Des Histoires de passage : en regroupant sous ce titre des extraits de ses diverses proses, Philippe Jaccottet, poète de Suisse romande, né en 1925, souligne lui-même l’importance essentielle que revêt dans son œuvre la notion de passage. Cette recherche se propose de montrer qu’elle porte une thématique, définit une poétique, ouvre sur une ontologie. Dépassant l’opposition entre l’attrait pour les passages libres visibles dans le paysage et l’aversion face à l’obstacle - muraille de la montagne ou de la mort, notamment, qui suscite le vœu d’une magique abolition - la sensibilité de Jaccottet met en œuvre une relation complexe entre ces contraires et révèle une profonde fascination pour le point de passage en soi : le seuil. L’expérience poétique comble ces aspirations puisque qu’en certains « instants privilégiés », elle révèle à « l’autre regard » un monde ouvert et unifié, sans barrières ni hiatus. Elle trouve son accomplissement dans un usage particulier de la métaphore, figure même du passage, qui permet entre les choses une circulation continue. Métamorphose du monde, la poésie s’avère alors liée au sacré : elle « donne sur » « autre chose », est passage ou pressentiment d’un passage vers un au-delà dont la nature ne peut être dite ni philosophique, ni religieuse, ni même à proprement parler mystique. Entraperçu dans l’ici, il reste un inaccessible, un indicible que l’écriture désigne comme tel, ouvrant vers lui une perspective à l’infini. Le passage serait donc dans le passage même, cette ontologie induisant alors une dialectique de la limite et de l’illimité. / By gathering together extracts from his prose writings under the title Des Histoires de passage [Stories of passage], the Swiss-French poet Philippe Jaccottet, born in 1925, highlights the vital importance of the notion of passage in his work. This research proposes to demonstrate that this notion expresses a set of themes, defines a poetic theory and offers an ontological analysis. Reaching beyond the contrast between an attraction to visible passageways in a landscape and an aversion to obstacles [such as a steep mountainside or death, which inspire hope for a « magical » eradication], Jaccottet’s sensibility develops a complex interplay between these conflicting concepts and reveals a profound fascination for the point of passage itself : the threshold. Poetic experience gratifies such aspirations, since at certain « privileged » moments it reveals to the poet’s « other vision » a world that is open and unified, without barriers or hiatuses. This is achieved here through a particular use of metaphor, itself an active participant in the passage, which allows for a continuous circulation between elements. As a metamorphosis of the world, poetry reveals its connection to the sacred : it « gives onto » « something else » ; it is a pathway, or envisioned pathway, towards a « beyond » which cannot be defined as philosophical, religious, or even, strictly speaking, mystical. Glimpsed in the here and now, the beyond remains inaccessible and indescribable, identified as such through writing, which opens up towards it an infinite vista. The passage is thus within the passage itself, constituting an ontology that leads to a dialectic of limits and the unlimited.

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State Departments of Transportation are becoming more involved in providing Aquatic Organism Passage (AOP) at road-stream crossings. Department of Transportation (DOT) emphasis on AOP has been driven largely in response to endangered species listings, other agencies' initiatives, and the desire to restore ecosystem connectivity to watercourses. UDOT is currently responsible for approximately 47,000 culverts, but AOP is currently addressed only on an as-needed basis. Currently UDOT has no prioritization or assessment strategy procedure for AOP at UDOT road-stream crossings. Historical fish passage strategies have focused on federally listed adult anadromous salmon and trout. These are generally very large fish whose life cycle includes both fresh and salt water environs. These species have adapted to the wetter conditions prevalent in their Pacific Northwest habitat. However, Utah fish species have adapted to the arid conditions of the Great Basin, are generally much smaller, and complete their life cycle entirely within fresh water. For UDOT these differences represent a potential fundamental divergence in the approaches used for providing fish passage in Utah vs. those historically used in the Pacific Northwest. The purpose of this research was to develop a method of prioritizing culverts statewide and to modify existing culvert assessment procedures for UDOT within a Great Basin/Utah regional context. Developed as part of the research are tools to prioritize and assess culverts. A GIS database was developed to store fish passage assessment data as well as provide functions for prioritizing culverts on the state and regional level. A fish passage assessment protocol for assessing UDOT culverts was developed based on existing fish passage assessments. The culvert assessment was tailored to meet developed UDOT fish passage strategies. A training manual was also created to aid technicians on performing the several physical culvert assessments developed. Additionally, a mark and recapture study at six UDOT culverts was performed to field verify the developed culvert assessment procedure. A step by step methodology was then created to establish critical progression for prioritizing and assessing culverts for fish passage utilizing project results.

