Background: Previous research suggests associations between energy balance, eating frequency, macronutrient content, and macronutrient distribution with body composition. In particular, energy balance and protein intake have been conventionally evaluated in 24-hr time blocks, consistent with dietary recommendations and general public understanding. However, there is a potential benefit to investigating energy balance and protein intake in smaller increments of time to account for dynamic changes that occur within-day.Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate protein intake/distribution relative to energy balance fluctuations during the day and body composition in collegiate female basketball players.Methods: Subjects provided information on dietary intake and expenditure. Body composition was assessed by multi-current bioelectrical impedance. Energy balance (EB) and related protein distribution variables were determined with a Computerized Time-Line Energy Analysis procedure. Data were analyzed for associations between energy balance, protein intake and distribution, and body composition. Data are displayed as either traditional 24-hr EB and total protein intake or dynamic protein variables in relation to real-time EB (ingestion within ± 400 kcal EB or > 0 kcal EB).Results: There was no relationship between net 24-hr energy balance and percentage body fat. A statistically significant positive relationship was observed between total protein intake and body fat mass (R = .597; p = .031). No relationship was observed between protein distribution variables (g in ± 400 kcal EB, g in > 0 kcal EB) and percentage body fat. Protein eating occurrences (>10g, ± 400 kcal EB) was inversely correlated with BMI (R = -.650; p = .016). Subjects with the greatest energy deficits presented with lower lean body mass (R= -.736; p = .004).Conclusion: These data suggest that within-day protein distribution relative to energy balance are associated with BMI, but not with percentage body fat. Those with the highest protein intake had the highest body fat mass, with no correlation between protein intake and total energy intake detected. In this group, no association between 24hr intake net values or within-day intake values were found to be related to body fat percentage. However, the greatest energy balance deficit during the day was strongly inversely associated with lean body mass, indicative of potentially deleterious effects of energy restriction.

Diet and lifestyle choices play a vital role in the overall health of an individual. There are many types of diets with varying instructions on what kind and how much of a food, or food group, should be eaten. This cross sectional study focused on possible health benefits of a vegetarian diet in regards to the body composition of non-vegetarian and vegetarian women. Total meat, poultry, seafood, and fish (MPSF) intake were separated into three categories to compare low-to-very-low, moderate, and high intake. Anthropometric measurements collected included waist to hip ratio (WHR), weight, height, and percentage of body fat. No significant differences were found between the vegetarian and non-vegetarian categories BMI, body fat percentage, or WHR. Conclusions found by previous research were not supported by the results of this research. Factors including geographic location and socioeconomic status could impact the availability of healthy food for both vegetarians and non-vegetarians.

