The notion of ‘pattern’ originates in the work of Christopher Alexander and, in recent years, patterns have become a popular part of software development. A pattern is defined as a ‘three-part rule’: a relationship between a given context, a recurring system of forces peculiar to that context, and a specific spatial configuration that permits resolution of these forces. In essence, the ‘context’ of a pattern is the whole system under construction and its state in the construction process at the point at which the pattern is being applied. The nature of the context, therefore, changes at every step of the process and this has significant implications for how patterns should be used. Specifically, applying each pattern changes the context by changing the state of the system under construction and creates both a new design problem and a new context for the next pattern to be applied. The next picked pattern must have a certain criteria in order for it to be applied successfully and this is will be determined by the characteristics of the new context just created. The issue of composing pattern sequences is therefore more temporal than it is static and structural (as provided currently via pattern maps). The decision as to which one to use is temporally constrained in the sense that the choice is made only at a particular point in the construction process of some specific system, and may well be determined, or at least further constrained, by the current state of that system. The fundamental research question that is addressed here is: how is this dynamically changing context to be presented to guide pattern applications? In this thesis, a framework is presented to provide a systematic analysis of composition of pattern applications in terms of the properties of their context. Such an approach will reveal the ordering of patterns in space and time dimensions. Examples of composition of pattern applications include: - One pattern contains or generalises another smaller-scale pattern (this will be called in thesis refinement); - Two patterns are complementary, i.e., one pattern needs the other to be applied before (Sequential Order); - Two patterns solve different problems that overlap and coexist on the same level (Parallel Order); - Two patterns solve the same problem in alternative, but equally valid ways (Choice in Order). At the design phase, the framework provides mechanisms for analysing the choice of composition to ensure the correctness of a design or to compare between two different designs or to modify an existing design. This framework describes a pattern's context via a pair of constraints, known as Assumption and Commitment. In general, the Assumption is a constraint placed on the context and the Commitment is what the solution provided by the pattern commits to after the pattern's application. In addition, the thesis provides a set of composition rules that can be applied to aid in the analysis of the application of pattern sequences. The approach is domain independent as it does not depend on the nature of the catalogue from which the patterns originate. The work has been evaluated using various existing patterns from Ian Graham’s web usability (WU) pattern bank and the User Interface (UI) patterns of Welie.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 27-30, 1997 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / This paper describes the two main causes of fading encountered at test ranges. The first cause of fading results from nulls in the transmit antenna gain pattern. Variations in the received signal level are a result of changes in the gain pattern as the spatial relationship between transmitter and receiver change. The second cause of fading is due to multipath interference. This occurs when multiple copies of the transmitted signal with different delays arrive at the receiver and are phased relative to each other so that destructive interference occurs.

The work presented in this thesis investigates through practice a new field of textile design exploring the visual effects of moving light as a continuous time-based medium. Thereby, the textile design pattern reveals its composition, not in one moment of time any more, but in fact over time. The thesis consist of four parts: a solo exhibition at the Textile Museum in Borås from 17th February- 28th March 2015, five posters, an interactive thesis including 48 films (download file) and present thesis book. The artefacts displayed in the thesis show a varying range of examples which explore aesthetical possibilities of how light can be integrated as an active part into textile structures, ranging from weaving to braiding techniques, both hand crafted, as well as industrial produced. Thereby three main groups of experiments: colour flow, rhythm exercise, sound_light experiment explore and discuss a range of different time-based expressions. Thus define and establish relevant new design variables and notions, whilst working with time-based design processes. In the following descriptions of these experiments two forms of writing have been used to describe the experiments. One is purely descriptive, neutral form to describe the experiments as such, whereas text titled Research Diary Notes includes reflections and personal comments on the experiences during work on the experiments. The interactive thesis and the exhibited artefacts are an invitation to view new textiles expressions and are an initial guide on the road toward future time-based design works, particularly in the area of light emitting textiles. / <p>Disputationen sker den 17:e mars 2015, kl. 10-12 i Textilmuséet, Textilhögskolan, Skaraborgsvägen 3, Borås. Opponent: Dr Nithikul Nimkulrat, Professor i textildesign, Head of Department of Textile Design, Estonian Academy of Arts.</p><p></p><p>Disputationen genomförs på engelska.</p>

