La forêt Pyrénéenne comporte une grande richesse en bois dont la qualité est encore très peu étudiée. Une valorisation de ces ressources locales constitue un des enjeux de la filière forêt-bois dans la région afin d'apporter plus de valeur ajoutée et d'accroître les bénéfices de cette filière. C'est dans ce contexte que cette thèse a vu le jour pour découvrir la potentialité des ressources locales et pour comparer leur performance (hêtre des Pyrénées, Douglas et Chêne). A l'heure actuelle, la majorité des entreprises s'imposent une sur-qualité pour améliorer la qualité de surface du bois usiné avant le collage ou avant l'application de la finition. A l'état actuel des connaissances, aucune étude n'a permis de répondre de façon précise à la question suivante : " quelles caractéristiques de l'état de surface donnent une performance acceptable à la finition et au collage ? ". L'objectif principal de ma thèse est donc d'identifier des critères quantitatifs permettant de caractériser l'état de surface du bois usiné en vue d'évaluer sa performance vis-à-vis d'une application donnée, et d'en déduire les conditions de coupe optimales. Deux domaines d'application ont été étudiés : le collage du bois en construction et en menuiserie intérieure, la finition du bois en menuiserie intérieure. Pour mener à bien ces travaux, de nombreux essais ont été réalisés: (i) Usinage du bois chez les industriels en faisant varier les paramètres de rabotage et de ponçage pour obtenir toutes les gammes possibles de qualités de surface et de performances; (ii) Caractérisation des états de surfaces usinées (mesures des paramètres topographiques 3D, des paramètres physico-chimiques et des endommagements anatomiques); (iii) Collage et application de la finition chez les industriels; (iv) Evaluation de la performance au collage (performance à l'adhésion et durabilité du collage), et de la performance à la finition (performance esthétique par analyse des relevés de fibres qui apparaissent après l'application d'un vernis aqueux, la performance à l'adhésion et la durabilité de la finition). Au final, les caractéristiques géométriques, physico-chimiques et anatomiques essentielles que doit avoir une surface usinée pour assurer une performance au collage et à la finition acceptable et durable ont été identifiées. Une modélisation des relations entre les paramètres d'état de surface et les critères de performance pour chaque application a été établie. Les résultats découlant de cette recherche constituent une référence pour les travaux futurs sur la fonctionnalité des surfaces bois usinées. En effet, les modèles établis s'avèrent d'une importance capitale, d'une part pour optimiser l'usinage du bois dans le contexte industriel, et d'autre part pour simuler la performance d'une surface donnée en fonction de ses caractéristiques. En outre, l'étude a permis d'évaluer la performance des ressources locales (hêtre des Pyrénées) par rapport aux essences communément utilisées (chêne et douglas). La thèse présente donc des intérêts multiples dans le développement de la connaissance scientifique et de l'économie régionale. / The Pyrenees forest has significant old-growth but non-valued timber resources. One of the current challenges consists in using those forest resources to generate better added-value and enhance the benefits for the regional wood industry. It was in this context, that this thesis started to discover the potentiality of local resources, and to compare their performance (Pyrenees beech, Douglas fir and Oak). Most wood industries impose an over-quality to improve the surface due to a lack of knowledge on the surface characteristics that would optimize bonding and finishing. To date, no previous scientific research has examined what surfaces characteristics give an acceptable bonding and finishing performance. This study mainly aims to identify quantitative criteria which characterize wood machined surface to evaluate the performance for a given application. Two areas of application were studied: wood bonding for structural and non-structural uses, wood finishing for interior joinery. Several tests were performed to reach the goal: (i) Wood machining processes were carried out using industry machines. The levels of planning and sanding parameters were varied to obtain all possible ranges of surface quality and performances; (ii) Wood machined surfaces were characterized (measurement of 3D topographic surface parameters, physico-chemical parameters and anatomical defects); (iii) Bonding and finishing application were performed in industry; (iv) Bonding performance (adhesion performance, durability), and finishing performance (esthetical performance by analyzing the raised fibers due to the application of waterborne varnish, adhesion performance and durability) were assessed. The essential geometric characteristics required for a machined surface to ensure acceptable bonding and finishing performance were identified. Models that link surface parameters and performance criteria for each application were established. This study represents an essential reference for future research works on the functionality of machined wood surfaces. Indeed, the established models are of paramount importance, on one hand to optimize the cutting of woods in industry, and on the other hand to simulate the performance of a given surface depending on its characteristics. In addition, this study assessed how performant local resources (Pyrenees beech) are relative to other commonly used wood species (Oak and Douglas). Therefore, this PhD thesis has multiple interests in the advancement of scientific knowledge and the development of regional economy.