<p>The aim of this paper is to study and outline the factors governing political leadership at the party leader level, and to conclude to what extent a party leader rules and to what extent the party leadership is contextually determined. The theories used are based on Elgie's interactionistic study of political leadership and Stewart's organisational model of leadership as well as political culture.</p><p>Thus, the questions raised are if the leader leads or if the leader follows; if the leadership environment is formed by the leader or if it is, merely, implemented on the leader; and what a model of the political leadership consist of? To answer these questions a text analysis comparing Sahlin’s speeches to the party’s political programme is used as well as in-depth interviews with members of the Board of Party.</p><p>The conclusion shows that the leadership is contextually framed, but the leader is free to implement his or her ambitions within that frame as long as it is coherent to the party line.</p>

I examine the relationship between the electoral security of congressmen, measured as vote margins in the previous election, and the support Members of Congress offer to their party. I develop a theory that predicts safe members will be more willing to support than vulnerable members and leaders demand more loyalty from safe members than vulnerable. This arrangement is rational and beneficial for leaders and both types of members. Using an OLS regression, I find basic support for my theory.

I examine the relationship between the electoral security of congressmen, measured as vote margins in the previous election, and the support Members of Congress offer to their party. I develop a theory that predicts safe members will be more willing to support than vulnerable members and leaders demand more loyalty from safe members than vulnerable. This arrangement is rational and beneficial for leaders and both types of members. Using an OLS regression, I find basic support for my theory.

This thesis studies political elites’ beliefs about the ideal party leader. This ideal, like other human ideals, is characterized by ambivalence. The thesis explores the ambivalence expressed in party elites’ leadership ideal and how it can be understood. The study draws primarily on qualitative interviews with members of the party elites in the Social Democratic Party and the Liberal Party in Sweden. Specifically, it analyzes the “life world” of the party leaders, party secretaries, group leaders in the Swedish Parliament, and election committee chairmen. Building on classical and modern research on leadership and political parties, the thesis derives an analytical tool to guide the interviews which covers six aspects of party leadership: Characteristics, Leadership style, Tasks, Freedom of action, Representation, and Status. The empirical analysis shows that the elites’ party leadership ideal is ambivalent and different across the two parties. The ambiguities can be summarized as dichotomies, where the ideal leader should encompass both sides of the dichotomy. The Social Democratic Party elites’ ideal is represented by two dichotomies: the leader versus the team and the party versus the government. To bridge the ambiguities, the elite resort to the idea of “anchoring”. This notion resolves conflicts between the leader and the surrounding team and the party and the government. The ideal of the Liberal Party’s elites includes four dichotomies: dogmatism versus pragmatism; idea versus person; appearance (outward-looking) versus action (inward-looking); and free versus constrained. Unlike the case of the Social Democratic Party, it is less evident how the Liberal Party’s elites accommodate the ambiguities. However, an emphasis on accountability and maintaining a balance between existing conflicts, partially remedies the dilemma. Also, the idea of leadership within the Liberal Party is less problematic compared to the Social Democratic Party. In sum, while the Social Democrats’ ideal resembles the “friendly father figure”, the Liberals’ ideal is portrayed by the “superficial intellectual”. The findings also indicate that the way in which the parties were established, their experience of being in government, size, ideology, and position within the party system affect their beliefs about leadership ideals.