Roads acts as barriers for wildlife and together with wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVC) they can threaten populations size and genetic diversity. Wildlife fences are a common measure to reduce WVC which can increase the barrier. Mitigation measures often used to increase landscape connectivity are fauna passages such as overpasses and underpasses that allow animals to cross the roads. These types of fauna passages are often very expensive and therefore it is of interest to find an alternative for roads that might not have the financial motivation to build such structures. This study examined the behaviour of animals in an at-grade fauna passage with an animal detection system in Sjödiken, Sweden, which was installed in 2019. A previous study of the fauna passage showed that roe deer spent a long time grazing in the entering zone and the road verge of the passage was therefore sanded. The aim of this study was to evaluate how the time in the passage changed after sanding as well as how it affected the crossing success of the animals. Results showed a decrease in time spent in the entering zone for roe deer, red deer and wild boar as well as a decrease in total time in passage for red deer and wild boar. Crossing success increased after sanding for roe deer, and red deer also showed a tendency to increased crossing success. Wild boars crossing success did not change but was high both before and after sand treatment.

Le golfe Persique est depuis toujours le carrefour du commerce mondial. Cette mer est aujourd’hui la voie vitale de l’approvisionnement énergétique mondial. Selon les statistiques, chaque jour 18 millions baril de pétrole passent par cette mer et le détroit d’Ormuz. Parmi les pays côtiers du golfe Persique le rôle de l’Iran est le plus important en raison de sa position géographique. L’Iran, avec ses 1200 kilomètres de côte, possède le plus large littoral dans le golfe Persique et est également l’un des deux États riverains du détroit d’Ormuz, la seule voie de communication maritime du golfe Persique avec le monde entier. C’est pourquoi la politique maritime de l’Iran et sa législation concernant le droit de la mer sont déterminantes dans la région et c’est la question que nous nous sommes proposé d’aborder dans la présente thèse. / The Persian Gulf has always been the crossroad of world trade. The Persian Gulf is today the vital corridor of global energy supply. According to statistics 18 million barrels of oil pass through this sea and the Strait of Hormuz every day. Among the coastal countries of the Persian Gulf the role of Iran is crucial due to its geographical location. Iran, with 1200 km, has the widest coastline on the Persian Gulf, it is also one of the two coastal states to the Strait of Hormuz wich is the only shipping route of the Persian Gulf to the rest of the world. This is why Iran's maritime policy and its law of the sea legislation are critical in the region. This thesis tries to explore these policies and legislations of Iran.

Ce mémoire sur le ministère de présence auprès des adolescents de 11 à 14 ans présente les caractéristiques nécessaires à ce type d'intervention à caractère spirituel. Il décrit le développement intégral de la personne de la naissance jusqu'à l'adolescence. Il dresse le portrait sociologique, culturel et religieux des jeunes québécois. Quelques modes d'intervention enrichissent la réflexion sur les besoins des adolescents aux niveaux psychologique, pédagogique et spirituel. Un modèle chrétien, Don Bosco et les salésiens, apporte une expérience reconnue de cette forme de ministère. Finalement, les différents éléments nécessaires à la pratique d'un ministère de présence sont apportés : le passeur, les jeunes animateurs, les activités, la vie de groupe et les propositions spirituelles dont le rite de passage.

This work develops some simple models to study risky corporate debt using first passage-time approach. Analytical valuation expression derived from different models as functions of firm’s values and the short-term interest rate with time-dependent parameters governing the dynamics of the firm values and interest rate. We develop some numerical approximation of the analytical valuation, which is given implicitly through Voltera integral equation related to the density of the first-passage- time that a firm reaches some specified default barrier. For some appropriate default barrier arising from financial considerations we obtain a closed-form solution, which is more flexible for numerical calculation.