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-26T17:23:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 vivianmorenodeoliveira.pdf: 1919237 bytes, checksum: 34a344db3da81e384655cc77a02c7d3a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-27T11:06:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 vivianmorenodeoliveira.pdf: 1919237 bytes, checksum: 34a344db3da81e384655cc77a02c7d3a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-27T11:06:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 vivianmorenodeoliveira.pdf: 1919237 bytes, checksum: 34a344db3da81e384655cc77a02c7d3a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-18 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A produção de empreendimentos habitacionais no Brasil tem como desafios atender as expectativas que correspondam às realidades socioeconômicas, de déficit e de demanda. Além disto, é necessário produzir em grande quantidade, em menor tempo e pelo menor preço. Essa produção em larga escala e sem parâmetros mínimos de desempenho resultou, durante anos, na construção de moradias precárias com qualidade bastante inferior às necessidades dos usuários. Diante deste histórico de baixa qualidade das habitações surge a necessidade de estabelecer o desempenho mínimo para a construção das novas moradias proposta pela norma ABNT NBR 15575:2013 – Edificações habitacionais – Desempenho. Outro desafio para os países em desenvolvimento está em atender aos conceitos de sustentabilidade por meio dos sistemas de certificação ambiental. Com a norma em vigor e sua obrigatoriedade de aplicação, torna-se imprescindível que os conceitos de desempenho sejam contemplados pelos sistemas de certificação, uma vez que estão orientados a uma avaliação ambiental e prescritiva. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar o quanto os sistemas nacionais de certificação ambiental para edifícios habitacionais já estão atendendo aos critérios estabelecidos pela norma brasileira de desempenho. O método de pesquisa adotado foi uma revisão bibliográfica de cunho descritivo e exploratório, em que foram realizadas análises comparativas entre os critérios estabelecidos pelo AQUA, Selo Casa Azul e RTQ-R e os critérios de desempenho exigidos pela norma NBR 15575:2013. Os sistemas de certificação brasileiros sofreram adaptações e influências das metodologias internacionais, orientadas a uma avaliação ambiental. No entanto, os sistemas de certificação analisados já estão atendendo a algumas exigências da norma brasileira de desempenho. Neste caso, construtoras e escritórios de projetos que já atendem a alguma destas metodologias terão menos dificuldades para aplicação da norma, uma vez que algumas exigências já foram contempladas. A norma NBR 15575 visa assegurar a qualidade das habitações durante seu ciclo de vida, cujas exigências já estão sendo incorporadas, ainda que aos poucos na forma de projetar e construir, a exemplo dos sistemas de certificação ambiental. / The production of housing projects in Brazil is to meet the challenges and expectations correspond to socioeconomic realities, of deficit and demand. Moreover, it is necessary produce in large quantities, in less time and at the lowest price. This large-scale production and no minimum parameters resulted, for years, in the construction of substandard housing with much lower quality to user needs. Given this historical low quality of housing it is the need to establish minimum performance for the construction of new housing through of the standard ABNT NBR 15575:2013 - Residential Buildings - Performance. Another challenge for developing countries is to cater to the concepts of sustainability through environmental certification systems. With the agreed standard and its mandatory application, it is essential that the concepts of performance are contemplated by certification systems, since they are oriented to an environmental assessment and prescriptive. This research aims to identify how national systems of environmental certification for residential buildings are already meeting the criteria established by the Brazilian standard of performance. The research method used was a literature review of descriptive and exploratory nature, where comparative analyzes of the criteria established by AQUA, Blue House Seal and RTQ-R and the performance criteria required by the standard NBR 15575:2013 were performed. Brazilian certification systems have been adapted and influenced of the international methodologies, oriented to an environmental assessment. However, certification systems analyzed are already catering to some criteria of the Brazilian standard of performance. In this case, construction companies and design offices that already meet any of these methods will have less difficulty in applying the rule, since some criteria were already attended. The standard NBR 15575 is intended to ensure the quality of housing during their life cycle, whose demands are already being incorporated, albeit slowly as design and build, the example of environmental certification systems.

