<p>The aims of this dissertation are to investigate the use and usefulness of patterns in Information Systems Engineering and to identify future areas of research. In order to do this there is a need to survey different types of patterns and find a common concept of patterns. A pattern is based on experience found in the real world. A text or a model or a combination of the both can describe the pattern. A pattern is typically described in terms of context, forces, problem, and solution. These can be explicitly expressed or implicitly found in the description of the pattern.</p><p>The types of patterns dealt with are: object-oriented patterns; design patterns, analysis patterns; data model patterns; domain patterns; business patterns; workflow patterns and the deontic pattern. The different types of patterns are presented using the authors' own terminology.</p><p>The patterns described in the survey are classified with respect to different aspects. The intention of this analysis is to form a taxonomy for patterns and to bring order into the vast amount of patterns. This is an important step in order to find out how patterns are used and can be used in Information Systems Engineering. The aspects used in the classification are: level of abstraction; text or model emphasis; product or process emphasis; life cycle stage usage and combinations of these aspects.</p><p>Finally an outline for future areas of research is presented. The areas that have been considered of interest are: patterns and Information Systems Engineering methods; patterns and tools (tool support for patterns); patterns as a pedagogical aid; the extraction and documentation of patterns and patterns and novel applications of information technology. Each future area of research is sketched out.</p>

The aims of this dissertation are to investigate the use and usefulness of patterns in Information Systems Engineering and to identify future areas of research. In order to do this there is a need to survey different types of patterns and find a common concept of patterns. A pattern is based on experience found in the real world. A text or a model or a combination of the both can describe the pattern. A pattern is typically described in terms of context, forces, problem, and solution. These can be explicitly expressed or implicitly found in the description of the pattern. The types of patterns dealt with are: object-oriented patterns; design patterns, analysis patterns; data model patterns; domain patterns; business patterns; workflow patterns and the deontic pattern. The different types of patterns are presented using the authors' own terminology. The patterns described in the survey are classified with respect to different aspects. The intention of this analysis is to form a taxonomy for patterns and to bring order into the vast amount of patterns. This is an important step in order to find out how patterns are used and can be used in Information Systems Engineering. The aspects used in the classification are: level of abstraction; text or model emphasis; product or process emphasis; life cycle stage usage and combinations of these aspects. Finally an outline for future areas of research is presented. The areas that have been considered of interest are: patterns and Information Systems Engineering methods; patterns and tools (tool support for patterns); patterns as a pedagogical aid; the extraction and documentation of patterns and patterns and novel applications of information technology. Each future area of research is sketched out.

Nos últimos anos, estudos têm indicado deficiências ou problemas nos projetos de desenvolvimento de software. Tais estudos indicam importância de um bom processo de gerenciamento de projetos para os projetos de TI. Este trabalho utiliza o Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBoK) como modelo de referência para fazer uma avaliação do gerenciamento de projetos do Rational Unified Process (RUP). O objetivo desta avaliação é identificar possíveis lacunas nos processos do RUP perante os processos recomendados pelo PMBoK. O PMBoK apresenta um conjunto de guias ou práticas recomendadas para um bom gerenciamento de projetos. Entretanto, ele não determina como projetar ou implantar as melhorias necessárias no processo de gerenciamento. Para preencher as lacunas identificadas, este trabalho propõe um método para melhoria de processos de software aplicando process patterns. A partir do método proposto, o objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma extensão do RUP com ênfase no gerenciamento de projetos do PMBoK baseada em process patterns. / In the past few years, several studies noticed problemas or deficiencies in software development processes. Such studies have indicated that a good project management process is crucial for the success of IT projects. The present study uses the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBoK) as a reference model to assess the project management processes in the Rational Unified Process (RUP). The main goal of the assessment is the identification of gaps in RUP\'s processes in comparison to the recommended PMBoK\'s processes. The PMBoK describes a set of generally accepted practices for project management. Unfortunatelly, the PMBoK does not explain how to design or implement such practices in a project management process. In order to fill the identified gaps, the present study defines a method for software process improvement applying process patterns. Using the method, the process patterns concepts are used to elaborate an extension of the RUP based on the PMBoK\'s processes.

