The new revenue standard IFRS 15 came as a replacement for all previous revenue standards. The application of the standard has meant that certain industries have had a greater impact, where the real estate industry's sector of residential development is one of them. There are differences in the companies' revenue recognition in this sector after the implementation of IFRS 15 in 2018. The study aims to clarify the differences that exist between residentialdevelopers' revenue recognition. This is because it has been a topic that has been recognized and discussed by many after the implementation. Several residential developers have been criticized for the application of the new standard. The result of the study shows that there are differences in revenue recognition for residential developers after the implementation of IFRS 15. There are differences in the timing of the revenue recognition, the number of performance obligations that have been identified and differences in accounting principles

In the late 1990s and early 2000s several revenue recognition scandals arose, which led to a discussion about the need for a new principle-based standard with a balance sheet-based approach for revenue recognition. On 1st of January 2018 IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers became effective and replaced all previous revenue recognition standards and interpretations. All companies are expected to be affected regarding when and how much the company reports its revenue, though the scope may vary from one company to another. This study aims to investigate how the application of IFRS 15 has impacted companies based on the business models they apply in their customer agreements. To operationalize the purpose of the study a quantitative method was adopted to gather the empirical data, which have been obtained from the companies’ annual reports. An enumeration was implemented, why all listed companies on Nasdaq Stockholm which are required to implement IFRS 15 have been studied. The results indicate that a minority of the companies have showed an impact and most of the companies have not been impacted after an implementation of the new revenue recognition standard. The study has identified that the reason why companies are affected by IFRS 15 depends on the business models’ companies apply in their customer agreements. The minority of companies that have been affected by IFRS 15 are the ones which have developed business models that includes complex customer contracts, i.e. customer contracts consisting of complex commitments and promises of goods and services to customers. Accordingly, the majority of the studied companies uses business models with non-complex customer contracts in their customer agreements, e.g. simple sale of only one good, hence their revenue recognition under IFRS 15 does not differ from previous accounting standards.

It is now more than two years since the new Civil Code (OZ), which unified the previous predominantly two-way regulation of the discharge of obligations in one single codex, became effective. As a follow-up to this legally significant event, the focus of my PhD thesis (dissertation) has been on analyzing the resulting changes in comparison with the foregoing legal regulation of the Civil Code and the Commercial Code, including a deliberation on whether such changes have been positive or, alternatively, whether the new regulation can be reproached for certain shortcomings. Although the regulation of OZ which deals with the termination of obligations due to unilateral legal act (such as satisfaction/fulfillment of an obligation (in Czech: "splnění"), deposition in court custody (in Czech: "složení do soudní úschovy"), withdrawal from a contract (in Czech: "odstoupení od smlouvy"), contract cancellation fee (in Czech: "odstupné"), cancellation/termination of a contract by a notice of cancellation/termination (in Czech: "výpověď smlouvy"), and unilateral set-off (in Czech: "jednostranné započtení")) mostly follows up the preceding regulation, it also introduces certain new elements. These new elements evidently intended both to remove certain issues of smaller relevance resulting from the current...