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11	Caracteriza??o da captura incidental de tartarugas marinhas pela pesca de espinhel pel?gico no Nordeste do Brasil Coluchi, Rodrigo 08 December 2006 (has links) Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:02:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoC.pdf: 1253605 bytes, checksum: 901bba0a33ba9a917533656bc7e7c6b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-08 / The marine turtles biological characteristics and the impact they have been suffering in consequence of human activities have caused in the last decades the decrease of populations to unsustainable levels. All four of the species described in this paper are registered as endangered in a list by IUCN: Caretta caretta, Lepidochelys olivacea, Chelonia mydas, Dermochelys coriacea. The main causes of such impact include several fishing activities, mostly the surface longline. This paper discusses the monitoring of two foreigner longline fleet along the North East Brazilian coast between October of 2004 and September of 2005. Both operated in the West South Atlantic, one using the Chinese technique and the other the American. The American method s target species is the swordfish (Xiphias gladius), and it is characterized by using squid as bait, J 9/0 offset 5? hook, light sticks and night soaking. It also operates in shallower waters than the Chinese method. The source of information about the efforts and the catches came from onboard observers and were used to calculate the catching rate of turtles over 1000 hooks (CPUE). The American equipment caught more turtles (CPUE = 0,059; N= 103), mainly D. coriacea, while the Chinese longline caught mainly the L. olivacea and presented a CPUE= 0,018 (N= 89). The hooks were most frequently found attached to the mouth of C. caretta, C. mydas, and L. olivacea. The D. coriacea were most frequently caught by hooks externally attached to different parts of their body. There was no significant difference between the hook type catching and most turtles were still alive when released. The results suggest a greater potential of turtle catching by the American method. Besides the statistic tests have showed less interaction between the Chinese equipment and marine turtles, the catches of this fishing technique could have been underestimated due to miscommunication between the onboard observer and the vessel s crew plus the retrieve of the longline during night time / As caracter?sticas biol?gicas das tartarugas marinhas em conjunto com as diversas perturba??es antr?pica sofridas ao longo do tempo t?m reduzido v?rias popula??es para n?veis quase invi?veis de se manterem, atualmente, as quatro esp?cies registradas nesse trabalho s?o citadas na lista de fauna amea?ada da Uni?o Internacional para Conserva??o da Natureza - IUCN (Caretta caretta, Chelonia mydas, Dermochelys coriacea e Lepidochelys olivacea). Entre os principais riscos que est?o sujeitas as tartarugas marinhas podemos citar as atividades pesqueiras de maneira geral e em especial o espinhel pel?gico de superf?cie. O presente estudo apresenta o monitoramento realizado junto a duas frotas estrangeiras de espinhel de superf?cie sediadas no nordeste do Brasil, ente outubro de 2004 e setembro de 2005. Ambas atuaram no Atl?ntico Sul Ocidental, sendo que o espinhel chin?s teve como objetivo a captura de atuns (Thunnus spp), utilizando peixe como isca, anzol tipo tunna hook e imers?o do petrecho de pesca durante o dia. A esp?cie alvo do petrecho chamado de americano foi o espadarte (Xiphias gladius), que se caracterizou por utilizar lula como isca, anzol tipo J 9/0 offset 5?, atrator luminoso, imers?o noturna e mais rasa do que o chin?s. As informa??es a respeito do esfor?o e das capturas foram provenientes de observadores de bordo e utilizadas para calcular os ?ndices de capturas de tartarugas por 1000 anz?is (CPUE). O petrecho americano capturou mais tartarugas (CPUE= 0,059, N= 113) e foi mais representado por D. coriacea, enquanto o espinhel chin?s apresentou CPUE = 0,018 (N= 89) e L. olivacea como a esp?cie mais numerosa. O local mais comum de insers?o do anzol em C. caretta, C. mydas e L. olivacea foi a boca. As D.coriacea foram mais capturadas quando o anzol se prendeu externamente. N?o houve diferen?a significativa das capturas conforme o tipo de anzol, e os indiv?duos liberados vivos predominaram. Os resultados encontrados corroboram com o maior potencial de capturas de tartarugas atribu?do ?s caracter?sticas do petrecho que tem como alvo os espadartes. No entanto, testes estat?sticos demonstraram que, apesar do petrecho voltado ? captura de atuns interagir menos com tartarugas marinhas, as capturas na pescaria chinesa foram subestimadas devido ? dificuldade de comunica??o do observador com a tripula??o e recolhimento do espinhel durante a noite Tartarugas marinhas Captura incidental Espinhel pel?gio Nordeste do Brasil Marine turtles Incidental capture Surface longline North East Brazilian