Nos últimos anos, estudos têm indicado deficiências ou problemas nos projetos de desenvolvimento de software. Tais estudos indicam importância de um bom processo de gerenciamento de projetos para os projetos de TI. Este trabalho utiliza o Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBoK) como modelo de referência para fazer uma avaliação do gerenciamento de projetos do Rational Unified Process (RUP). O objetivo desta avaliação é identificar possíveis lacunas nos processos do RUP perante os processos recomendados pelo PMBoK. O PMBoK apresenta um conjunto de guias ou práticas recomendadas para um bom gerenciamento de projetos. Entretanto, ele não determina como projetar ou implantar as melhorias necessárias no processo de gerenciamento. Para preencher as lacunas identificadas, este trabalho propõe um método para melhoria de processos de software aplicando process patterns. A partir do método proposto, o objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma extensão do RUP com ênfase no gerenciamento de projetos do PMBoK baseada em process patterns. / In the past few years, several studies noticed problemas or deficiencies in software development processes. Such studies have indicated that a good project management process is crucial for the success of IT projects. The present study uses the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBoK) as a reference model to assess the project management processes in the Rational Unified Process (RUP). The main goal of the assessment is the identification of gaps in RUP\'s processes in comparison to the recommended PMBoK\'s processes. The PMBoK describes a set of generally accepted practices for project management. Unfortunatelly, the PMBoK does not explain how to design or implement such practices in a project management process. In order to fill the identified gaps, the present study defines a method for software process improvement applying process patterns. Using the method, the process patterns concepts are used to elaborate an extension of the RUP based on the PMBoK\'s processes.

No description available.

<p>Software patterns have been proven as a valuable way to storing a repeatable solution to a commonly occurring problem in software design. A pattern is not a finished design that can be directly formed into program code; instead it is a description how to solve a problem that may occur in many situations.</p><p>In the ontology community very little research have been made in producing high-level patterns where the solution shows how an architecture of an ontology based software might look like.</p><p>In this thesis the results of examining how high-level patterns of this type relates to other types of patterns are given and how these patterns would be described are formulated.</p>

This thesis presents two separate and complementary tools for understanding and analyzing design patterns. The first tool, the High-Level Pattern Representation (HiLPR), exposes the fundamental characteristics hidden within a design pattern's solution. This tool combines the information in parallel patterns' solutions and forces, and integrates information that is critical for pattern implementation. The second tool, the Dynamic Pattern Categorization (DPC), works between all of the patterns in an entire pattern language, and groups patterns of similar characteristics to support analysis and selection. Possible categories are presented and discussed, and further work can combine the exposure of characteristics from HiLPR into categorization by the DPC. The evaluation of these tools highlights a hidden weakness of current design pattern languages and practices. The conclusions raised by this work suggest that there are methods that will support pattern language construction. / Graduate

Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD), or Data Mining is used to discover interesting or useful patterns and relationships in data, with an emphasis on large volume of observational databases. Among many other types of information (knowledge) that can be discovered in data, patterns that are expressed in terms of features are popular because they can be understood and used directly by people. The recently proposed Emerging Pattern (EP) is one type of such knowledge patterns. Emerging Patterns are sets of items (conjunctions of attribute values) whose frequency change significantly from one dataset to another. They are useful as a means of discovering distinctions inherently present amongst a collection of datasets and have been shown to be a powerful method for constructing accurate classifiers. (For complete abstract open document)

This study investigates the variation in the spatial patterns of Diptera and Collembola throughout the forest canopy due to seasonal changes in temperature and humidity in the monsoon climate of West Africa. There is a very distinct turnover in climate from the end of the dry season (the hottest and driest time of the year) to the beginning of the rains and this coincides with significant increases and decreases in the overall abundance of many forest dwelling Diptera and Collembola species. The study investigates spatial patterns on two gradients; vertically from the ground to the high canopy and laterally from the edge of the forest to the core, with the added complexity of the affects of anthropogenic burning of adjacent savannah. The results show that seasonality and the starting of the rains significantly affect both the overall abundance and the spatial patterns, providing species with a strategic change in habitat niche. During seasonal conditions that are less conducive to species' overall abundance, spatial patterns are suppressed by environmental conditions. However when environmental conditions are optimum for increased species abundance, spatial patterns are only suppressed by the availability of resources within the habitat (feeding or reproductive resources for example). Successive late burning events may have changed the structure of the forest edge introducing a significantly more open forest structure changing environmental conditions and thus creating a habitat more suitable for species which prefer lower humidity and higher temperatures.

A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine. / Background and Significance: Spectral Domain-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is one of the most widely used imaging modality in Ophthalmology. It utilizes light waves to visualize the various layers of the retina. The OCT machines offer two different scan patterns, the circular and the cube scan patters. It is important to compare these scan pattern to see if any discrepancy exist in quantifying retinal indices. One of the newer indices is the Bruch’s membrane opening minimum rim width (BMO-MRW), which is the minimum distance between from the BMO to the inner limiting membrane (ILM). The BMO-MRW is being used in the diagnosis of glaucoma. Hypothesis: To compare the cube and radial scan patterns of the SD-OCT for quantifying the BMO-MRW. We hypothesis that there might be some differences between the two scan patterns.