identification of the herbal remedy Chrysanthemum parthenium (feverfew) and its reported adulterants Chrysanthemum vulgaris (tansy) and Chamomile vulgaris (German chamomile) has been undertaken. An initial survey investigated the distribution of phenolic compounds in the plants using a RP-HPLC diode-array system. A chemometric analysis of the data distinguished feverfew from its adulterant German chamomile, though tansy was ambiguous. In the light of these findings, the GLC of essential oils and in particular the reported active ingredient parthenolide, were used as alternative fingerprinting markers. Conventional extraction techniques were investigated but were considered unsuitable. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was extensively examined and successfully yielded the claimed active ingredient. The determination of the essential oil content of the plants enabled feverfew to be unambiguously identified from both adulterants. The technique was sufficiently sensitive to assign authenticity to feverfew products. During this study a detailed investigation was made of the SFE conditions required to give complete extraction and recovery of the terpenes from a model matrix and from the plant material.

No description available.

Four species of the genus Parthenium were involved in a hybridization attempt. The species were: guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray), Parthenium fruticosum Less, Parthenium bipinnatifidum (Ortega) Rollins, and Parthenium incanum H. B. K. Primary attention was given to the formation of hybrids between P. argentatum and P. fruticosum. Characteristics of the latter species such as size, growth rate, possible disease resistance, and wider geographical adaptation were desirable for transfer to P. argentatum. Reciprocal crosses were made between these two species and the production of hybrids was not difficult. However, in the case of selfing, backcross and sibcrosses, germination percent was 0.86 from a total of 3,471 achenes. Therefore, a search for the cause or causes of the negative results was initiated. The factors which were considered of primary interest were: incompatibility, genic and chromosomal sterility, pollination and planting techniques, and seed germination treatment. Incompatibility was considered the main limiting factor in the formation of a backcross population. Rubber analysis was performed in the interspecific hybrids. Mean rubber percent for hybrids between P. artentatum and P. fruticosum was 1.19; and for the reciprocal cross it was 0.39. Hybrids of the cross P. fruticosum x P. bipinnatifidum had a mean rubber percent of 0.19.

Thèse d'exercice : Pharmacie : Université de Nantes : 2004. / Bibliogr. f. 108-120 [115 réf.].

Salinity usually reduces plant growth in terms of height and biomass, but can increase secondary metabolite production. This frequently reported observation in guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray, Asteraceae) was investigated for possible mechanisms.Osmotic and specific ion effects of four chloride salts (CaCl2, MgCl2, KCl, and NaCl) on leaf anatomical and plant physiological parameters were studied. One-year-old plants of guayule line AZ 2 were grown under two salt concentrations (750 ppm and 1500 ppm) for each salt type (plus a control) in sand culture (semi-hydroponic) for eight weeks under controlled greenhouse conditions in Tucson, Arizona.Growth in height decreased with increasing salt concentration. Shoot dry weight, rubber, and resin contents, however, showed no significant differences between treatments, indicating no effect from either salt concentration or salt type. There was a trend for increasing rubber content with increasing salt concentration, although not statistically significant. At the same time, net CO2 gas exchange rates decreased significantly with increasing salinity.With increasing salt concentration, guayule showed osmotic effects in terms of height, indicating a lower hydraulic conductivity. Although plants of higher salt concentrations utilized significantly less water, they had the same shoot dry weights, rubber, and resin contents. Salt-stressed plants therefore achieved higher water use efficiencies. The diurnal net CO2 gas exchange rates were significantly reduced with increasing salinity; the nocturnal net CO2 gas exchange rates showed no significant difference between the treatments.Anatomically, it was found that the stomata were raised or elevated above the epidermis, and supported by upwardly curving cells. When guayule was grown under salt treatments, the trichomes were found to include deposits of material. Trichomes might act as a detoxification repository for excess ions. Although the physiological significance of raised stomata is unknown, it is hypothesized that the unique combination of raised stomata, indumentum, and multiple layers of palisade parenchyma allows for an overall high photosynthetic capacity and performance. During stress conditions such as salinity or drought, guayule might activate an internal CO2 concentrating mechanism, i.e., bicarbonate/CO2 pump, internal CO2 recycling, or PEP carboxylation activity.