<p>Senaste årens ökade internationalisering har gjort att antalet stora multinationella företag och koncerner ökat. Följden har blivit ett ökat behov av att kunna göra jämförbara tolkningar av finansiella rapporter för bolag i olika länder. Detta har lett till införandet av internationella redovisningsstandarder (IFRS/IAS), som gäller även för svenska koncerner från och med 2005. Då länderna historiskt haft olika värderingsprinciper finns risk för konflikt mellan det som varit traditionellt i Sverige, d.v.s. en mer försiktighetsinriktad syn på redovisningen, och matchnings-principen som är aktuell för dagens fokus på redovisning till verkligt värde. Problemfrågan är om de större verkstadsindustribolagen har en mer försiktighetsinriktad syn vid sin successiva vinst-avräkning. Stödjer metoden bolagen att visa en rättvisande bild av dess resultat och ställning? Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att söka svaret på vilken av försiktighets- eller matchnings-principen som väger tyngst för utvalda bolag när de gör successiv vinstavräkning. Motsvarar det kapitalmarknadens intresse med vinstavräkning till verkligt värde? För att söka svaren har strategin varit att göra en fallstudie där ett antal intervjuer gjorts med två bolag inom verkstadsindustribranschen. Då antalet direkta källor är begränsade bör inga generaliseringar göras av redovisat resultat. Uppsatsen baserar sig på redovisningsteorierna försiktighets- och matchningsprincipen samt den successiva vinstavräkningsmetoden. Försiktighetsprincipen innebär bl.a. att vinster inte ska tas upp förrän de har realiserats. Matchningsprincipen däremot innebär att intäkter och kostnader ska matchas och redovisas i samma period. Sistnämnda principen stödjer den successiva vinst-avräkningen som har till syfte att lyfta fram intäkter och kostnader i proportion till färdigställandet av varan/tjänsten. Sammantaget anser intervjuade bolag att den successiva vinstavräkningen hjälper dem att visa en rättvisande bild av bolagets resultat och ställning. Det framgår att koncernen, som det ena bolaget verkar i, historiskt haft en tradition att vara försiktiga. Analysen här är att försiktighetsprincipen fortfarande väger tyngst och att införandet av nya standarder antas först då det kulturella arvet mognat och hunnit ifatt. Men då omsättning endast till mindre del består av kundorders som avräknas successivt ger den totala externredovisning en rättvisande bild av bolaget. Slutsatser för det andra bolaget är att de tydligare använder matchningsprincipen vid värderingar för successiva vinstavräkningen. Tolkningen är att koncernen under en längre tid använt US-GAAP, vilka de internationella standarderna baseras på. Det medför att de redan värderar till verkligt värde och tillfredsställer därmed de privata kapitalmarknadsplacerarna.</p>

Nas últimas décadas o aumento do acesso à Internet vem modificando a maneira como interagimos com a informação e, em consequência, com o conhecimento. A educação no mundo digital exige a adoção de novas metodologias de ensino que desenvolvam competências e habilidades necessárias a formação crítica, reflexiva e participativa de nossos educandos. Dessa maneira busca-se desenvolver a autonomia dos alunos em relação às escolhas que farão durante sua vida, fazendo-as de maneira consciente e planejada. Considerando o baixo índice de acertos nas questões de porcentagens de um simulado realizado em uma escola estadual do interior do Estado de São Paulo foi elaborada a WebQuest BMW Vermelho com o objetivo de avaliar: Em que medida a metodologia WebQuest contribui para a aprendizagem de porcentagem? Durante a aplicação da WebQuest, em dois nonos anos do Ensino Fundamental, foi possível perceber como a metodologia, através da motivação, provoca mudanças no comportamento dos alunos no que diz respeito a disciplina, a concentração e o desejo em aprender o conteúdo, indicando uma grande potencialidade de uso em revisões de conteúdo, uma vez que deixa de ser uma repetição podendo ser uma maneira de apresentar novos significados aos temas revistos e promover a interdisciplinaridade. / Since the advent of technological age, the widespread use of Internet has been modifying the way we interact with information and, in consequence, with knowledge. The education in the digital and connected world requires the adoption of new teaching methodologies which seek for being innovative and that develop skills that a critical, reflexive, participative and professional formation of our students requires, reaching to develop their autonomy about the decisions they will take in their lives, by making them in a conscious and planned way. Observe that the importance of the content of percentage and the low index of right answers in questions of a test in a state school on the interior of São Paulo state, based on the questions of SARESP, it was elaborated the WebQuest BMW Vermelho with the objective to evaluate the use of review of content methodology. During the application of WebQuest, it was revealed how the methodology, trough the motivation, is associated with changes in the students behavior, in regards to discipline, concentration and the desire of learning the content, indicating a great potential in using review of contents, since it stops being a repetition and starts being a way of present new meanings to the themes reviewed and advocate interdisciplinarity.