12	Padr?es cromoss?micos e mapeamento de genes ribossomais 18S e 5S em peixes pel?gicos Atl?nticos Soares, Rodrigo Xavier 27 April 2012 (has links) Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:33:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoXS_DISSERT.pdf: 1797294 bytes, checksum: f032295b5b46cf49baf85e9aff88c766 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Cytogenetic studies in fish have been contributed significantly to a better understanding of the marine biodiversity, presenting information related to characterization, evolution and conservation of species e fisheries stocks. Among the marine species which cytogenetic data are less well known pelagic forms are detached, that despite the economic importance and conservation efforts have been suffering great pressure from the artisanal and industrial fisheries. The present work characterized cytogenetically six species of large pelagic fish in the Atlantic, belonging to the Order Perciformes, among them, four species of Scombridae, Thunnus albacares, T. obesus, Scomberomorus brasiliensis and Acanthocybium solandri and two Coryphaenidae, Coryphaena equiselis and C. hippurus using Classical cytogenetic methods as conventional staining, C-banding and Ag-NORs and molecular through staining fluorochromes AT and GC-specific and mapping of ribosomal multigene families, 18S and 5S. The identification of phylogenetic patterns and cytotaxonomic markers between the species and the presence of sex chromosomes in at least one species of Coryphaenidae, are particularly useful in the formulating of phylogenetic hypotheses, as well as comparisons between groups and populations / Os estudos citogen?ticos em peixes v?m contribuindo significantemente para um melhor conhecimento sobre a biodiversidade marinha, apresentando informa??es voltadas ? caracteriza??o, evolu??o e conserva??o de esp?cies e estoques pesqueiros. Entre as esp?cies marinhas cujos dados citogen?ticos s?o menos conhecidos se destacam as formas pel?gicas, que apesar da import?ncia econ?mica e de esfor?os conservacionistas v?m sofrendo grande press?o da pesca artesanal e industrial. O presente trabalho caracterizou citogeneticamente seis esp?cies de grandes peixes pel?gicos no Atl?ntico, pertencentes ? Ordem Perciformes, dentre elas, quatro esp?cies de Scombridae, Thunnus albacares, T. obesus, Scomberomorus brasiliensis e Acanthocybium solandri e duas de Coryphaenidae, Coryphaena equiselis e C. hippurus utilizando m?todos citogen?ticos cl?ssicos, como colora??o convencional, bandamento C e Ag-RONs, e moleculares, atrav?s da colora??o com fluorocromos AT e GC-espec?ficos e mapeamento de fam?lias multig?nicas ribossomais 18S e 5S. A identifica??o de padr?es filogen?ticos e marcadores citotaxon?micos entre as esp?cies e a presen?a de cromossomos sexuais em pelo menos uma esp?cie de Coryphaenidae, s?o particularmente ?teis na formula??o de hip?teses filogen?ticas, bem como em compara??es entre grupos e popula??es CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA
13	Nationalistiska partier : En komparativ uppsats av Scottish National Partys och Junts pel Sís partiprogram Wilhelmsson, Josefine January 2015 (has links) In this comparative study of the two regions, Catalonia and Scotland, the party manifestos of the nationalistic parties will be compared, through an ideological point of view. In 2014 media gave attention to the two referendums, that the countries held quite close to each other. Europe were waiting with tension on the first elections results. The Scottish people voted no to independence from the United Kingdom. The Catalan people still went to the polls with high anticipation for independence for Catalonia, eventhough Spain had called the referendum illegal due to being against the constitution. In order to make a comparison between, the Scottish National Party and