Submitted by Reginaldo Soares de Freitas (reginaldo.freitas@ufv.br) on 2017-04-27T16:04:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1161371 bytes, checksum: bc085898a1b090e6a008bfb5ca3f7c93 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-27T16:04:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1161371 bytes, checksum: bc085898a1b090e6a008bfb5ca3f7c93 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-11-09 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / A planta medicinal Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz-Bip tem ganhado grande importância nos últimos anos devido as suas propriedades profiláticas no tratamento da enxaqueca. O presente trabalho teve por finalidade caracterizar o crescimento, anatomia foliar, teor de partenolídeo, o princípio ativo mais característico das plantas de T. parthenium, e determinar os níveis mais adequados de umidade no substrato dos vasos, de irradiância e os efeitos da homeopatia nessas plantas durante seu crescimento. Dentre as condições hídricas estudadas, o nível de menor disponibilidade hídrica no substrato, 50% da capacidade de campo, causou aumento de mais de 100% no teor de prolina, redução na altura, no número de folhas, na área foliar, na massa fresca e seca e no teor de partenolídeo. Crescimento máximo foi obtido pelas plantas crescidas a 70 e 90% da capacidade de campo e teor máximo de partenolídeo ocorreu nas plantas crescidas na capacidade de campo. A redução no nível de irradiância luminosa (30 e 50% de sombreamento) das plantas causou aumento no crescimento em altura e na área foliar total. A produção de folhas, no entanto, não foi alterada. O sombreamento causou ainda atraso no florescimento e redução no acúmulo de açúcares solúveis e de amido nas folhas expandidas do terço superior das plantas. A condição de luminosidade que propiciou maior crescimento das plantas e maior teor de partenolíd eo foi a de pleno sol, sendo que nessas plantas houve maior redução no teor de partenolídeo com o tempo em dias após início do experimento. A aplicação da homeopatia Arnica montana, preparada em escala decimal, independente da presença de adubação orgânica por cobertura, não alterou o número de folhas produzidas, teve pouco efeito no crescimento em altura, mas causou aumento no acúmulo de massa fresca e seca e redução no teor de partenolídeo, exceto na potência D3 que não diferiu do controle, e acelerou o forescimento. As l plantas tratadas com Arnica D5 destacaram-se devido a maior altura e maior número de inflorescências. Ao contrário da Arnica montana, escala decimal, os efeitos da aplicação da Arnica montana, escala centesimal, diferiram em função da presença de adubação orgânica em cobertura. As plantas adubadas e tratadas com Arnica C1 obtiveram maior número de folhas e de inflorescências. O teor de partenolídeo foi menor nas plantas tratadas com Arnica centesimal, particularmente com C3 e C5. A aplicação da homeopatia em plantas condicionadas previamente, por um mês, a deficiência hídrica, não causou alteração significativa no crescimento das plantas. No entanto a aplicação tanto de Natrum muriaticum, quanto do nosódio, causou aumento no teor de clorofila e de prolina nas plantas sadias e redução nas plantas doentes. O efeito da homeopatia Natrum muriaticum foi mais lento e prolongado do que o efeito do nosódio. / Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L. Schultz-Bip.) has a long history of use as a herbal treatment for ailments. Currently, the most extensive use of the plant is for migraine prophylaxis. The objective of this study was to characterize the growth, the leaf anatomy, the parthenolide content, the most active principle of T. parthenium, and to determine the best moisture availability levels in the soil, light regimes and the effects of the homeopathy in those plants during their growth. Among the studied water conditions, the level of smaller amount of water in the soil, 50% of the field capacity, it caused increase of more than 100% in the proline content, reduction in the height, in the number of leaves, in the leaf area, in the fresh and dry weight and in the parthenolide content. Maximum growth was obtained by the plants grown at 70 and 90% of the field capacity and maximum content of parthenolide happened in the plants grown in the field capacity. The reduction in the photon irradiance level ( hadow of 30 s and 50%) it caused increase in the height and in the leaf area. The number of leaves, however, there was not change by the shadow. The shadow still caused delay in the flowering and reduction in the soluble sugars and starch content of the expanded leaves of the superior third of the plants. The condition of brightness that propitiated larger growth to the plants and parthenolide content went to of full sun, and in those plants there was larger reduction in the parthenolide content with the time in days after beginning of the experiment. The application of the homeopathy Arnica montana, prepared in decimal scale, independent of the presence of organic manure for covering, it didn't change the number of leaves, There was a little effect in the growth in height, but it caused increase in the accumulation of fresh mass and it evaporates, except in the potency D3, and it accelerated the flowering. The plants with Arnica D5 stood out due to larger height and larger inflorescence number. The parthenolide content decreased with the application of Arnica montana, it climbs decimal, except in the potency D3, that didn't differ of the control. Unlike the Arnica montana, it climbs decimal, the effects of the application of the Arnica montana, it climbs centesimal, they differed in function of the presence of organic manure in covering. The fertilized plants with Arnica C1 they obtained larger number of leaves and of inflorescence. The parthenolide content was smaller in the plants with centesimal Arnica, particularly with C3 and C5. The application of the homeopathy in plants conditioned previously, for one month, to the deficiency hídrica, didn't cause significant alteration in the growth of the plants. However the so much of Natrum muriaticum application as of the isopathy it caused increase in the chlorophyll content and of prolina in the healthy plants and reduction in the sick plants. The effect of the homeopathy Natrum muriaticum was slower and lingering than the effect of the isopathy.

