Wind patterns in the Pacific Ocean fluctuate seasonally, annually, and decadally, resulting in changes in the dispersal of volcanic smog (vog) across the Hawaiian Islands. A variety of synoptic-scale weather patterns can affect the Islands, creating variability in the direction and intensity of wind patterns. Recent changes in wind profiles were analyzed to identify possible patterns that could influence and increase the dispersion of vog over time on Hawai’i Island and the other Hawaiian Islands to the northwest. Historically, Northeast Trade Winds prevailed for much of the year, shifting vog into the Pacific Ocean southwest of Hawaii and away from the state’s principal population centers, but Northeast Trade Winds have shown a 20+% reduction over the past several decades. An increase in the southerly source of prevailing wind increased the frequency and intensity of vog and its impacts on the environment and health and well-being of people across the Islands.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 30-November 02, 1995 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada / This paper describes a novel Radiating Antenna Digital Pattern Analysis Test system (RADPAT). The RADPAT system consists of a portable computer and a compact electronic module (EM) that interfaces to the antenna under test . The EM has standardized inputs and outputs that make it easy to adapt to any antenna or antenna system. In addition to functioning as a standard radiation pattern recorder, the RADPAT system can record conically scanning (CONSCAN), single channel monopulse, or sequential lobing patterns with only one sweep per axis . Since the radiation pattern is recorded digitally, it can automatically extract actual system data such as the error slope, crosstalk, 3 or 10 dB beamwidths, sidelobe levels, boresight shift, etc.. The briefcase size RADPAT system is portable, weighing only 18 lbs (8 kg). This can be a significant advantage for either verification of system parameters or for troubleshooting a component or system problem . Thus, the RADPAT system combined with a standard pattern receiver or a telemetry receiver can provide instantaneous, on-site evaluation of the radiation characteristics of an installed antenna system.

People in all known cultures play games and today digital gaming is an important leisure activity for hundreds of millions of people. At the same time game design has developed into a profession of its own. There are several practical game design guidelines and text books but they rarely manage to connect their findings into relevant areas of research such as psychology and design research. Understanding game design, both as an activity and as an end result of that activity, in a more profound way could alleviate this problem. The main goals of this thesis are to understand in a more profound way how to design games and based on that understanding develop frameworks and methods for aiding game design. By extending knowledge about game design can not only improve the quality of the end-products but also expand the potential design space even in unpredictable ways. Game design contains many sub-areas. Character, story, and environment design are integral parts of the current game development projects. The aim of this thesis, however, is to have a critical and exploratory look at structures of gameplay as design material. Gameplay is the interaction between the game rules, challenges, elements, and players.In one sense gameplay defines the game. The focus of the thesis is mainly analytical, although parts of the results are based on practical research through design activities. The thesis contributes to game research in three interralated ways: (1) An analytical contribution to understanding gameplay was done in the gameplay design patterns work. The patterns are described as an approach to both analyse existing games and aid in designing new games. The patterns describe recurrent gameplay and also analyse these structures from the design material point of view. (2) A theoretical study of basis for gameplay experiences was conducted through review of relevant models and theories in neuroaesthetics, cognitive and social psychology and game research. The framework offered in the thesis explains why certain gameplay structures are more recurrent based on defining gameplay as caricatures of intentional behaviour. (3) The game design patterns approach and research through design projects have contributed to the analysis of game design as an activity and practical guidelines for concrete design work in more specific areas of game design. The goals of this thesis are ambitious and many questions are left unanswered. Using the patterns approach in conjunction with game design and ideation methods is still in its infancy. The concept of gameplay as caricatures of intentional behaviour should be explored further, especially in conjunction with other theories and frameworks relevant for understanding gameplay experience such as user engagement, immersion, and presence. Empirical experiments validating or falsifying this view on gameplay would be valuable as further contributions to game research.

Many of the immune effector functions of T-lymphocytes are mediated through cell-cell interactions involving membrane glycoproteins. During normal T-lymphocyte differentiation, many of these glycoproteins undergo changes in expression and structural modifications. To date, very little is known regarding altertions in the oligosaccharide groups of T-lymphocyte surface glycoproteins that accompany differentiation and maturation of these cells. For this purpose, a method for isolating glycoconjugates from the surface of intact cells was developed. This was achieved by treating acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells of the AKR mouse with biotinylated concanavalin A (different degrees of biotinylation and a variety of biotinyl derivatives were examined), and retrieving the detergent solubilised biotinylated-Con A/glycoprotein complexes on immobilised stretavidin. From [<SUP>35</SUP>S]-methionine labelled cells, surface glycoproteins isolated by this procedure were analysed by two dimensional gel electrophoresis. This technique of 'indirect affinity chromatography' developed here with intact cells provides significant improvements for studying cell surface components compared to other methods which use isolated plasma membrane preparations. The indirect affinity chromatography procedure was also used to analyse the carbohydrate groups of the isolated Con A-binding glycoproteins labelled with [2-<SUP>3</SUP>H]-mannose, and resulted in the identification of a high mannose, endoglycosidase H sensitive oligosaccharide at the surface of the acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells. The indirect affinity chromatography procedure was then applied in a comparative investigation of the difference between surface Con A-binding glycoproteins of quiescent and mitogen stimulated T-lymphpcytes. Using the two dimensional gel electrophoretic technique, changes in the expression of [<SUP>35</SUP>S]-methionine labelled Con A-binding glycoproteins were analysed. This sensitive technique allowed the detection of at least five major radiolabelled glycoproteins from stimulated T-lymphocytes that could not be detected in the profile of glycoproteins isolated from quiescent T-lymphocytes. The oligosaccharide groups of the Con A-binding, [2-<SUP>3</SUP>H]-mannose labelled glycoproteins isolated from quiescent and Con A-stimulated T-lymphocytes were compared. The predominant glycopeptide isolated from activated T-lymphocytes, using indirect affinity chromatography, was analysed by gel filtration following treatment with endo- and exoglycosidases and was shown to have a Man<SUB>5</SUB>G1cNAc<SUB>2</SUB>-structure. Since this oligosaccharide could not be isolated from the surface of quiescent T-lymphocytes the significance of its surface location in stimulated T-lymphocytes is discussed. This project shows that protein bound glycan patterns change with mitogenic activation of T-lymphocytes and strengthens the view that particular glycoproteins are differently glycosylated during stages of cellular development and these altered carbohydrate chains have different, specific functions. In an attempt to explain why Man<SUB>5</SUB>G1cNAc<SUB>2</SUB>- was synthesised by stimulated T-lymphocytes but not by quiescent T-lymphocytes, the enzyme G1cNAc-transferase I, for which this oligosaccharide is a substrate, was assayed in both types of cell. No conclusive answer was provided by this investigation, however, the hypothesis proposed in this dissertation, that changes in the activity of G1cNAc-transferase I with mitogenic stimulation result in the appearance of the Man<SUB>5</SUB>G1cNAc<SUB>2</SUB> oligosaccharide at the surface of Con A-stimulated T-lymphocytes, is discussed.

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