Thesis (M.A.)--Marshall University, 2003. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 61 p. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-40).

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Internal fruit rot, caused by Fusarium lactis, is as an important disease of greenhouse sweet pepper. Fungal growth was studied microscopically during anthesis and fruit development. Hyphae were observed on the stigmatal surface one day after inoculation (DAI), and in the transmitting tissues of the style and inside the ovary at 5 and 6 DAI. Symptomless seeds from infected fruits yielded colonies of F. lactis when cultured axenically, and typical disease symptoms were observed when fruits were dissected at 45 DAI. Isolates of F. lactis and the related species F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides, which are also associated with internal fruit rot, produced the mycotoxins beauvericin, moniliformin and fumonisin B1 in various combinations, both in infected fruits and in vitro. These findings suggest that internal fruit rot is initiated through infection of the stigma and style during anthesis, and that mycotoxin contamination of infected fruit could pose a health concern. / Plant Science

Le principal objectif de ce travail de recherche est de contribuer à la définition et optimisation de procédés traditionnels de séchage et congélation des piments, afin de valoriser ces produits tout en gardant leur qualité. Dans le cas du procédé de séchage, l’étude fondamentale des principaux phénomènes de transferts qui se produisent pendant cette opération, ainsi que l’identification des processus limitant, ont montré que malgré la simultanéité temporelle des processus de transfert de matière et de chaleur, leur action couplée sur l'élément moteur de l'opération est de type de causalité en série. C'est ainsi que, lors du séchage par entraînement du produit, le transfert de matière interne correspond au phénomène limitant. De cette manière, afin d’intensifier l’opération de séchage, le procédé « swell drying », couplage du séchage par air chaud à la technologie de Détente Instantanée Contrôlée (DIC), a été étudié. L’application du procédé « swell drying » sur les piments, a permis d’améliorer les cinétiques de séchage à travers l’augmentation de la diffusivité effective de l’eau et l’accessibilité initiale de la surface des produits. De même, grâce à la nouvelle structure expansée, ce procédé a permis d’augmenter la durée de vie des produits secs à travers la réduction de l’activité de l’eau et l’augmentation de la surface spécifique. Par ailleurs, les propriétés fonctionnelles (habilité de réhydratation et capacité de rétention d’eau) et les propriétés nutritionnelles (contenu d’antioxydants et capacité antioxydant) ont été aussi améliorées. Dans le respect du procédé de congélation traditionnel, et pour l’intensifier, une étape de séchage partiel, suivi du traitement DIC avant la congélation a été proposée. Ce couplage a permis d'augmenter l’extraction des antioxydants ainsi que leur capacité antioxydante, en état plus remarquable dans le cas de flavonoïdes. Finalement, avec ces résultats, il peut être conclu que le procédé DIC couplé au séchage par convection et à la congélation peut jouer un rôle important pour la valorisation et transformation des piments. / The present research work had as main objective to contribute to the comprehension, development and improvement of the traditional drying and freezing process applied to peppers. In the case of drying process, the fundamental study of the main transfer phenomena occurred during hot air drying and the identification of the limiting process, showed that even if there exist simultaneity of the four processes of heat and mass transfer, the whole process take place in causality series. Therefore, it has been highlighted the internal mass transfer as the mainly limiting process. In this manner, with the aim to intensify the drying operation, the “Swell drying” process, the hot air drying coupling to the Instant Controlled Pressure Drop (DIC process) was studied.The application of “swell drying” process on peppers, allowed enhancing the drying kinetics by increasing the effective diffusivity of water and the starting accessibility at the surface of the products. Furthermore, thanks to the new expanded structure, this process allowed to increase the shelf life of products by decreasing their water activity and increasing their specific surface area. Moreover, the functional properties (ability of rehydration and water holding capacity) and nutritional properties (antioxidant content and antioxidant capacity), were also improved. Regarding the freezing process, in order to intensify it, a stage of partial dehydration followed by the DIC treatment was inserted previous freezing. This coupling of processes, allowed to increase the antioxidant extraction and the antioxidant capacity of the products, being special important for flavonoids. Finally, with these results it can be concluded that the DIC process, coupling to traditional drying and freezing could play an important role on the valorization and transformation of peppers.

