Rationale: The rate of acquisition of drug self-administration may serve as a predictor of later drug-taking behavior, possibly influencing vulnerability to initiate drug use. Objectives: The present study examined the effects of perinatal (gestation/lactation) lead exposure on adult rates of acquisition of intravenous (i.v.) heroin self-administration and cocaine self-administration using an automated procedure that included both Pavlovian and operant components. Methods: For Experiment 1, female rats were gavaged daily with 0 or 16 mg lead for 30 days prior to breeding with nonexposed males. Metal administration continued through pregnancy and lactation and was discontinued at weaning (postnatal day [PND] 21). Animals born to control or lead-exposed dams received indwelling jugular catheters as adults and subsequently were tested daily in a preparation where sessions included an initial 3-hr autoshaping period followed by a 3- hr self-administration period. During autoshaping, heroin (.018 mg/kg) infusions were paired with the extension and retraction of a lever when a lever press was not made for 15 sec, while infusions occurred during self-administration only when a lever press was executed (FR-1). The criterion for acquisition was a 2-day period during which a mean of 10 infusions/session occurred during self-administration. Animals were given 35 days to reach criterion. Results: Findings from Experiment 1 showed the proportion of rats meeting the lever-press response criterion for heroin when tested as adults was lower among lead-exposed animals. In Experiment 2, cocaine (.20 mg/kg) was presented to animals that underwent the same metal-exposure regimen, surgical procedures and methods with variations only in the number of infusions that were automatically administered during the Pavlovian component. Criterion for cocaine acquisition was a mean of 50 infusions over a two-day. In Experiment 2, a greater proportion of leadexposed animals reached the criterion for cocaine acquisition. Conclusions: Developmentally lead-exposed animals showed a decrease in vulnerability to initiate drug-taking behavior when presented with heroin in the adult phase, relative to controls. In contrast, developmentally lead-exposed animals showed an enhanced vulnerability to reach the criterion for cocaine self-administration. Clinical relevance of developmental exposure to lead and the attendant vulnerability to self-administer drugs of abuse is discussed.

Thesis (MCS) -- AUT University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references. Also held in print (vi, 43 leaves : col. ill. ; 30 cm + 1 DVD (4 3/4 in.)) in the City Campus Theses Collection (T 155.937 MCK)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Florida, 1981. / Description based on print version record. Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-115).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-28T12:34:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 412.pdf: 1077573 bytes, checksum: 55b40db8f297aebf1f612b7b41c3d0cd (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães. Recife, PE, Brasil / Dados atuais do Ministério da Saúde atestam que cerca de 70 por cento dos óbitos infantis correspondem aos óbitos perinatais. A classificação deste evento segundo evitabilidade permite avaliar a qualidade da assistência à gestante, parturiente e neonato e definir estratégias para sua redução. Em 2008, o Ministério da Saúde adotou a Lista Brasileira de Causas de Mortes Evitáveis para identificação de óbitos preveníveis. Este estudo analisou a evolução temporal dos coeficientes de mortalidade perinatal e o perfil dos óbitos segundo critérios de evitabilidade em Pernambuco (2002-2008) utilizando os registros dos Sistemas de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) e Mortalidade (SIM). Os coeficientes anuais de mortalidade perinatal, fetal e neonatal precoce globais e específicos por GERES foram calculados e as causas básicas de óbitos (CID-10) classificadas segundo a Lista Brasileira de Causas Evitáveis. As tendências temporais dos coeficientes e da mortalidade proporcional segundo critérios de evitabilidade foram analisadas pela regressão linear e pelo teste do quiquadrado de tendência, respectivamente. Houve redução dos coeficientes de mortalidade perinatal, particularmente do componente neonatal precoce, que sofreu queda de 27,7 por cento, tendo sido as GERES I, II, III, IV as que apresentaram as reduções mais acentuadas. Mais de 70 por cento dos óbitos foram por causas evitáveis no período. Houve aumento dos percentuais de óbitos reduzíveis por atenção à mulher na gestação em todas as GERES. Nas GERES I e VIII, observou-se significante redução das mortes por atenção à mulher no parto. Excetuando-se as GERES I e II, não houve variação significante da proporção de óbitos reduzíveis por atenção ao RN. Os resultados encontrados trazem contribuições importantes para o direcionamento de ações e programas de saúde nas regiões mais críticas do estado de Pernambuco a fim de reduzir a mortalidade perinatal no estado

No description available.

