Orientador: Cláudia Vianna Maurer-Morelli / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T06:03:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Reis-Pinto_FernandaChristina_M.pdf: 1859636 bytes, checksum: b8c3841af89fe165c03148ebcc2437ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O uso de modelos animais tem trazido grandes benefícios para o conhecimento dos processos biológicos normais, bem como para uma maior compreensão das doenças humanas, inclusive as epilepsias. Embora os modelos de roedores sejam os mais usados para explorar os mecanismos que permeiam a epileptogênese, recentemente, um novo modelo animal foi proposto para o estudo das epilepsias, o Daniorerio. Popularmente conhecido como zebrafish, este pequeno peixe possui muitas vantagens para a experimentação científica, principalmente no que se refere à manipulação genética.O Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Cérebro (BDNF, do inglês, BrainDerivedNeurotrophicFactor) é a neurotrofina de maior abundância no sistema nervoso central e que está relacionada à plasticidade neuronal. Sabe-se que os níveis de transcritos e protéicos desta neurotrofina estão alterados nas epilepsias, tanto em humanos quanto em modelos animais; porém, o seu papel nesta condição ainda é controverso. Os principais objetivos deste estudo foram (i) investigar o perfil temporal de transcritos dos genes bdnfe seus receptores ntrk2a e ntrk2b após crise epiléptica aguda e (ii) após crises epilépticas repetitivas por meio da técnica da PCR quantitativa (qPCR) usando-se o sistema TaqManTM (AppliedBiosystems, Foster City). As crises epilépticas foram induzidas quimicamente por Pentilenotetrazol (PTZ) em animais adultos e seus encéfalos coletados nos tempos: (i) 0,05h, 12h, 24h, 48h, 72h pós-crise aguda e (ii) uma semana após indução de crise diária por cinco dias consecutivos. Os resultados mostraram que as crises epilépticas modificaram o perfil de expressão das neurotrofinas e apontou para um aumento dos níveis de RNAm do gene bdnf no tempo 0,05h (p= 0,01) que não é descrito em outros modelos. É importante salientar que esses resultados mostram que, no encéfalo do zebrafish, as neurotrofinas estão relacionadas com uma atividade neuronal anormal como em outros modelos animais e em humanos. Este é o primeiro estudo a investigar os níveis de transcritos do gene bdnf e seus receptores no encéfalo do zebrafish, contribuindo para a caracterização deste animal como modelo para estudos das epilepsias / Abstract: Animal models have been contributing to a better understanding of human diseases, including epilepsies. Although rodent models are common organisms used to investigate the mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis, recently, Daniorerio has gained attention as a promising model for epilepsy studies. Popular named as zebrafish, this little fish has many advantages for scientific investigation, especially those related to genetic manipulations. BDNF (Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor) is the main neurotropic factor in the central nervous system and it is related to neuronal plasticity. It has been reported that both BDNF transcript and protein levels are increased after seizures in patients and experimental models; however, the temporal transcript profile of the BDNF in the zebrafish brain is unknown. The main aim of this study was to investigate the transcripts profile of bdnf, and ntrk2antrk2b genes by quantitative PCR (qPCR) using TaqManTM system (Applied Biosystems, Foster City), (i) after a single seizure and (ii) repetitive seizures. Seizures were chemically induced by Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in adult animals and their brains collected at (i) 0,05h, 12h, 24h, 48h, and 72h after acute seizure and (ii) one week after single seizure/day by five consecutive days. Our results showed that in the zebrafish brain, changes in neurotrophins transcript levels were related to an abnormal neuronal activity as seems in other experimental models and patients and presented an increase of bdnf mRNA levels at 0,05h (p=0.01) described for the first time. This is the first study exploring transcript profile of neurotrophins in zebrafish brain and contributes to characterize it as a model for epilepsy studies / Mestrado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Mestra em Ciências Médicas

Les modèles kainate et pentylènetétrazole représentent deux modèles d’épilepsie du lobe temporal dont les conséquences à long terme sont différentes. Le premier est un modèle classique d’épileptogénèse avec crises récurrentes spontanées tandis que le second se limite aux crises aigües. Nous avons d’abord caractérisé les différents changements survenant dans les circuits excitateurs et inhibiteurs de l’hippocampe adulte de rats ayant subi des crises à l’âge immature. Ensuite, ayant observé dans le modèle fébrile une différence du pronostic lié au genre, nous avons voulu savoir si cette différence était aussi présente dans des modèles utilisant des neurotoxines. L’étude électrophysiologique a démontré que les rats KA et PTZ, mâles comme femelles, présentaient une hyperactivité des récepteurs NMDA au niveau des cellules pyramidales du CA1, CA3 et DG. Les modifications anatomiques sous-tendant cette hyperexcitabilité ont été étudiées et les résultats ont montré une perte sélective des interneurones GABAergiques contenant la parvalbumine dans les