Bakgrund: Migrän är en sjukdom som orsakar huvudvärksanfall i kombination med illamående och hypersensitivitet. Det är inte helt kartlagt hur migrän uppstår men i genomförda studier har det bl.a. gått att observera en aktivering och sensitisering av det trigeminovaskulära systemet i hjärnan samt en frisättning av inflammatoriska mediatorer och förändrade serotoninnivåer i samband med migrän. Ärftlighet och exponering av olika läkemedel och mat är faktorer som kan öka risken för att drabbas av migrän. Akut intag och överanvändning av smärtlindrande som analgetika och paracetamol kan leda till läkemedelsutlöst huvudvärk. Därför behövs profylaktiska behandlingar studeras för att minska intag av akut smärtlindrande läkemedel men även för att minska lidandet vid migränanfall. Intresset för det växtbaserade läkemedlet Tanacetum parthenium i olika kombinationer tillsammans med tillskott som riboflavin, koenzym Q10, magnesium och 5- hydroxytrypofan har ökat på grund av dess låga biverkningsgrad (Aurastop®, Antemig®). Kombinationen av dessa ämnen fungerar förebyggande vid migrän genom att bl.a. hämma frisättning av inflammatoriska mediatorer och öka syreupptagningsförmågan samt hämma andra cellulära mekanismer som tros leda till uppkomsten av migrän. Även växten Andrographis paniculata ingår i vissa kombinationer vid behandling av migrän (Partena®). Syfte: Syftet med litteraturarbetet var att undersöka om det växtbaserade läkemedlet som innehåller T. parthenium i olika kombinationer tillsammans med riboflavin, koenzym Q10, magnesium, 5- hydroxytrypofan och A. paniculata var effektivt och säkert som förebyggande behandling vid migrän. Metod: Litteratursökningar gjordes i databasen PubMed. Sökorden ”Tanacetum parthenium migraine” och ”feverfew migraine” användes varpå filtrering gjordes med hjälp av urvalskriterier. De kriterier som tillämpades var att det skulle var max 10 år gamla RCT-studier med samma primära utfallsvariabel. På grund av brist på studier med samma primära variabel togs filtreringen på RCT-studier bort. Resultatet av sökningen blev då tre observationsstudier i PubMed och en studie från databasen Scientific research. Studierna hämtades för granskning och sammanställning. Resultat: Samtliga observationsstudier med saknad kontroll kort visade på en reducering av antal migrändagar efter behandling med T. parthenium i olika kombinationer. En del studier undersökte även intag av analgetika och intensitet av smärta innan och efter behandling. Där kunde även reducering av symtom och medicinering observeras efter behandling. Frekvensen av biverkingarna som uppstod i samband med behandling av T. parthenium i kombination med tillskotten var låga. Biverkningarna som förekom var diarré och magbesvär. Slutsats: T. parthenium i kombination med tillskotten riboflavin, koenzym Q10, magnesium, 5- hydroxytrypofan och A. paniculata är säkra och effektiva att använda som förebyggande behandling vid migrän. Vidare bör större RCT-studier göras för att kunna fastställa dess effekt.

No description available.