Subduction of an oceanic plate under the Pacific margin of South America has heen prevalent since Jurassic times. Magmatic and deformation centres have migrated eastward since suhduction began. Northern Chile houses two north-south trench linked strike-slip fault systems, the Atacama Fault Zone and the Domeyko Fault System (DFS). The DFS lies within the Chilean Precordillera from 2 10 to 28°S. Lateral movement began on the DFS in the Eocene. The DFS can be divided into three segments which have apparently undergone differing deformation histories. This study has focused on the central segment of the DFS, to determine fault kinematics and to establish a relative chronology of deformation. Observations have been made in more detail than previous investigations and have heen used to infer the deformation history . Shallow level faulting has resulted in heavily fractured zones with occasional slickenline surfaces. It is difficult to infer kinematics of faulting from these. Much effort has been expended in developing techniques to analyse fracture patterns associated with brittle faulting under conditions of plane strain, simple shear. A novel approach of analysing the shapes of clasts of rock defined by secondary fractures within a fault zone has been used. The clasts approximate ellipses when viewed in 2 dimensions. Combining ellipse orientation and aspect ratio from mutually perpendicular sections through the fault zone allowed calculation of an ellipsoid representative of the clasts of rock in 3 dimensions. Independent determination of the fault kinematics using stratigraphic relationships across the fault, fracture distribution, incremental strain axes and palaeomagnetic analysis has all owed evaluation of the new technique. The shapes of rock clasts are found to be related to the kinematics of the fault system. Up to a critical stage of development of the fault zone the axes of the rock clasts parallel the slip direction, intermediate strain axis and pole to the boundary faults. Which rock clast axis parallels which structural feature depends upon the spacing and curvature of fractures and stage of development of the fault zone. Analysis of the shapcs or rock clasts defined by fractures can avoid bias of the data set towards thicker fractures or against irregular fractures, which can occur when measuring fracture orientations directly. The degree of development of the fault zone varies laterally along the fault over short distances. This causes the shape.: fabric of the rock clasts to change, so predictions of connectivity within a fault zone are limited. The history of the central segment of the DFS determined from this study is found to occur with earlier workers. The complementary deformation histories produced from two scales of ohservation verifies the reliability of the chronology. Lateral movements along the DFS are thought to begin in the Eocene with a sinistral transpressive event which occurred along all three segments of the DFS. En echelon folds, east and west verging thrusts and clockwise rotations associated with sinistral faulting along the master fault of the segment are documented. Later, in the Oligocene, dextral faulting occurred. large clockwise palaeomagnetic rotations, determined from Palaeozoic samples beside the master fault, indicate sinistral displacements have been larger than dextral disp acements. It is inferred that only one episode of large lateral transport occurred. This is the Eocene sinistral event. Normal faulting associated with sinistral displ acements along the western side of the system are documented. This later sinistral faulting has not been documented before in the central segment of the DFS. After Oligocene age dextral faulting, the three segments of the DFS underwent separate deformation histories, as the main Andean deformation foci had moved eastward.

This thesis development of empirical. ABSTRACT , investigated play in two the ways: structure theoretical and and The theoretical section covers three areas. First, existing literature on animal play was reviewed to identify the basis for confusion in theories of animal play. Second, a discussion of the acquisition of the concept 'play' in humans, and its effect on our understanding of animal play revealed the appropriateness of the correct use of models and analogies in the study of play. Finally, the utility of Markov Chains, Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and the Grammatical Model in studying play, were assessed. In Chapter Six an investigation of "thB . nevelopment \.1\3: "'e.~ of social play and object 'predation'~ s owed no major ontogenetic differences. In both cases, a) there was some evidence for age changes in the composition of play/'predation': b) the majority of observations could be accounted for by a group of five 'dominant' behaviour patterns. Chapter Seven examined the function o~ 1'r~EM~p."en Mouth Play Face (OMPF) as a. play signal. Resurts indicated that the OMPF did not function speci~iCallY as a play signal in young ferrets and puppies. However, the situation was reversed for adult ferrets. There was also evidence that the OMPF was related to arousal in a way not exhibited by other play behaviour patterns. Chap~i~ml~!Sht investiga~~~bf~~ential S~~~hture in social ptay~ OBject 'predation~ an~ aggressi8~.~~esults showed great variability in tne sequences of 'oehaviour in all three contexts. All three behavioural contexts showed little variability in the identity of bout initiators and terminators. The 'grammar' constructed failed to provide a formal description of social play, aggression or object 'predation':' These results suggest that many assumptions made about the structure of play, especially with regard to other behaviours, are invalid. The study of play should proceed in terms of identifying the structural configuration of sequences of social play.

ITC/USA 2005 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-First Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2005 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / Multiple discrete antennas distributed around the circumference of a large missile and driven by one transmitter are sometimes used to radiate telemetry omnidirectionally. But driving discrete antennas separated by several wavelengths around the missile body with a single transmitter can result in an antenna pattern with deep nulls in the roll plane. Varying the relative signal phase or amplitude among the signals driving the antennas as well as the polarization of the antennas can be used to change the nulls in an attempt to decrease the null depth. In this paper the effects of phase, amplitude, and polarization on the roll-plane pattern are examined and measurement data presented.

No description available.

Although settlement patterns are a central topic of archaeological research, there is a paucity of general theory on the determinants of agrarian settlement. What passes for a theory of agrarian settlement in archaeology is a borrowed model which does not recognize the relationship between population density and agricultural intensity. This dissertation argues that the rules determining where farmers settle are inextricable from how they farm. Ethnohistoric and ethnoarchaeological data are used to investigate the relationship between agricultural change and the determinants of settlement location in the case of the Kofyar, a population of farmers colonizing a frontier area in the central Nigerian savanna. As they moved into an area with a low ratio of population to productive land, Kofyar agriculture was extensified in accord with the Boserup (1965) model. With potentially greater travel costs associated with domestic water than with farm plots, streams exerted a strong attraction to early settlements. With increasing land pressure, the attraction value of farmland eclipsed the attraction to water. Contrary to Boserup's theory that agricultural responses to land pressure cross-cut environments, analysis of settlement histories of over 1000 households shows that responses vary with soil type. Farmers on high-quality sandstone-derived soils tend to intensify cultivation, while farmers on inferior shale-derived and igneous-derived soils tend to abandon their farms when yields begin to decline. The location of Kofyar compounds with respect to each other is closely related to the labor demands of agricultural production. The restricted range of distances between residential compounds reflects the reliance on inter-household collaboration in agricultural production.

The problem of recovering a wavefront or surface deviation from a fringe pattern image is investigated. The data sets generated in sampling a fringe pattern are considered in the frequency domain and errors that arise in analyzing the pattern are given an aliasing interpretation. Uniform sampling is shown to be superior to other sampling schemes. A variety of techniques for locating fringe centers are reviewed and three synchronous convolution methods are demonstrated that do not require the location of fringe centers. For the latter, direct phase measurements are obtained from fringe pattern photographs over a uniform grid with an accuracy comparable to temporal heterodyne interferometry. Two microprocessor-based video systems are described in which the traditional and synchronous convolution methods were implemented.

No description available.