Pica, nos hace ponernos rojos, pero también alivia el dolor. La capsaicina es el componente principal del ají, ingrediente de tantas comidas en nuestro país. / It is spicy, it makes us blush, but it also relieves pain. Capsaicin is the main component of chili pepper, an ingredient in so many dishes in our country.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2002-07-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:23:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 jadoski_so_dr_botfca.pdf: 955059 bytes, checksum: 1fad512b6f64bcc5df5dcd3a581cc0af (MD5) / Este trabalho foi desenvolvido no ano agrícola 1999-2000, em casa de vegetação, no departamento de Engenharia Rural da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - UNESP, campus de Botucatu, SP. Tendo como objetivo principal estudar o efeito de diferentes manejos da água de irrigação sobre características morfológicas, fisiológicas e bioquímicas das plantas de pimentão. Utilizou-se a cultivar de pimentão híbrido Elisa, por um período de 230 dias após o transplante das mudas (DAT). O trabalho foi composto por dois experimentos: I) aplicação dos manejos da irrigação a 50 kPa e 1500 kPa, com e sem a presença de cobertura de polietileno preto sobre a superfície do solo, para o período de 29 a 168 DAT. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com seis repetições, e II) aplicação de deficiência hídrica severa no solo, através da suspensão das irrigações e retirada da cobertura de polietileno do solo, no período de 169 a 230 DAT. Concluiu-se que a utilização da cobertura de polietileno preto reduziu as perdas de água por evaporação direta através da superfície do solo, entretanto, sua influência foi reduzida na medida em que diminuiu o conteúdo de água do solo. A cultura apresentou a maior produção com o manejo da irrigação a 50 kPa, independente da utilização de cobertura sobre o solo. O manejo da irrigação a 1500 kPa, afetou a qualidade da produção através da diminuição das dimensões e do peso dos frutos... / This work was developed in the agricultural year of 1999-2000 in the Rural Engineering Department of Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – UNESP at Botucatu campus, São Paulo. The main objective was to evaluate the influence of different irrigation water management in the behavior of morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of sweet pepper plants. The cultivation of Elisa hybrid sweet pepper was developed during a period of 230 days after the transplant of the seedlings (DAT). The work was divided into too experiment: i) application of the irrigation water management at 50 kPa and 1500 kPa with and without the presence of black polyethylene covering over the soil, between 29 and 168 DAT. The randomized experimental design was used with six replications, and ii) severe water deficit in the soil through the suspension of the irrigations and the removing of the black polyethylene covering over the soil (169 to 230 DAT)...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

Resumo: O pimentão (Capsicum annuum L.) está entre as dez hortaliças mais consumidas no Brasil. Dois potyvirus são verificados nesta cultura, o Potato virus Y (PVY) e o Pepper yellow mosaic virus (PepYMV). Foi avaliada entre outubro de 2007 a novembro de 2008, a ocorrência de potyvirus infectando Capsicum spp. nos municípíos de Pirajú, Pirajuí, Paranapanema, Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, Sorocaba, São Miguel Arcanjo, Itapetininga, Reginópolis, Lins, Iacanga e Mogi-Mirim, do Estado de São Paulo. Das 408 amostras coletadas, 105 foram positivas para a presença de potyvirus utilizando-se antissoro antipotyvirus (Agdia). Em algumas amostras foi detectada a presença de infecção mista com o Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) e begomovírus. A inoculação de cinqüenta e um isolados na série diferencial de Capsicum spp contendo os genes pvr21, pvr22 e Pvr4, dos quais dez foram provenientes da Empresa Sakata Seed Sudamérica, possibilitou a classificação de dois isolados em patótipo 0, três em patótipo 1, seis em patótipo 1.2, onze em patótipo 1.2.3 e treze em patótipo 1-3 de PVY. Dezesseis isolados não puderam ser classificados em patótipos. Não foi verificada correlação entre local de coleta e ocorrência de um patótipo específico, evidenciando grande variabilidade biológica dos isolados de potyvirus no campo. Nenhum dos isolados coletados ocasionou sintomas evidentes em plantas de pimentão Rubia R e Magali R, indicando que a resistência conferida por estes híbridos ainda é efetiva contra os isolados de potyvirus predominantes no campo. Um par de primers PepNib (5' GWTSGYYGMMTTGGATGATG 3') e PepUTR (5' AGTAGTACAGGAAAAGCC 3') foi 2 obtido para amplificação completa da região codificadora da proteína capsidial de PVY e PepYMV. Analisando-se esta região do genoma viral, pôde-se constatar predominância da espécie PepYMV. O PVY foi encontrado somente em coletas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the ten most consumed vegetables in the country. In Brazil, two potyviruses are verified in this culture, the Potato virus Y (PVY) and the Pepper yellow mosaic virus (PepYMV). Between October 2007 and November 2008, the occurrence of potyvirus infecting Capsicum spp. was evaluated on plants collected from Piraju, Pirajuí, Paranapanema, Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, Sorocaba, São Miguel Arcanjo, Itapetininga, Reginópolis, Lins, Iacanga and Mogi-Mirim, in Sao Paulo State. Among the 408 collected samples, 105 were positive for the presence of potyvirus using antipotyvirus antiserum (Agdia). The presence of mixed infection with the Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and begomovirus was also verified. The inoculation of fifty one isolates on the series of Capsicum spp. containing the genes pvr21, pvr22 and Pvr4, ten of them isolates from the Sakata Seed Sudamerica Company, made it possible the classification of these isolates in different pathotypes. Two isolates were classified as pathotype 0, three in pathotype 1, six in 4 pathotype 1.2, eleven in pathotype 1.2.3 and thirteen in pathotype 1.3 of PVY. Sixteen isolates were not able to be classified in pathotypes of PVY. No correlation could be made between the origin of the isolate and the presence of an specific pathotype, indicanting a greet biological variability between the potyvirus isolates. None of the isolates collected in the field caused symptoms in Rubia R and Magali R, indicating that the resistance provided by these hybrids is still effective against the predominant isolates of potyvirus. A pair of primer PepNib (5' GWTSGYYGMMTTGGATGATG 3') and PepUTR (5' AGTAGTACAGGAAAAGCC 3') were obtained for the complete amplification of the capsid protein region of PVY and PepYMV isolates. PepYMV was the prevalent species of potyvirus found infecting sweet peppers. The PVY was found only... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Renate Krause Sakate / Coorientador: Marcelo Agenor Pavan / Banca: Antonio Carlos Maringoni / Banca: Ricardo Gioria / Mestre