Introduction: A trend for organisations to change from single to multiple project management has been observed over the last couple of decades. Organizations shifted their focus from single project management towards the simultaneous management of the whole set of projects as one entity – project portfolio. New multi-project settings require a new management approach and practices to successfully manage a portfolio. A common practice in organizations is to evaluate projects after they had been carried out. At that point not much can be done and it is impossible to improve performance and prevent failure. Hence, problems that occur in projects’ implementation phase remain unsolved and even unidentified. Constant control, review and monitoring of projects’ performance in the implementation phase could lead to the problematic portfolio areas being spotted and timely management decisions being made in order to improve the overall portfolio performance. Problem: How do organisations manage projects within a portfolio that perform poorly in the implementation phase? Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is: to describe to what extent and in what ways organizations control, review and monitor project performances in the implementation phase; to identify if organisations use any methods, tools or techniques in order to spot projects that perform poorly according to their expectations; and to discover what happens to the poorly performing projects in the implementation phase after they were identified. Method: An electronic qualitative questionnaire had been constructed and sent out to the 46 sampled Swedish companies currently running project portfolios. 115 most suitable respondents had been chosen to answer the survey. Frame of Reference: Theoretical framework is built on the literature within project portfolio management field, mostly concerning control, review and monitoring of projects of projects’ performance within their implementation phase; practices used to manage poorly performing projects as well as the value of organizational learning. Conclusion: The research results show that even though majority of the studied organizations are aware and striving towards efficient project portfolio control, review and monitoring, a lot of space for improvement still remains. Results reveal that organizations are trying to keep track of projects’ performance within a portfolio, however, very few poorly performing are identified. Moreover, the management practices for underperforming projects are still very limited if not non-existent.

Extruded aluminium has become the material of choice for building envelope owing to its lightness, wide range of possibilities for profile design, durability and the eco-friendly attitude. In the light of recent technological developments in metal and glass industries, there has been various new approaches towards aluminum curtain wall systems which are mostly preferred by architects in high-rise buildings. Herein, the panel curtain wall system is determined as innovative and the modern aluminium curtain wall system. Furthermore, in the recent prestigious high-rise buildings, the demand of the architects and the contractors begins to replace the conventional curtain wall system which is constructed via stick construction technique, with panel curtain wall system which is applied to the building in a modular form . The main aim of this study is to investigate why the panel curtain wall system comes to the forefront especially for high-rise buildings. Accordingly, the basic architectural, structural and constructional design principles of unitized aluminium curtain wall systems are defined, analyzed and then the advantages and disadvantages of this system are pointed out from an architectural point of view. In order to evaluate the performance of panel curtain wall system against environmental factors, the facade tests, which are new and still-developing methods in Turkey, are used. The extensive facade tests have been conducted on full-scale specimen under field conditions reproduced in an equipped test chamber by authorized facade testing company and the assessment of this curtain wall performance was provided accordance with related standards. The two story full-size specimen, was 3000 mm to 7600 mm, belongs to one of the prestigious office towers constructed in Istanbul. The facade tests conducted to the specimen include watertightness, air permeability, wind resistance and building movement tests. In this study, the performance criteria of panel curtain wall system were investigated not only against environmental factors but also against human sourced factors. It is expected that this study will provide a guideline for system designers on the future research and development phase and for architects on the selection of curtain wall systems for their buildings due to the conducted test results and other advantages taken throughout this study.

