La ortodoncia osteogénica periodontalmente acelerada es un procedimiento indicado para minimizar el tiempo de tratamiento ortodóncico brindando una alternativa de tratamiento a pacientes periodontalmente comprometidos, con presencia de reabsorciones radiculares, periodonto reducido, entre otros. Los problemas periodontales no diagnosticados pueden ser agravados durante el tratamiento ortodóncico y dependiendo de su severidad, pueden requerir un tratamiento previo. El objetivo de este reporte es presentar el caso de una paciente con maloclusión Clase I con apiñamiento y recesión gingival, tratada con injerto conectivo de tejido libre, corticotomía con injerto óseo y técnica de arco recto prescripción CCO. Finalmente, se puede concluir que el manejo interdisciplinario es importante para el correcto diagnóstico y tratamiento de los pacientes. La ortodoncia osteogénica periodontalmente acelerada es una alternativa viable que reduce el tiempo de tratamiento ortodóncico y mantiene o mejorá la condición periodontal de los pacientes. / Periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics is a procedure indicated to reduce the time of orthodontic treatment by giving an alternative treatment to periodontally compromised patients, with presence of root resorption, reduced periodontium, among others. Undiagnosed periodontal problems can be aggravated during orthodontic treatment and, depending on their severity, may require prior treatment. The objective of this report is to present the case of a patient with Class I malocclusion with crowding and gingival recession, treated with free tissue connective graft, corticotomy with bone graft and CCO Straighwire prescription technique. Finally, it can be concluded that interdisciplinary management is important for the correct diagnosis and treatment of patients. Periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics is a viable alternative that reduces the time of orthodontic treatment and maintains or improves the periodontal condition of patients. / Trabajo académico

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a reparação de defeitos de furca classe II em cães tratados com o retalho deslocado coronariamente, sozinho ou em associação com a regeneração tecidual guiada e o enxerto de tecido reparativo de alvéolos utilizando uma análise imuno-histoquímica. Os defeitos foram criados nos 2os, 3os e 4os pré-molares direitos e esquerdos mandibulares em quatro cães sem raça definida. No lado teste de cada cão, após a instrumentação radicular, os defeitos foram enxertados com o tecido reparativo, removidos de locais de extração dental com cinco dias de reparação. As áreas cirúrgicas foram recobertas com membranas absorvíveis e o retalho deslocado coronariamente suturado. No lado controle, após a instrumentação radicular, o retalho também foi deslocado coronariamente e suturado. Após 45 dias os cães foram sacrificados. As análises imuno-histoquímicas para osteonectina, osteopontina e sialoproteína óssea foram feitas no plano vestíbulo-lingual das furcas dos 3os pré-molares. As marcações imuno-histoquímicas foram similares entre os grupos demonstrando que eles provavelmente estavam em um estágio reparativo semelhante. / The aim of this research was to evaluate the repair of class II furcation defects in dogs treated with the coronally positioned flap alone or in association with guided tissue regeneration and post extraction tissue graft using an immunohistochemical analysis. The defects were created on the lower jaw right and left 2nd, 3rd and 4th premolars on four mongrel dogs. On the test side of each dog, after root instrumentation, the defects were grafted with a alveolar socket reparative tissue removed from five days healing teeth extraction sites. The surgical areas were covered with absorbable membranes and a coronally positionated flap was sutured. At the control side, after root instrumentation the coronally positionated flap was sutured. After 45 days, the dogs were sacrificed. The immunohistochemical analyses for osteonectin, osteopontin and bone sialoprotein were done on the bucal-lingual plane extent of the 3rd premolars furcations. The immunohistochemical expressions were similar among the two groups showing that they probably were in a similar healing stage.