couches O/A du CA1 des mâles KA et PTZ. Chez les femelles, seul le DG était légèrement affecté pour les PTZ tandis que les KA présentaient, en plus du DG, des pertes importantes au niveau de la couche O/A. Les évaluations cognitives ont démontré que seuls les rats PTZ accusaient un déficit spatial puisque les rats KA présentaient un apprentissage comparable aux rats normaux. Cependant, encore une fois, cette différence n’était présente que chez les mâles. Ainsi, nos résultats confirment qu’il y a des différences liées au genre dans les conséquences des convulsions lorsqu’elles surviennent chez l’animal immature. / Kainate and pentylenetetrazole models represent two animal models of temporal lobe epilepsy in which long-term consequences differ. The first model is a classical model of epileptogenesis with spontaneous recurrent seizures while the second one is limited to acute seizures. We wanted to characterize the difference in changes which occur in excitatory and inhibitory systems of the hippocampus of adult males and females having suffered an episode of status epilepticus during the immature stage of life. Besides having noticed a difference between genders in the febrile model, our second objective was to see if this difference was also present in models using neurotoxins. Electrophysiology recordings indicated that KA and PTZ rats (both male and female) showed a hyperactivity of NMDA receptors in CA1, CA3 and DG pyramidal cells. Anatomical modifications causing hyperactivity were studied and results show a selective loss of specific GABA interneurons PV in the O/A layer of CA1 region of the hippocampus in KA and PTZ male rats. However in female rats, only the DG layer was slightly affected in PTZ while female KA presented losses in both DG and O/A layers. Cognitive evaluation indicated that only PTZ rats showed a spatial impairment since KA rats had a similar learning pattern as controls. However, once again, that difference was observed only in males and not in females. In summary, our results confirmed that there is a difference between genders regarding brain damages after having suffered an episode of status epilepticus during the immature stage.

Les modèles kainate et pentylènetétrazole représentent deux modèles d’épilepsie du lobe temporal dont les conséquences à long terme sont différentes. Le premier est un modèle classique d’épileptogénèse avec crises récurrentes spontanées tandis que le second se limite aux crises aigües. Nous avons d’abord caractérisé les différents changements survenant dans les circuits excitateurs et inhibiteurs de l’hippocampe adulte de rats ayant subi des crises à l’âge immature. Ensuite, ayant observé dans le modèle fébrile une différence du pronostic lié au genre, nous avons voulu savoir si cette différence était aussi présente dans des modèles utilisant des neurotoxines. L’étude électrophysiologique a démontré que les rats KA et PTZ, mâles comme femelles, présentaient une hyperactivité des récepteurs NMDA au niveau des cellules pyramidales du CA1, CA3 et DG. Les modifications anatomiques sous-tendant cette hyperexcitabilité ont été étudiées et les résultats ont montré une perte sélective des interneurones GABAergiques contenant la parvalbumine dans les couches O/A du CA1 des mâles KA et PTZ. Chez les femelles, seul le DG était légèrement affecté pour les PTZ tandis que les KA présentaient, en plus du DG, des pertes importantes au niveau de la couche O/A. Les évaluations cognitives ont démontré que seuls les rats PTZ accusaient un déficit spatial puisque les rats KA présentaient un apprentissage comparable aux rats normaux. Cependant, encore une fois, cette différence n’était présente que chez les mâles. Ainsi, nos résultats confirment qu’il y a des différences liées au genre dans les conséquences des convulsions lorsqu’elles surviennent chez l’animal immature. / Kainate and pentylenetetrazole models represent two animal models of temporal lobe epilepsy in which long-term consequences differ. The first model is a classical model of epileptogenesis with spontaneous recurrent seizures while the second one is limited to acute seizures. We wanted to characterize the difference in changes which occur in excitatory and inhibitory systems of the hippocampus of adult males and females having suffered an episode of status epilepticus during the immature stage of life. Besides having noticed a difference between genders in the febrile model, our second objective was to see if this difference was also present in models using neurotoxins. Electrophysiology recordings indicated that KA and PTZ rats (both male and female) showed a hyperactivity of NMDA receptors in CA1, CA3 and DG pyramidal cells. Anatomical modifications causing hyperactivity were studied and results show a selective loss of specific GABA interneurons PV in the O/A layer of CA1 region of the hippocampus in KA and PTZ male rats. However in female rats, only the DG layer was slightly affected in PTZ while female KA presented losses in both DG and O/A layers. Cognitive evaluation indicated that only PTZ rats showed a spatial impairment since KA rats had a similar learning pattern as controls. However, once again, that difference was observed only in males and not in females. In summary, our results confirmed that there is a difference between genders regarding brain damages after having suffered an episode of status epilepticus during the immature stage.