The purpose of this investigation was to expand the evaluation of Normal Weight Obesity (NWO) and its association with insulin resistance using a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. A cross-sectional study including 5,983 subjects was conducted. Body fat percentage was assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Expanded Normal Weight Obesity (eNWO) categories (pairings of BMI and body fat percentage classifications) were determined by standard cut-points for BMI and the gender specific median for body fat percentage. Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were used to index insulin resistance. Mean ± SE values were as follows: BMI: 27.9 ± 0.2 (women) and 27.8 ± 0.1 (men); body fat percentage: 40.5 ± 0.2 (women) and 27.8 ± 0.2 (men); HOMA-IR: 2.04 ± 0.05 (women) 2.47 ± 0.09 (men). HOMA-IR differed systematically and in a dose-response fashion across all levels of the eNWO categories (F = 291.3, P < 0.0001). As BMI levels increased, HOMA-IR increased significantly and within each BMI category, higher levels of body fat were associated significantly with higher levels of HOMA-IR. Both high BMI and high body fat percentage are strongly related to insulin resistance. In this study, insulin resistance increased incrementally according to BMI levels primarily and body fat levels secondarily. Consequently, due to the costs associated with precisely measuring body fat, and the accuracy of using BMI independently, we recommend that BMI be used in its standard form to predict insulin resistance and not be supplemented with an estimate of body fat.

This study is one of the only investigations to examine the complex inter-relationships between immune status, cognitive functioning, and disease progression in school-aged, perinatally infected, HIV+ children on HAART over time and is the first to conduct long-term follow-up assessments beyond one year after initiating HAART. Previous research has shown that HIV+ children on HAART show stability in cognitive functioning for up to one year. The current study investigated cognitive functioning, as measured by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children -III, as a function of immune functioning and disease progression over time in this sample. Overall, results showed that PIQ scores remained stable over the three time points. However, further analyses demonstrated that poorer immune status, as measured by CD4% <25, at the first time point significantly predicted lower Performance IQ (PIQ)scores and PIQ subtest scores at the third time point, even after controlling for covariates. Similarly, additional analyses revealed that PIQ scores significantly declined over time as a function of CD4% category at the first time point. Finally, scores on the PIQ, Verbal IQ (VIQ), Coding, Picture Arrangement, Symbol Search, and Arithmetic at the first time point were all significant predictors of more advanced disease progression, as measured by CDC C classification at follow-up. The clinical relevance of this study and recommendations for future research in this area are discussed

Senaste årens ökade internationalisering har gjort att antalet stora multinationella företag och koncerner ökat. Följden har blivit ett ökat behov av att kunna göra jämförbara tolkningar av finansiella rapporter för bolag i olika länder. Detta har lett till införandet av internationella redovisningsstandarder (IFRS/IAS), som gäller även för svenska koncerner från och med 2005. Då länderna historiskt haft olika värderingsprinciper finns risk för konflikt mellan det som varit traditionellt i Sverige, d.v.s. en mer försiktighetsinriktad syn på redovisningen, och matchnings-principen som är aktuell för dagens fokus på redovisning till verkligt värde. Problemfrågan är om de större verkstadsindustribolagen har en mer försiktighetsinriktad syn vid sin successiva vinst-avräkning. Stödjer metoden bolagen att visa en rättvisande bild av dess resultat och ställning? Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att söka svaret på vilken av försiktighets- eller matchnings-principen som väger tyngst för utvalda bolag när de gör successiv vinstavräkning. Motsvarar det kapitalmarknadens intresse med vinstavräkning till verkligt värde? För att söka svaren har strategin varit att göra en fallstudie där ett antal intervjuer gjorts med två bolag inom verkstadsindustribranschen. Då antalet direkta källor är begränsade bör inga generaliseringar göras av redovisat resultat. Uppsatsen baserar sig på redovisningsteorierna försiktighets- och matchningsprincipen samt den successiva vinstavräkningsmetoden. Försiktighetsprincipen innebär bl.a. att vinster inte ska tas upp förrän de har realiserats. Matchningsprincipen däremot innebär att intäkter och kostnader ska matchas och redovisas i samma period. Sistnämnda principen stödjer den successiva vinst-avräkningen som har till syfte att lyfta fram intäkter och kostnader i proportion till färdigställandet av varan/tjänsten. Sammantaget anser intervjuade bolag att den successiva vinstavräkningen hjälper dem att visa en rättvisande bild av bolagets resultat och ställning. Det framgår att koncernen, som det ena bolaget verkar i, historiskt haft en tradition att vara försiktiga. Analysen här är att försiktighetsprincipen fortfarande väger tyngst och att införandet av nya standarder antas först då det kulturella arvet mognat och hunnit ifatt. Men då omsättning endast till mindre del består av kundorders som avräknas successivt ger den totala externredovisning en rättvisande bild av bolaget. Slutsatser för det andra bolaget är att de tydligare använder matchningsprincipen vid värderingar för successiva vinstavräkningen. Tolkningen är att koncernen under en längre tid använt US-GAAP, vilka de internationella standarderna baseras på. Det medför att de redan värderar till verkligt värde och tillfredsställer därmed de privata kapitalmarknadsplacerarna.