Submitted by PPG Ci?ncias Sociais (csociais-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-08T14:02:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Alison_Ribeiro_Centeno_Dis.pdf: 1666560 bytes, checksum: f12e346bb75768cf66ae072aca247600 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-15T17:53:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Alison_Ribeiro_Centeno_Dis.pdf: 1666560 bytes, checksum: f12e346bb75768cf66ae072aca247600 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-15T17:55:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alison_Ribeiro_Centeno_Dis.pdf: 1666560 bytes, checksum: f12e346bb75768cf66ae072aca247600 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-20 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Studying the social background, the political careers and political pathways of Federal Senators from Brazil who were chosen as party leaders and supra-party blocs' leaders between 1999 and 2006, this examination points out that during the 51st and 52nd Congresses the group of leaders concentrated and exacerbated the main qualities of the Senate's components. Using a theoretical framework that values institutional political experience and social capital as sources of maintenance of the political elite that composes the political institutions, studies focused on Brazil's bicameral Congress were synthesized in data and conclusions that corroborated for the understanding of the Brazilian political institutions dominated by a cohesive elite, with low circularity and high socioeconomic resources that projects them to the highest positions on Legislative. Questioning the possible dissonance between parties leaders and parties members in the Federal Senate, there was a 'leader profile' that overcame the intrinsic differences of parties on the political spectrum, where Senators that have graduated in engineering overcame the numerical dominance of law graduates in Brazil's Federal Senate, which as one half of the country's Congress is marked by long-serving career politicians, with parties leaders being even more experienced Senators, mainly with political careers built by Legislative mandates. / Atrav?s de um estudo acerca do social background, das carreiras e trajet?rias pol?ticas de Senadores que foram al?ados aos postos de l?deres de partidos e blocos suprapartid?rios do Senado Federal entre 1999 e 2006, este trabalho evidencia que, no que tange ?s 51? e 52? Legislaturas, o col?gio de l?deres concentrou e exacerbou as principais caracter?sticas dos componentes da Casa. Valendo-se de um arcabou?o te?rico que valoriza a experi?ncia pol?tica e o capital social como fontes de manuten??o da elite que comp?e os meios institucionais, retomou-se estudos de caso focados no Congresso Nacional, sintetizados em dados e afirma??es que corroboraram para a compreens?o da pol?tica institucional brasileira dominada por uma elite coesa, de baixa circularidade e de elevados recursos socioecon?micos que os projetam para os cargos mais elevados do Legislativo. Tendo questionado a poss?vel disson?ncia entre os Senadores l?deres e liderados, encontrou-se um perfil de l?der que supera as diferen?as intr?nsecas das legendas na escala ideol?gica, onde os Senadores engenheiros se sobrepuseram a domin?ncia dos bachar?is em Direito na Casa da Federa??o, que como institui??o legislativa marcada pelos pol?ticos de carreiras longevas, tinha no col?gio de l?deres, Senadores ainda mais experientes, principalmente com carreiras pol?ticas constru?das por mandatos no Legislativo.

The aim of this paper is to study and outline the factors governing political leadership at the party leader level, and to conclude to what extent a party leader rules and to what extent the party leadership is contextually determined. The theories used are based on Elgie's interactionistic study of political leadership and Stewart's organisational model of leadership as well as political culture. Thus, the questions raised are if the leader leads or if the leader follows; if the leadership environment is formed by the leader or if it is, merely, implemented on the leader; and what a model of the political leadership consist of? To answer these questions a text analysis comparing Sahlin’s speeches to the party’s political programme is used as well as in-depth interviews with members of the Board of Party. The conclusion shows that the leadership is contextually framed, but the leader is free to implement his or her ambitions within that frame as long as it is coherent to the party line.

Submitted by BRUNO MITIO ASSANO SILVA (brunomitio@gmail.com) on 2017-04-20T17:37:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Mestrado - Bruno Mitio A. Silva.pdf: 3293208 bytes, checksum: e0ce997d5aa6239861ed1ad99d3e0bb9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2017-04-20T17:45:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Mestrado - Bruno Mitio A. Silva.pdf: 3293208 bytes, checksum: e0ce997d5aa6239861ed1ad99d3e0bb9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-20T18:37:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Mestrado - Bruno Mitio A. Silva.pdf: 3293208 bytes, checksum: e0ce997d5aa6239861ed1ad99d3e0bb9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-23 / Recent studies have advanced the understanding of municipal level party organizational behaviour, highlighting, where present, different levels of institutionalization. These studies, however, only able to show this diversity at a given point in time. This present study aims to describe the process of (i) brazilian municipalities presence by the parties (ii) the organization of this process between 2007 to 2015. At the end of this study, we can see a high variation within these structures on the specified period. Some initial hypotheses can be attributed to these changes. Among them, the profile of the cities influence the political parties in making decisions between making a firm long term commitment to an area or only contesting in local public office elections. Another possibility is that the less organized parties in the municipalities are the very same that are less able to change their state party leadership. These issues are associated with both the organizational capacity a party has with which to pursue its multiple objectives and also the extent to which the internal democratic processes of these institutions allow the base access to the decision making process. / Trabalhos recentes têm avançado na compreensão do comportamento da organização partidária em nível municipal, distinguindo estruturas que evidenciam diferentes níveis de institucionalização, quando elas são presentes. Estes trabalhos, todavia, caracterizam esta diversidade em um dado momento do tempo. O presente estudo tem por objetivo descrever o processo de (i) presença partidária nos municípios brasileiros, e (ii) a organização desta ocupação, entre os anos de 2007 a 2015. Ao final do trabalho, verifica-se elevada variação destas estruturas entre o período observado. Algumas hipóteses iniciais são associadas a estas mudanças. Entre elas estão o perfil das cidades que influenciariam a decisão do partido político entre firmar compromisso naquela localidade para o longo prazo ou apenas concorrer pela disputa dos cargos públicos locais. Outra hipótese é que partidos menos organizados nos municípios são os que menos mudam a sua direção partidária estadual. Estas questões estão associadas tanto à capacidade organizativa que o partido possui para buscar seus múltiplos objetivos, quanto à democracia interna destas instituições, a depender do grau em que permitem o acesso das bases no processo decisório.