Nucleation is the first step in the formation of a new phase in a thermodynamic system. The Classical Nucleation Theory (CNT) is the traditional theory used to describe this phenomenon. The object of this thesis is to investigate nucleation beyond one of the most significant limitations of the CNT: the assumption that the surface tension of a nucleating cluster of the new phase is independent of the cluster’s size and has the same value that it would have in the bulk of the new phase. In order to accomplish this, we consider a microscopic, two-dimensional Lattice Gas Automata (LGA) model of precipitate nucleation in a supersaturated system, with model input parameters Ess (solid particle-to-solid particle bonding energy), Esw (solid particle-to-water particle bonding energy), η (next-to-nearest neighbour bonding coeffiicent in solid phase), and Cin (initial solute concentration). The LGA method was chosen for its advantages of easy implementation, low memory requirements, and fast computation speed. Analytical results for the system’s concentration and the crystal radius as functions of time are derived and the former is fit to the simulation data in order to determine the system’s equilibrium concentration. A mean first-passage time (MFPT) technique is used to obtain the nucleation rate and critical nucleus size from the simulation data. The nucleation rate and supersaturation are evaluated using a modification to the CNT that incorporates a two-dimensional, radius-dependent surface tension term. The Tolman parameter, δ, which controls the radius-dependence of the surface tension, decreases (increases) as a function of the magnitude of Ess (Esw), at fixed values of η and Esw (Ess). On the other hand, δ increases as η increases while Ess and Esw are held constant. The constant surface tension term of the CNT, Σ0, increases (decreases) with increasing magnitudes of Ess (Esw) fixed values of Esw (Ess), and increases as η is increased. Together, these results indicate an increase in the radius-dependent surface tension, Σ, with respect to increasing magnitude of Ess relative to the magnitude of Esw. Σ0 increases linearly as a function of the change in energy during an attachment or detachment reaction, |ΔE|, however with a slope less than that predicted for a crystal that is uniformly packed at maximum density.

Girl protagonists in rite of passage films regularly come to be burdened with a sobering maturity that sees them acquire a dysphoric subjective position under an oppressive patriarchal paradigm. According to Oedipal logics, both genders, in extricating themselves from the imaginary fullness of the maternal bond, come to be subjects of lack, but culturally entrenched patriarchal fictions concur in fostering masculine narcissism at the expense of the feminine. This practice-based research asks how the Oedipal narrative structure, which has defined twentieth- century mainstream cinema, can be re-appropriated and re- imagined for the purpose of writing a screenplay that highlights the girl's active and constructive engagement in the project of selfhood. My reading of seven films, which are all at the low-budget end of the mainstream (studio-financed as well as independent), details parallel structures and discourses within the proposed genre. Victor Turner's rite of passage model is used as a template for understanding rite of passage plot structure and transformative symbolism, while key concepts in Lacanian psychoanalysis serve to throw light on the adolescent girl's psychosexual development. My reading of Girlfight, which follows Luce Irigaray's critique of phallocentrism and concept of intersubjective dialogue, provides a key insight into how the narrative aspects of film can provide a propitious environment for resolving cultural impasse and catalysing understanding and change. I have written my screenplay Lullaby, which accompanies the thesis as Appendix IV, in accordance with my research goals. It serves as a blueprint for a feature film that will hopefully, one day, go into production.

Hydropower dams block migration routes and disrupt longitudinal connectivity in rivers, thereby posing a threat to migratory fish species. Various fish passage solutions have been implemented to improve connectivity with varying success. A well-functioning passage solution must ensure safe and timely passage routes that are used by a substantial portion of the migrating fish. In this thesis, I report the results from telemetry studies where the behavior and survival of migrating Atlantic salmon spawners, post-spawners and smolts have been evaluated in relation to hydropower dam passage. I evaluate downstream passage performance at dams with no passage solutions in the River Klarälven, and with simple passage solutions in in the Winooski River. In the River Ätran, I study both upstream- and downstream passage performance at a dam with sophisticated passage solutions based on the best available technology. In addition, I have studied the survival and behavior of post-spawners and hatchery-released smolts. A substantial portion of the spawners survived spawning and initiated downstream migration. Most males migrated downstream in autumn following spawning, whereas females tended to stay in the river until spring. For hatchery-reared smolts, early release was associated with faster initiation of migration and higher survival compared to late release. Multiple dam passage resulted in high mortality for both smolts and kelts. For smolts, dam passage, even with simple passage solutions, was associated with substantial delay and mortality. High spill levels were linked to high survival and short delay for downstream migrating salmon. The best available passage solution, which consisted of a nature-like fishway and a low sloping intake rack to guide fish to a bypass, resulted in rapid passage of a large portion of the adult migrants.