This dissertation seeks to advance our understanding of the nature of hallucinatory experience. It defines and contrasts the two major current theories about the nature of perceptual experience: representationalism and naïve realism. I then argue that most (if not all) current versions of these theories do not offer a satisfactory account of hallucination. Finally, I propose and defend a schematic version of a Kaplanian theory for perceptual experience that can arguably give a satisfactory account of the distinctive nature of hallucination. I compare my proposal with similar candidates and argue that it offers a more promising way of accounting for the relevant desiderata in a harmonious way. In short, I propose that hallucinatory experiences are failed experiences of a special sort. By having a hallucination, the subject fails to be in contact with worldly objects, and this special kind of failure can be accounted for in terms of a failed reference to putative objects. On my proposal, a hallucinatory state purports to represent a specific state-of-the-world, but it fails to do so. This renders hallucinatory states incapable of being (properly speaking) either veridical or falsidical. This peculiar aspect of hallucination, I claim, is not properly captured by most (if not all) theories to date. / text

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When wearing prism goggles that displace vision laterally, the initial pointing errors are rapidly corrected. When the goggles are removed after a sufficient period of prism adaptation (PA), there is an aftereffect in spatial responding in the opposite direction of the original displacement. In this study 24 participants were tested using a computerized PA procedure to explore the effects of displacement direction (left/right), type of feedback during adaptation (hand/indirect), and type of target (fixed/non-fixed) on pointing error during 180 PA trials and the time-course of the aftereffect when measured in two ways: Subjective Straight Ahead (SSA) pointing (proprioceptive guidance towards perceived straight-ahead) and Visual Open Loop (VOL) pointing (visual and proprioceptive performance when pointing toward a straight-ahead target). During the initial stage of adaptation, all groups adjusted pointing in the opposite direction of prismatic displacement. Pointing error was similar for left and right goggle groups, but was more accurate and faster to stabilize with hand than indirect feedback. After pointing stabilized, the left-goggle/hand feedback group reached beyond targets (‘over-corrected’ pointing error), while other conditions failed to fully adjust pointing and remained ‘under-corrected’. In all groups, SSA aftereffects were weak or absent, while VOL aftereffects endured for at least 40-minutes. VOL aftereffects were larger following hand-feedback at all post-PA latencies, and for left-goggle groups at early post-PA latencies. Target-type affected performance during the stabilized-phase of adaptation, but did not influence SSA or VOL aftereffects. These results suggest that computerized PA had induced changes in vision but not proprioception, and provide novel evidence that the technology induced reliable aftereffects following both hand and indirect feedback PA. The results, when considered together with the study’s strengths and weaknesses, provide insight into how future studies might assess computerized-PA can be used to explore more complex attention and space representation process in healthy-normal and patients suffering from unilateral neglect.

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This study investigated the auditory and perceptual patterns of two schizophrenic groups. A paranoid group containing 10 males and 10 females was matched with a non-paranoid group and evaluated through the use of The Sound Test, an auditory projective test, and the Holtzman Inkblots, a visual projection technique. The results found no significant differences between groups on any variable. Trends were observed in the direction of the hypotheses when male response patterns were viewed separately. The results were discussed in terms of male and female response differences and chronicity as contaminating variables.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1971. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.