<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A trend for organisations to change from single to multiple project management has been observed over the last couple of decades. Organizations shifted their focus from single project management towards the simultaneous management of the whole set of projects as one entity – project portfolio. New multi-project settings require a new management approach and practices to successfully manage a portfolio. A common practice in organizations is to evaluate projects after they had been carried out. At that point not much can be done and it is impossible to improve performance and prevent failure. Hence, problems that occur in projects’ implementation phase remain unsolved and even unidentified. Constant control, review and monitoring of projects’ performance in the implementation phase could lead to the problematic portfolio areas being spotted and timely management decisions being made in order to improve the overall portfolio performance.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Problem: </strong>How do organisations manage projects within a portfolio that perform poorly in the implementation phase?</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this thesis is: to describe to what extent and in what ways organizations control, review and monitor project performances in the implementation phase; to identify if organisations use any methods, tools or techniques in order to spot projects that perform poorly according to their expectations; and to discover what happens to the poorly performing projects in the implementation phase after they were identified.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Method: </strong>An electronic qualitative questionnaire had been constructed and sent out to the 46 sampled Swedish companies currently running project portfolios. 115 most suitable respondents had been chosen to answer the survey.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Frame of Reference: </strong>Theoretical framework is built on the literature within project portfolio management field, mostly concerning control, review and monitoring of projects of projects’ performance within their implementation phase; practices used to manage poorly performing projects as well as the value of organizational learning.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The research results show that even though majority of the studied organizations are aware and striving towards efficient project portfolio control, review and monitoring, a lot of space for improvement still remains. Results reveal that organizations are trying to keep track of projects’ performance within a portfolio, however, very few poorly performing are identified. Moreover, the management practices for underperforming projects are still very limited if not non-existent.</p>

Prediction of corporate bankruptcy (or distress) is one of the major activities in auditing firms’ risks and uncertainties. The design of reliable models to predict distress is crucial for many decision-making processes. Although a variety of models have been designed to predict distress, the relative performance evaluation of competing prediction models remains an exercise that is unidimensional in nature. To be more specific, although some studies use several performance criteria and their measures to assess the relative performance of distress prediction models, the assessment exercise of competing prediction models is restricted to their ranking by a single measure of a single criterion at a time, which leads to reporting conflicting results. The first essay of this research overcomes this methodological issue by proposing an orientation-free super-efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model as a multi-criteria assessment framework. Furthermore, the study performs an exhaustive comparative analysis of the most popular bankruptcy modelling frameworks for UK data. Also, it addresses two important research questions; namely, do some modelling frameworks perform better than others by design? and to what extent the choice and/or the design of explanatory variables and their nature affect the performance of modelling frameworks? Further, using different static and dynamic statistical frameworks, this chapter proposes new Failure Prediction Models (FPMs). However, within a super-efficiency DEA framework, the reference benchmark changes from one prediction model evaluation to another one, which in some contexts might be viewed as “unfair” benchmarking. The second essay overcomes this issue by proposing a Slacks-Based Measure Context-Dependent DEA (SBM-CDEA) framework to evaluate the competing Distress Prediction Models (DPMs). Moreover, it performs an exhaustive comparative analysis of the most popular corporate distress prediction frameworks under both a single criterion and multiple criteria using data of UK firms listed on London Stock Exchange (LSE). Further, this chapter proposes new DPMs using