Neste trabalho, avaliou-se a eficácia do uso da oleoresina de capsaicina, extraído das pimentas Malagueta, Red Savina e Bhut Jolokia, no tratamento da superfície de madeiras do gênero Pinus sp. com teores de umidade de equilíbrio de 12% e 0%. Os corpos de prova foram submetidos ao ataque de fungos Paecilomyces variotti e Pycnoporus sanguineus. Foi utilizado um preservante sintético conhecido comercialmente como stain para se comparar com a eficiência de preservantes naturais à base de oleoresina de capsaicina. A partir de medidas de ângulo de contato das superfícies das madeiras tratadas com o óleo de capsaicina, observou-se que a pimenta Bhut Jolokia e o preservante stain proporcionavam menor molhabilidade para a espécie de madeira estudada em ambos teores de umidade. O tratamento preservante fez com que a energia de superfície diminuísse se comparada aos valores de amostras de madeiras sem o tratamento preservante devido às contribuições polares e dispersivas. A análise estatística dos resultados, pelo método de Tukey, mostrou que não existe um grupo de resultados estatisticamente equivalente aos obtidos com a amostra testemunha (sem tratamento). As amostras de Pinus sp. a um teor de umidade 0% mostrou-se mais protegida superficialmente quando modificada com a oleoresina extraída da pimenta Bhut Jolokia e o mesmo efeito foi observado estatisticamente para o preservante stain. A técnica de Langmuir foi utilizada para melhor compreender as interações capsaicina/ergosterol, capsaicina/DPPG (dipalmitoil fosfatidil glicerol) e capsaicina/DPPG/ergosterol. A isotermas de pressão de superfície vs área por molécula se mostraram mais expandidas quando a subfase continha oleoresina de capsacina e quando comparada com as de lipídio puro (DPPG), indicando assim, a inserção da capsaicina na monocamada. Em linhas gerais, oleoresina de capsaicina extraída da pimenta Bhut Jolokia mostrou-se mais eficiente em todos os aspectos se comparada com as pimentas Red Savina e Malagueta, marcando, assim, uma potencialidade para uso como preservante natural de madeiras. / The present study evaluated the effectiveness of capsaicin oleoresin extracted from Malagueta, Red Savina and Bhut Jolokia peppers in the surface treatment of Pinus sp. with moisture contents of 12% and 0%. The samples were submitted to the attack of Paecilomyces variotti and Pycnoporus sanguineus fungus. A synthetic wood preservative, that is commercially known as stain, was used to compare the effectiveness of natural preservatives based on capsaicin oleoresin. From contact angle measurements for wood surfaces treated with capsaicin oleoresin, it was obtained that Bhut Jolokia pepper and stain preservatives have provided worse wettability for wood samples at both moisture contents. The preservative treatment caused a decrease in the surface energy when compared to the samples without preservative treatment due to polar and dispersive contributions. Statistical analysis for the results by using the Tukey method showed that there is not a group of results that are statistically equivalent to those obtained for the control samples (without treatment). Pinus sp. samples at a moisture content of 0% showed to be more surface protected after being modified with the oleoresin extracted from Bhut Jolokia; the same effect was observed statistically for stain. The Langmuir technique was used to better understand interactions among capsaicin/ergosterol, capsaicin/DPPG (dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl glycerol) and capsaicin/DPPG/ergosterol. Surface pressure vs. area per molecule isotherms appeared to be even more extended when the subphase contained capsaicin oleoresin instead of pure lipid (DPPG), thus indicating the inclusion of capsaicin into the monolayer. In general, the capsaicin oleoresin extracted from Bhut Jolokia proved to be more efficient in all the aspects of characterization when compared to Red Savina and Malagueta highlighting its potential for use as a natural wood preservative.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Analisa a resposta a calogênese em dois acessos de pimenta, acesso 43- Capsicum annuum e acesso 40 - C. chinense, por meio da cultura de anteras visando à regeneração de plantas haplóides, correlacionar o tamanho do botão com o estádio do desenvolvimento do microscópio e avaliar a diversidade genética de 29 acessos de pimentas do Banco de Germoplasma da Universidade Federal de Roraima utilizando marcadores RAPD / The objective of this work was to analyze the adrogenesis in two pepper accessions, accession 43 - Capsicum annuum and access 40 - C. chinense, by the anther culture aiming to regenerate of haploids plants, to correlate the size of the bud with the development stadium of the of microscope and to evaluate the genetic diversity of 29 pepper accessions of Germoplasm of the Federal University of Roraima (UFRR) using RAPD markers