A presente investigação propôs-se a realizar uma análise radiográfica de pacientes em manutenção periodontal do Programa de Pós-Graduação da Disciplina de Periodontia da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo. A porcentagem da perda óssea alveolar foi correlacionada com a idade, o fumo , o gênero, os arcos, os grupos de dentes e faces proximais por meio de exames radiográficos completos periapicais. A amostra deste trabalho foi composta por 27 sujeitos da pesquisa do gênero masculino e 53 do gênero feminino, com idade de 16 a 84 anos (média de 48,3 anos). Foram digitalizadas 1120 radiografias periapicais (1970 dentes) e posteriormente, analisadas com o software Image Tool ® (University of Texas Health and Science Center). O critério utilizado para se considerar perda óssea foi que a distância junção esmalte cemento (JEC) à crista óssea alveolar (COA) fosse > que 2 mm. Dois examinadores calibrados (p < 0,0001), realizaram as medidas da perda óssea. A média da perda óssea da amostra foi 20,61% (± 12,12). A prevalência foi maior em fumantes. No entanto, não houve diferença entre homens e mulheres (p > 0,05). A superfície distal e a arco superior apresentaram maiores perdas, bem como o grupo de incisivos e molares superiores. O grupo etário que apresentou maior perda óssea foi o de 45 a 54 anos. O fumo e a faixa etária de 45 a 54 anos são as variáveis que, isoladamente, apresentaram indivíduos com maior susceptibilidade à perda óssea alveolar, quando avaliada radiograficamente. / The aim of the present investigation was to perform a radiographic analysis of patients in Periodontal Maintenance from the Department of Periodontology Graduation - Dentistry College University of São Paulo. Complete sets of periapical radiographs provided data for alveolar bone loss percentage which was correlated to age, smoking status, gender, arches, teeth group and proximal sites. The sample was consisted of 27 male and 53 female subjects with age from 16 to 84 years old (mean 48,3 years). 1120 radiographs (1970 teeth) were digitalized and analyzed with the software Image Tool ® (University of Texas - Health and Science Center). The criteria used to consider bone loss was when the distance from the cement enamel junction to the apex was greater than 2 mm. Two examiners, intra and inter calibrated (p < 0,0001) were responsible for taking the radiographic measurements of bone loss. The mean bone loss of the sample was 20,61%. The prevalence of bone loss was greater in smokers. Nevertheless, there was no difference between male and female (p < 0,0005). The distal surface and the superior arch had the greatest bone loss, as well as the group of incisors and superior molars. The age group of 45- 54 had the highest scores for bone loss. Smoking and group age from 45 to 54 years are two independent variables that may characterize those individuals most prone to alveolar bone loss.

A presente investigação propôs-se a realizar uma análise radiográfica de pacientes em manutenção periodontal do Programa de Pós-Graduação da Disciplina de Periodontia da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo. A porcentagem da perda óssea alveolar foi correlacionada com a idade, o fumo , o gênero, os arcos, os grupos de dentes e faces proximais por meio de exames radiográficos completos periapicais. A amostra deste trabalho foi composta por 27 sujeitos da pesquisa do gênero masculino e 53 do gênero feminino, com idade de 16 a 84 anos (média de 48,3 anos). Foram digitalizadas 1120 radiografias periapicais (1970 dentes) e posteriormente, analisadas com o software Image Tool ® (University of Texas Health and Science Center). O critério utilizado para se considerar perda óssea foi que a distância junção esmalte cemento (JEC) à crista óssea alveolar (COA) fosse > que 2 mm. Dois examinadores calibrados (p < 0,0001), realizaram as medidas da perda óssea. A média da perda óssea da amostra foi 20,61% (± 12,12). A prevalência foi maior em fumantes. No entanto, não houve diferença entre homens e mulheres (p > 0,05). A superfície distal e a arco superior apresentaram maiores perdas, bem como o grupo de incisivos e molares superiores. O grupo etário que apresentou maior perda óssea foi o de 45 a 54 anos. O fumo e a faixa etária de 45 a 54 anos são as variáveis que, isoladamente, apresentaram indivíduos com maior susceptibilidade à perda óssea alveolar, quando avaliada radiograficamente. / The aim of the present investigation was to perform a radiographic analysis of patients in Periodontal Maintenance from the Department of Periodontology Graduation - Dentistry College University of São Paulo. Complete sets of periapical radiographs provided data for alveolar bone loss percentage which was correlated to age, smoking status, gender, arches, teeth group and proximal sites. The sample was consisted of 27 male and 53 female subjects with age from 16 to 84 years old (mean 48,3 years). 1120 radiographs (1970 teeth) were digitalized and analyzed with the software Image Tool ® (University of Texas - Health and Science Center). The criteria used to consider bone loss was when the distance from the cement enamel junction to the apex was greater than 2 mm. Two examiners, intra and inter calibrated (p < 0,0001) were responsible for taking the radiographic measurements of bone loss. The mean bone loss of the sample was 20,61%. The prevalence of bone loss was greater in smokers. Nevertheless, there was no difference between male and female (p < 0,0005). The distal surface and the superior arch had the greatest bone loss, as well as the group of incisors and superior molars. The age group of 45- 54 had the highest scores for bone loss. Smoking and group age from 45 to 54 years are two independent variables that may characterize those individuals most prone to alveolar bone loss.