the coalition party Junts pel Sí, an ideological analysis has been made. The aim with the study is to see similarities and differences between the two regions’ nationalistic movements and also to tell them apart from other nationalistic movements, by defining the ideological type. The results show that they are both quite nationalistic in their nature, meaning that they both would prefer independence. However, the Scottish National Party is less striving for independence and seek more to have greater influence in the parliament at Westminster. The Catalan nationalistic coalition party, on the other hand, strongly wants independence. They desire a liberal democracy with an open Catalan market to the world, by international partnerships, and memberships with important international organs like the EU. Eventhough much might speak for the nationalistic movements’ similarities, many interesting and diverse differences were found. These discoveries are important because all nationalistic movements aren’t the same and shouldn’t be seen as such. Nationalism ideologies conservatism liberalism socialism Scottish National Party Junts pel Sí Together for Yes Catalonia Scotland Spain United Kingdom ideological analysis
14	Electrostaticanalisys the Ras active site Khan, Abdul Kareem 05 March 2009 (has links) La preorganització electrostàtica del centre actiu s'ha postulat com el mecanisme genèric de l'acció dels enzims. Així, alguns residus "estratègics" es disposarien per catalitzar reaccions interaccionant en una forma més forta amb l'estat de transició, baixant d'aquesta manera el valor de l'energia dactivació g cat. S'ha proposat que aquesta preorientació electrostática s'hauria de poder mostrar analitzant l'estabilitat electrostàtica de residus individuals en el centre actiu.Ras es una proteïna essencial de senyalització i actúa com un interruptor cel.lular. Les característiques estructurals de Ras en el seu estat actiu (ON) són diferents de les que té a l'estat inactiu (OFF). En aquesta tesi es duu a terme una anàlisi exhaustiva de l'estabilitat dels residus del centre actiu deRas en l'estat actiu i inactiu. / The electrostatic preorganization of the active site has been put forward as the general framework of action of enzymes. Thus, enzymes would position "strategic" residues in such a way to be prepared to catalyze reactions byinteracting in a stronger way with the transition state, in this way decreasing the activation energy g cat for the catalytic process. It has been proposed thatsuch electrostatic preorientation should be shown by analyzing the electrostatic stability of individual residues in the active site.Ras protein is an essential signaling molecule and functions as a switch in thecell. The structural features of the Ras protein in its active state (ON state) are different than those in its inactive state (OFF state). In this thesis, an exhaustive analysis of the stability of residues in the active and inactive Ras active site is performed. dinàmica centre actiu relacions d'estructura activitat preorganització reorganització estat de transició estat actiu estabilitat electrostàtica interacción proteïna-proteïna test de ranks de Wilcoxon P-loop G1 motif HVR metastability RMSD substrate assisted catalysis sequence alignment beta sheet helix Z-test wilcoxon rank test protein-protein interactions electrostatic stability active state dynamics signal transduction electrostatic stabilization ras effectors guanine exchange factor GTPase-activating proteins quantum mechanics/molecular PDLD/S-LRA X-ray crystallography solvation energy free energy perturbation statistical analysis GTP hydrolysis guanosine diphosphate guanosine triphosphate computer simulation thermodynamics protein conformation electrostatics interruptor II interruptor I llaç P motiu G1 HVR (regions altament variables) metaestabilita RMSD catàlisi assistida pel substrat aliniament de seqüència fulla beta hèlix test Z transducció del senyal estabilització electrostàtica efectors de ras factor de bescamvi de guanina proteïnes activadores de l'activitat mecànica quàntica/mecànica PDLD/S-LRA cristalografia de raigs X energia de solvatació perturbació de l'energia lliure anàlisi estadística hidròlisi de GTP difosfat de guanosina trifosfat de guanosina simulació computacional termodinàmica conformació proteïca electrostàtica switch-I switch-II 537 576

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