Orientadores: Carlos Roberto Silveira Correa, Maria do Rosario Dias de Oliveira Latorre / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-02T06:19:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvasan_GislaineAparecidaFonsechi_M.pdf: 16637200 bytes, checksum: 124868bb49d06210ce70b4f0aaba3c76 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002 / Resumo: Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar as tendências da mortalidade infantil e seus componentes (neonatal e pós-neonatal) e da mortalidade perinatal e seus componentes (natimortalidade e neonatal precoce) para o Município de Campinas, no período de 1971 a 1999. Os coeficientes da mortalidade perinatal, infantil, neonatal, neonatal precoce, neonatal tardia, pós-neonatal e natimortalidade foram calculados a partir dos dados fornecidos pela Fundação SEADE. Os coeficientes foram analisados para o período de 1971 a 1999. Iv:, análises foram feitas por modelos de regressão polinomial. Foram analisadas, também, a causa básica para todos os coeficientes para os anos de 1979, 1989 e 1999. Verificou-se que todos os coeficientes apresentaram tendências decrescentes estatisticamente significativas. Nos anos de 1979,1989 e 1999 houve uma mudança nas causas básicas de morte, antes ligadas a doenças infecciosas e parasitárias e, hoje, principalmente causas perinatais: relacionadas à atenção ao parto, gravidez, hipóxia intrauterina e asfixia ao nascer / Abstract: The objetive of this study is to analyze the trends of the infant mortality and its components (neonatal and post-neonatal) and the trends of the perinatal mortality and its components (stillbirth and early neonatal) for the city of Campinas from 1971 to 1999. The rate of perinatal, infant, neonatal, early neonatal, Iate neonatal, posneonatal and stillbirth mortality were calculated with information from Fundação SEADE. The rate were analyzed during the period of 1971 to 1999. The analyses were made by polinomial regression models. The basic cause was analyzed for ali components in three different years: 1979, 1989 and 1999. Ali rate studied presented decreasing trends, which were statistically significant. In the years 1979, 1989 and 1999, there was a change in the basic cause of death, the causes were "parasict infeccions diseases" and nowadays the main causes are perinatal: attention of delivery, pregmency, hipoxia intrauterine and birth asphyxia / Mestrado / Saude Coletiva / Mestre em Saude Coletiva

Orientador : Hugo Sabatino / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-17T00:08:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Penedo_MariadasGracasBarretode_M.pdf: 2171649 bytes, checksum: 6c30ffa6cac199ad0cfff00b129caae7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1986 / Resumo: Não informado / Abstract: Not informed / Mestrado / Mestre em Medicina

Introducción: La asfixia perinatal es una causa importante de morbimortalidad en neonatos y existen eventos maternos que predisponen a padecer esta entidad. Objetivo: Determinar la tasa de prevalencia de los factores maternos y neonatales relacionados a la asfixia perinatal. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio básico, descriptivo, retrospectivo y cuali-cuantitativo de registros clínicos en el Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza en el periodo comprendido de 2013 a 2015. La muestra lo conformaron 60 recién nacidos con diagnostico final de asfixia perinatal. Se obtuvo la información de las historias clínicas de los recién nacidos, se consignaron en un formato de recolección de datos, se organizaron en una base de datos en EPI INFO y se realizó un análisis descriptivo. Resultados: Se encontró 65% de madres con edad de riesgo y solo 28.34% realizaron adecuado control prenatal. El tipo de parto más frecuente fue la cesárea con un 66.66% y la patología materna prevalente fue la enfermedad hipertensiva del embarazo con un 58.33%. En los neonatos el sexo masculino fue el más frecuente con un 65.00%, la ventilación a presión positiva fue el tipo de reanimación más frecuente con un 61.67% y el 55% de los neonatos asfixiados presentaron encefalopatía hipóxico isquémica. Conclusiones: Existen características maternas que se presentan con mayor frecuencia en los casos de asfixia perinatal, en las que cuya intervención oportuna podrían reflejar una menor incidencia en esta patología. Palabras claves: Asfixia perinatal, factores de riesgo materno, encefalopatía hipóxica isquémica. / --- Introduction: Perinatal asphyxia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in newborns and maternal events are predisposing to this entity. Objective: To determine the prevalence of maternal and neonatal factors related to perinatal asphyxia. Materials and methods: A basic, descriptive, retrospective and quali-cuantitative study of medical records held at the Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza in the period from 2013 to 2015. The sample was made up 60 newborns that were diagnosed with perinatal asphyxia. Information from medical records of newborns was obtained, were entered in a format of data collection were organized in a database in EPI INFO and a descriptive analysis was performed. Results: 65% of mothers were found with age of risk and 28.34% held only adequate prenatal care. The most common type of cesarean delivery was a 66.66% and the prevalent pathology was maternal hypertensive disease of pregnancy with a 58.33%. In the male infants was the most frequent with 65.00%, the positive pressure ventilation was the most frequent type of resuscitation with 61.67% and 55% of infants had suffocated hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Conclusions: There maternal characteristics that occur more frequently in cases of perinatal asphyxia, in which timely intervention which could reflect a lower incidence of this disease. Keywords: Perinatal asphyxia, maternal risk factors for ischemic, hypoxic encephalopathy. / Tesis

The greatest less of infant life occurs around the time of birth (Eliet, 1958) and the mortality rate for first day deaths has shown less improvement than for any other time during the first year (Arey and Dent, 1953). "Once the human feetus has attained a gestational age permitting extra-uterine survival, neonatal death may be more commonly associated with failure of respiratory adaptation than with any other adaptational failure" (Smith, 1964). About two-thirds of all deaths in the newborn are associated with respiratory failure (Briggs and Nogg, 1958; Drissell and Smith, 1962). Hutchisen et al (1962) stated that the pulmonary syndrome of the newborn is probably the major problem of present day neonatal paediatries.

Identify the signs and symptoms ofcommon perinatal mood disorders Identify local and national resources tosupport those with perinatal mentalhealth concerns