different static and dynamic statistical frameworks. Another shortcoming of the existing studies on performance evaluation lies in the use of static frameworks to compare the performance of DPMs. The third essay overcomes this methodological issue by suggesting a dynamic multi-criteria performance assessment framework, namely, Malmquist SBM-DEA, which by design, can monitor the performance of competing prediction models over time. Further, this study proposes new static and dynamic distress prediction models. Also, the study addresses several research questions as follows; what is the effect of information on the performance of DPMs? How the out-of-sample performance of dynamic DPMs compares to the out-of-sample performance of static ones? What is the effect of the length of training sample on the performance of static and dynamic models? Which models perform better in forecasting distress during the years with Higher Distress Rate (HDR)? On feature selection, studies have used different types of information including accounting, market, macroeconomic variables and the management efficiency scores as predictors. The recently applied techniques to take into account the management efficiency of firms are two-stage models. The two-stage DPMs incorporate multiple inputs and outputs to estimate the efficiency measure of a corporation relative to the most efficient ones, in the first stage, and use the efficiency score as a predictor in the second stage. The survey of the literature reveals that most of the existing studies failed to have a comprehensive comparison between two-stage DPMs. Moreover, the choice of inputs and outputs for DEA models that estimate the efficiency measures of a company has been restricted to accounting variables and features of the company. The fourth essay adds to the current literature of two-stage DPMs in several respects. First, the study proposes to consider the decomposition of Slack-Based Measure (SBM) of efficiency into Pure Technical Efficiency (PTE), Scale Efficiency (SE), and Mix Efficiency (ME), to analyse how each of these measures individually contributes to developing distress prediction models. Second, in addition to the conventional approach of using accounting variables as inputs and outputs of DEA models to estimate the measure of management efficiency, this study uses market information variables to calculate the measure of the market efficiency of companies. Third, this research provides a comprehensive analysis of two-stage DPMs through applying different DEA models at the first stage – e.g., input-oriented vs. output oriented, radial vs. non-radial, static vs. dynamic, to compute the measures of management efficiency and market efficiency of companies; and also using dynamic and static classifier frameworks at the second stage to design new distress prediction models.

To stay competitive, many employers are looking for creative and innovative employees to add value to their organization. However, current models of job performance overlook creative performance as an important criterion to measure in the workplace. The purpose of this dissertation is to conduct two separate but related studies on creative performance that aim to provide support that creative performance should be included in models of job performance, and ultimately included in performance evaluations in organizations. Study 1 is a meta-analysis on the relationship between creative performance and task performance, and the relationship between creative performance and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Overall, I found support for a medium to large corrected correlation for both the creative performance-task performance (ρ = .51) and creative performance-OCB (ρ = .49) relationships. Further, I also found that both rating-source and study location were significant moderators. Study 2 is a process model that includes creative performance alongside task performance and OCB as the outcome variables. I test a model in which both individual differences (specifically: conscientiousness, extraversion, proactive personality, and self-efficacy) and job characteristics (autonomy, feedback, and supervisor support) predict creative performance, task performance, and OCB through engagement as a mediator. In a sample of 299 employed individuals, I found that all the individual differences and job characteristics were positively correlated with all three performance criteria. I also looked at these relationships in a multiple regression framework and most of the individual differences and job characteristics still predicted the performance criteria. In the mediation analyses, I found support for engagement as a significant mediator of the individual differences-performance and job characteristics-performance relationships. Taken together, Study 1 and Study 2 support the notion that creative performance should be included in models of job performance. Implications for both researchers and practitioners alike are discussed.

