(in English): This paper deals with early views on industrial pauperism in texts intended for a public reading in the western part of the Habsburg monarchy during the pre-March period (here 1830-1848) and at the time of the revolution in 1848-1849. The main observed phenomenon is the dynamics of social and political imagination of the Austrian society in a relation to structural processes of European modernization. On two basic areas, journalism and literature, it explores development of views on the mass poverty from the general romantic rejection of modernization process to the proposals for solutions of the social question, which were formulated on the basis of affiliation to any political camp, for example, education by liberalism or the welfare state by socialism. The work does not deal so much with a thinking of big personalities of social theory, but rather focuses on the everyday negotiations dichotomy of "old" and "new", which was led by nowadays more or less forgotten authors.

The Legislation of Providing Health Care of Residents in the Czech Lands from 1918- 1966 Thesis deals with the development of the legislation of providing health care of residents in Czech Lands from 1918 to 1966, which was effective only in Bohemia. The introductory chapters are about the legislation since 1848 due to reception of the legislation from the Austria-Hungary (often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire in English-language sources). This inherited legislation is mainly about the right of the domicile, health and social care and public health. The authoress divided this thesis into three main chapters about public health care according to timely periods. The main chapters contain subchapters specializing in specific legislation of the individual components of public health. First chapter is about reception of the health care legislation from the Austria- Hungary, about public health care legislation, health system from the perspective of the administrative law, the legislation of the medical service, about the rights and duties of doctors and patients, and finally about funeral legislation. Second chapter is about short excursion to health care legislation in Protectorate Bohemia and Moravia whereby thesis intentionally omits this period closer, because its specific legislation...

This research presents a regional study of the implementation of the 1834 Poor Law Amendment Act (commonly known as the New Poor Law) and its operation in Hertfordshire up to 1847. It examines the economic costs of poor relief across the whole of this rural southern county but it also adopts a microhistory approach to examine in detail how the New Poor Law was implemented and administered in four poor law unions: Hatfield, Hitchin, St Albans and Watford. This study makes national and intra-county comparisons of poor relief data, policy and practice. This research focuses on people as well as place and examines how different groups influenced poor law policy and practice. It makes an important finding about the role played by the second Marquis of Salisbury (a prominent Hertfordshire resident) in the review of the poor laws and the legislation that followed. At the local level this thesis explores the process of implementation and gives new emphasis to the contribution made by the assistant poor law commissioners to both process and policy in the initial years of the New Poor Law. This study is unusual in the attention given to the middlemen of the poor law machinery - the poor law guardians and poor law officers including: medical officers, workhouse masters, relieving officers and schoolmasters and mistresses. This detailed examination of the local guardians challenges the existing historiography on the social demography of this body of men, demonstrates that the influence of elite personnel persisted and adds new data to support the argument that the operation of the poor laws was not just regionally but locally diverse. The workhouse, so symbolic of the New Poor Law and an essential component of the deterrent ideology, is considered in the context of attitudes around its construction and capacity as well as its everyday operation. This thesis adds to the poor law historiography with new data on a previously under-researched area of the country; it provides new information on the development of poor law policy, but more importantly it draws attention to the role of the middlemen and how their individual contributions influenced poor law policy and practice.

Cette thèse se propose d'étudier, dans le cadre d'une exégèse des textes de Marx compris entre 1844 et 1867, la manière dont ce dernier a conçu la prostitution et les rapports entre les sexes. La prostitution se présente tout d'abord de façon double : elle est associé au mariage et à la propriété privée familiale et elle désigne une activité sociale proprement dite. Pour éclairer le rapport de Marx à ces questions, il est nécessaire de faire retour sur sa conception du prolétariat et des classes sociales. L'analyse suivie des textes de Marx montre que c'est à partir de 1845, lorsque Marx pose sa propre conception des classes sociale, qu'il pose d'une part, la notion de Lumpenproletariat et d'autre part, le concept de la propriété privée familiale. L'activité sociale prostitutionnelle est alors définitivement rangée dans le Lumpenproletariat et l'association entre le mariage et la prostitution n'est plus valable que pour la bourgeoisie, la famille ouvrière ayant été dissoute. L'évolution théorique de Marx le conduit à réintroduire le concept de la famille pour la classe ouvrière, concept qui lui permettra dans le livre I du Capital d'envisager les rapports entre les sexes de manière contradictoire au sein de la classe ouvrière. Les rapports entre les sexes, envisagés d'abord d'un point de vue générique et du point de vue de la propriété privée familiale, conduiront Marx à mettre en lumière le processus d'individualisation des « membres » de la famille ouvrière après l'entrée des femmes et des enfants dans le monde social du travail. Ce travail s'inscrit dans l'histoire de la philosophie, il a donc pour ambition une lecture interne de l’œuvre de Marx qui permette de mettre en lumière sa position sur la prostitution et les rapports entre les sexes mais il a aussi vocation à permettre d'ouvrir un dialogue entre les courants du marxisme et les études de genre dans une perspective interdisciplinaire. / This dissertation studies, in the framework of an exegesis of the texts of Marx between 1844 and 1867, the way in which the former conceived of prostitution and of the relations between the sexes. Prostitution is presented in two ways: it is associated with marriage and private family property and it designates a social activity, as such. To shed light on Marx's report to these questions, it is necessary to review his conception of the proletariat and social classes. An analysis of Marx's texts shows that this begins in 1845, when Marx conceived of his own conception of social class. He proposed, on the one hand, the concept of Lumpenproletariat and, on the other hand, the concept of private family property. The social activity of prostitution is thus definitely included in the Lumpenproletariat; further, the association between marriage and prostitution is only valid for the bourgeoisie, as the working class family had been dissolved. Marx's theoretical evolution led him to reintroduce the concept of the family for the working class, a concept that would enable him in Book I of Capital to envisage relations between the sexes in a contradictory manner within the working class. The relationship between the sexes, first considered from both a generic point of view and from the point of view of private family ownership, will lead Marx to highlight the process of individualization of the "members" of the working class family after the entry of women and children into the social world of work. This work is part of the history of philosophy, so the ambition of this dissertation is to read internally the work of Marx that highlights its position on prostitution and gender relations; it also aims to to open a dialogue between the currents of Marxism and gender studies in an interdisciplinary perspective.