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a reparação de defeitos de furca classe II em cães tratados com o retalho deslocado coronariamente, sozinho ou em associação com a regeneração tecidual guiada e o enxerto de tecido reparativo de alvéolos utilizando uma análise imuno-histoquímica. Os defeitos foram criados nos 2os, 3os e 4os pré-molares direitos e esquerdos mandibulares em quatro cães sem raça definida. No lado teste de cada cão, após a instrumentação radicular, os defeitos foram enxertados com o tecido reparativo, removidos de locais de extração dental com cinco dias de reparação. As áreas cirúrgicas foram recobertas com membranas absorvíveis e o retalho deslocado coronariamente suturado. No lado controle, após a instrumentação radicular, o retalho também foi deslocado coronariamente e suturado. Após 45 dias os cães foram sacrificados. As análises imuno-histoquímicas para osteonectina, osteopontina e sialoproteína óssea foram feitas no plano vestíbulo-lingual das furcas dos 3os pré-molares. As marcações imuno-histoquímicas foram similares entre os grupos demonstrando que eles provavelmente estavam em um estágio reparativo semelhante. / The aim of this research was to evaluate the repair of class II furcation defects in dogs treated with the coronally positioned flap alone or in association with guided tissue regeneration and post extraction tissue graft using an immunohistochemical analysis. The defects were created on the lower jaw right and left 2nd, 3rd and 4th premolars on four mongrel dogs. On the test side of each dog, after root instrumentation, the defects were grafted with a alveolar socket reparative tissue removed from five days healing teeth extraction sites. The surgical areas were covered with absorbable membranes and a coronally positionated flap was sutured. At the control side, after root instrumentation the coronally positionated flap was sutured. After 45 days, the dogs were sacrificed. The immunohistochemical analyses for osteonectin, osteopontin and bone sialoprotein were done on the bucal-lingual plane extent of the 3rd premolars furcations. The immunohistochemical expressions were similar among the two groups showing that they probably were in a similar healing stage.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to determine the eruption patterns of maxillary and mandibular first molars from the first occlusal contacts to adulthood. Previous studies have failed to obtain measurements into adulthood or have not been longitudinal in design. By using a measurement during the subjects' adulthood, a better estimate of the changes that occur between the tooth and the gingival margin throughout growth and aging can be obtained. METHODS: The material for this research project was obtained from the Meredith Facial Growth Study from the University of Iowa Orthodontics Department. Records from a set of 64 subjects (35 males and 29 females) were used. Each of these patients had intraoral models taken throughout adolescence into adulthood. A final model was available for each subject in their twenties. Twenty-eight subjects had final records available in their forties (14 males and 14 females). Measurements were recorded for the maxillary first molars (Teeth 3 and 14), and the mandibular first molars (Teeth 19 and 30). Measurements were taken at eleven time points for all sixty-four subjects starting at year 8 and yearly until age 18 with a final measurement taken on a model from the patient's twenties. A subset of twenty-eight subjects contained measurements in their forties. Bitewing Radiographs were also used to measure changes in alveolar bone height at 12, 20, and 40. RESULTS AND CONCUSIONS: Alveolar bone heights and their changes over time measured from the CEJ indicate that the sample population had a stable periodontium. Crown heights at age 20 and 40 were significantly greater than age 11. At age 40, crown heights were significantly greater than age 20. Teeth continue to erupt into a patient's forties in the absence of bone loss and attrition.

Purpose: To determine the characteristics influencing periodontal practices in Virginia and report on the anticipated changes in practice. Methods: A REDCap survey was emailed to Virginia based American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) members assessing personal and practice demographics, trends in dental treatment and practice models, and how periodontists will adjust to account for these trends. Results: The response rate was 31% (n=46). Respondents report greater referrals from more experienced general practitioners (GPs). Student debt was associated with age. Respondents ranked biologic advances, treatment of peri-implantitis, digital dentistry, development of corporate and group practice models, and GPs incorporating more periodontal services in their practices as most likely to impact periodontal practices. The most reported periodontal practice adjustments included expansion of existing services, increasing the number of periodontists in the practice, and joining with other specialists or GPs to create group practices. Conclusions: Periodontists perceive the need to expand services, increase number of providers in their practices or create group practice models as future practice adjustments.