ВКР (магистерская диссертация) состоит из введения, трех глав, заключения, библиографического списка, включающего 67 наименования, 6 приложений. Работа включает 12 таблиц и 3 рисунка. Общий объем ВКР (магистерской диссертации) – 115 страниц. Объект исследования – противодействие коррупции в таможенных органах. Цель исследования – проанализировать противодействие коррупции как фактор повышения эффективности деятельности регионального таможенного управления и предложить критерии оценки эффективности антикоррупционной деятельности в таможенных органах. Научная новизна. Заключается в постановке научной проблемы исследования противодействия коррупции как фактора повышения эффективности деятельности в таможенной сфере на региональном уровне управления; в уточнении понятий «антикоррупционная деятельность в таможенной сфере» и «фактор повышения эффективности антикоррупционной деятельности в таможенной сфере». Практическая значимость исследования состоит в возможности использования материалов проекта по совершенствованию практики противодействия коррупции в Уральском таможенном управлении и других таможенных управлениях России. / The WRC (master's thesis) consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, a bibliographic list including 67 titles, 6 appendices. The work includes 12 tables and 3 figures. The total volume of the WRC (master's thesis) is 115 pages. The object of the study is the fight against corruption in the customs authorities. The purpose of the study is to analyze anti-corruption as a factor in improving the efficiency of the regional customs administration and to propose criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of anti-corruption activities in customs authorities. Scientific novelty. It consists in the formulation of the scientific problem of anti-corruption research as a factor of increasing the effectiveness of activities in the customs sphere at the regional management level; in clarifying the concepts of "anti-corruption activities in the customs sphere" and "a factor of increasing the effectiveness of anti-corruption activities in the customs sphere". The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the materials of the project to improve the practice of combating corruption in the Ural Customs Administration and other customs administrations of Russia.

The purpose of this research has been to investigate the relationships between team building, salutogenesis and performance. Team building was investigated by focusing on the directive and interactive dimensions of • climate • supervisory support • team work. Salutogenesis was investigated by focusing on the concepts of • sense of coherence • locus of control • self-efficacy. Work performance was investigated by focusing on • performance measurement criteria • self-appraisal as a cognitive mediator between performance and salutogenesis. In the literature survey a performance model was postulated to explain the relationships between team building, salutogenesis and performance. The personality profile of the optimal functioning individual in the context of the performance model was compiled from the personality profiles of the optimal functioning team member, the optimal functioning individual and the optimal performing individual. In the empirical investigation a sample (N = 245) of mine employees completed a battery of questionnaires using computerised data collection. The battery was subjected to item-test correlations, Cronbach alpha coefficient measurements and factor analyses, to establish the reliability and structure of each questionnaire. lntercorrelations were calculated and analysed to test the relationships between the dimensions, and concepts. Following this, the factor analysis of a five factor model established the relationships between the dimensions and concepts of team building, salutogenesis and performance. Finally, LISREL-analyses were performed to test the conceptual structure of the relationships. The empirical findings indicate that team building forms a construct based on directive and interactive dimension of climate, supervisory support and team work. Salutogenesis forms a construct and it includes the incorporation of work performance as a concept of salutogenic