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There are many researchers that emphasize the importance of how teachers’ knowledge will affect students’ learning. However, not much research is focused on an international comparison between preservice mathematics teachers’ procedural knowledge and conceptual knowledge. There were 91 preservice mathematics teachers involved in this study. A test on the operations on fractions, decimals, percentages, and integers knowledge showed a) the significant differences between the United States and Chinese preservice teachers’ (PTS) procedural knowledge, b) the significant differences between the United States and Chinese PTS’ conceptual knowledge, and c) the relationships between the United States and Chinese PTS’ procedural knowledge and conceptual knowledge. By comparing the results, the researcher determined the strengths and weaknesses of preservice mathematics teachers in the two countries. The researcher will provide PTS some information based on the results of the knowledge test.

Nas últimas décadas o aumento do acesso à Internet vem modificando a maneira como interagimos com a informação e, em consequência, com o conhecimento. A educação no mundo digital exige a adoção de novas metodologias de ensino que desenvolvam competências e habilidades necessárias a formação crítica, reflexiva e participativa de nossos educandos. Dessa maneira busca-se desenvolver a autonomia dos alunos em relação às escolhas que farão durante sua vida, fazendo-as de maneira consciente e planejada. Considerando o baixo índice de acertos nas questões de porcentagens de um simulado realizado em uma escola estadual do interior do Estado de São Paulo foi elaborada a WebQuest BMW Vermelho com o objetivo de avaliar: Em que medida a metodologia WebQuest contribui para a aprendizagem de porcentagem? Durante a aplicação da WebQuest, em dois nonos anos do Ensino Fundamental, foi possível perceber como a metodologia, através da motivação, provoca mudanças no comportamento dos alunos no que diz respeito a disciplina, a concentração e o desejo em aprender o conteúdo, indicando uma grande potencialidade de uso em revisões de conteúdo, uma vez que deixa de ser uma repetição podendo ser uma maneira de apresentar novos significados aos temas revistos e promover a interdisciplinaridade. / Since the advent of technological age, the widespread use of Internet has been modifying the way we interact with information and, in consequence, with knowledge. The education in the digital and connected world requires the adoption of new teaching methodologies which seek for being innovative and that develop skills that a critical, reflexive, participative and professional formation of our students requires, reaching to develop their autonomy about the decisions they will take in their lives, by making them in a conscious and planned way. Observe that the importance of the content of percentage and the low index of right answers in questions of a test in a state school on the interior of São Paulo state, based on the questions of SARESP, it was elaborated the WebQuest BMW Vermelho with the objective to evaluate the use of review of content methodology. During the application of WebQuest, it was revealed how the methodology, trough the motivation, is associated with changes in the students behavior, in regards to discipline, concentration and the desire of learning the content, indicating a great potential in using review of contents, since it stops being a repetition and starts being a way of present new meanings to the themes reviewed and advocate interdisciplinarity.