orientations. The relationship between the constructs was confirmed using LIS REL-analysis, thus validating the integration of the dimensions and properties within each construct into the properties of a performance model; and the personality profiles within each construct into the personality profile of the optimal functioning individual. The empirical results were integrated with the literature review. Team building and salutogenic orientations are integrated into a performance model which explains the relationships between the work environment, the behaviour of the individual and his/her performance within the context of the work environment. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / D.Litt. et Phil. (Industrial Psychology)

權變概念代表著多變的環境下，企業為求生存所必須採行的策略，文獻將此觀念應用在員工績效評估的研究並不多。基於權變觀點，本研究除對績效評估文獻中具有權變觀點之研究作回顧，並從競爭優勢、績效效標、績效模糊性與評估方法等觀念之探討與歸納，再透過個案探討之研究發現，推導出一績效評估設計之權變架構。本權變架構建議，在不同的競爭優勢下，績效評估制度之設計應由上而下，從組織策略推導至人力資源策略，再落實至員工績效評估制度及績效評估方法。 組織在競爭優勢分別為弱勢、強勢與穩定狀態下，其組織策略應分別採行優勢建立、優勢累積與優勢維持策略。為配適不同之組織策略，其人力資源策略應分別採行探索、利用與獲利策略。而不同的人力資源策略在搭配不同的績效評估目的下，應適用不同的績效評估制度；亦即，績效效標應分別偏重個人才能、工作行為與工作成果，以達到為組織價值創造與價值延續的目的。 績效評估的方法最後將取決於績效評估的目的與績效模糊性高低二者所構成的組合。亦即，績效評估的目的若為價值創造，則應較重視員工才能；績效評估的目的若為價值延續，則應較重視員工的工作行為與工作成果。而當績效模糊性較低時,宜採用明確化績效評估方法；反之，當績效資料糢糊性較高時,宜採用數量化績效評估方法。 / Contingency view represents the indispensable strategy for businesses to survive in the changeable environment. However, not much such view is found in the literature of employee performance appraisal. This study not only reviews the literature of performance appraisal with contingency view but also developed a contingency framework of employee performance appraisal by summarizing related analysis, including competitive advantage, performance criteria, performance ambiguity and appraisal methods, as well as a case study. The framework suggests that the performance appraisal system should be designed in a top-down sequence from organizational strategy to human resource strategy, performance appraisal system and appraisal methods based on the strength of competitive advantage. As the competitive advantage is weak, strong and stable, the organization should adopt the strategy of advantage building, advantage accumulation and advantage maintenance strategy respectively. The human resource strategy then should be exploration, exploitation and profit strategy. Under different human resource strategies, the performance appraisal system should vary to fit different purposes. That is, the performance criteria should focus on individual competence, working behavior and outcome to achieve the purposes of value creation and value continuation. The appraisal methods will finally depend on the combination between the purposes of performance appraisal and the degree of performance ambiguity. While competence should be focused when appraisal purpose is value creation, working behavior and outcome are focused when appraisal purpose is value continuation. The qualification-oriented method is appropriate as the degree of performance ambiguity is low. On the contrary, quantification-oriented method is appropriate as the degree of performance ambiguity is high. / 表目錄 三 圖目錄 四 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景與動機 1 1.2 研究目的 3 1.3 研究方法與流程 6 1.4 研究範圍 7 1.5 論文架構 10 第二章 文獻探討 12 2.1 權變觀點在員工績效評估的研究 12 2.2 競爭優勢與策略配合 16 2.2.1 競爭優勢 16 2.2.2 策略配合 17 2.3 員工績效評估制度 21 2.3.1 績效效標 22 2.3.2 績效評估之目的 23 2.3.3 績效資料的特性 25 2.4 員工績效評估方法 27 第三章 個案探討 29 3.1 個案公司及產業概述 29 3.2 實地訪談說明 31 3.3 績效評估制度 31 3.4 績效評估實施概況 33 3.5 個案公司分析 37 3.5.1 A公司之組織策略與人力資源策略 37 3.5.2 A公司之績效評估制度與績效評估方法 39 第四章 員工績效評估設計之權變架構 42 4.1 組織策略配適之人力資源策略 42 4.2 人力資源策略配適之績效評估制度 45 4.3 績效評估制度配適之績效評估方法 47 4.4 績效評估設計之權變架構 52 第五章 結論與意涵 55 5.1 結論 55 5.1.1 理論基礎 55 5.1.2 個案討論 56 5.1.3 權變架構 57 5.2 管理意涵 58 5.3 研究限制 60 5.4 後續相關研究 61 5.4.1人力資源管理領域之其它主題 61 5.4.2績效評估策略之其它相關議題 62 參考文獻 64 中文部分 64 英文部分 65 附錄 72 附錄一：深度訪談大綱 72 附錄二：A公司績效考核表 75 發表論文期刊收錄證明 …77 表目錄 表2.1 權變觀點在績效評估的研究情形……………………………15 表2.2 不同績效效標的資料特性…………………………………………26 表3.1 A公司之組織策略、人力資源策略與績效評估制度…………...41 表4.1 不同競爭優勢下之人力資源策略…………..………………….…45 表4.2 績效評估設計之權變架構…………………………………………54 圖目錄 圖1.1 研究流程圖 8 圖1.2 論文架構 10 圖2.1 組織策略、人力資源策略與員工績效評估制度的關係……………….19 圖2.2 績效評估的制定過程……………………………………………………19 圖3.1 A公司績效評估的流程…………….…………………………………….34 圖4.1 績效評估制度配適之績效評估方法……………………………………49