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the oral cavity induced by anaerobic bacteria, that remains to be the primary cause of tooth loss in adults worldwide. Finding an anti-microbial therapeutic to selectively target periodontal pathogens has proven to be difficult, and current treatment modalities only provide a transient benefit. Amixicile is a non-toxic, readily bioavailable novel antimicrobial that targets strict anaerobes through inhibition of the activity of Pyruvate Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase (PFOR), a major enzyme mediating oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, a critical step in metabolism. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of amixicile in inhibiting the growth of bacteria harvested from the complex sub-gingival biofilm of patients with chronic periodontitis. We hypothesize that amixicile will selectively inhibit pathogenic anaerobic bacteria collected from patients, with the same efficacy as metronidazole, the current accepted treatment modality. Plaque samples were harvested from patients with severe chronic periodontitis and cultured under anaerobic conditions. The microbiomes were grown in the presence of amixicile and metronidazole and the growth was compared to that of bacteria grown in the absence of the antimicrobials. Following 24 hour incubation, bacterial DNA was isolated and bacterial quantity was evaluated by quantitative PCR (qPCR) using primers specific for 12 bacterial species: P. gingivalis (Pg), P. intermedia (Pi), F.nucleatum (Fn), S.gordonii (Sg), S. anginosus (Sa), V. atypical (Va), L. acidophilus (La), A.actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), T.denticola (Td), S.mutans (Sm), S.sanguis (Ss), and 16s. Individual qPCR runs were combined to represent an overall average of CT value differences. Amixicile treatment groups exhibited statistical significant reductions (PP. intermedia, F. nucleatum and Veillonella atypical. When comparing amixicile to metronidazole, amixicile performed with similar efficacy with the largest effect seen for PFOR bacteria. Our conclusion supports amixicile as a potent inhibitor of anaerobic bacteria, and could be a potential new therapeutic antimicrobial in the treatment of periodontal disease

Background: Exosomes have great potential in regenerative medicine through the transfer of their bioactive cargos, such as RNA. tRF RNA and tiRNA are tRNAderived non-coding RNA. Here, we sought to identify the tRF/tiRNA profile in human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) exosomes. Methods: Bone marrow hMSCs were cultured with/without osteogenic differentiation medium and exosomes were harvested. RNA was extracted from: 1) control cells (Cell-NT); 2) control exosomes (EXO-NT); 3) differentiated cells (Cell-OM); 4) exosomes produced by differentiated cells (EXO-OM). RNA was sequenced to profile the small RNA with a focus on tRF/tiRNA. Results: tRF/tiRNA was highly enriched in hMSC exosomes. Less diversity was seen in the tRF/tiRNA profile in exosomes than that in parent cells. Selective tRF/tiRNA were packed into MSC exosomes and their profile is dependent on the cell maturation status. Conclusions: Our results suggest that tRF/tiRNA may play a role in mediating the function of exosomes in tissue regeneration.

La ortodoncia osteogénica periodontalmente acelerada es un procedimiento indicado para minimizar el tiempo de tratamiento ortodóncico brindando una alternativa de tratamiento a pacientes periodontalmente comprometidos, con presencia de reabsorciones radiculares, periodonto reducido, entre otros. Los problemas periodontales no diagnosticados pueden ser agravados durante el tratamiento ortodóncico y dependiendo de su severidad, pueden requerir un tratamiento previo. El objetivo de este reporte es presentar el caso de una paciente con maloclusión Clase I con apiñamiento y recesión gingival, tratada con injerto conectivo de tejido libre, corticotomía con injerto óseo y técnica de arco recto prescripción CCO. Finalmente, se puede concluir que el manejo interdisciplinario es importante para el correcto diagnóstico y tratamiento de los pacientes. La ortodoncia osteogénica periodontalmente acelerada es una alternativa viable que reduce el tiempo de tratamiento ortodóncico y mantiene o mejorá la condición periodontal de los pacientes. / Periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics is a procedure indicated to reduce the time of orthodontic treatment by giving an alternative treatment to periodontally compromised patients, with presence of root resorption, reduced periodontium, among others. Undiagnosed periodontal problems can be aggravated during orthodontic treatment and, depending on their severity, may require prior treatment. The objective of this report is to present the case of a patient with Class I malocclusion with crowding and gingival recession, treated with free tissue connective graft, corticotomy with bone graft and CCO Straighwire prescription technique. Finally, it can be concluded that interdisciplinary management is important for the correct diagnosis and treatment of patients. Periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics is a viable alternative that reduces the time of orthodontic treatment and maintains or improves the periodontal condition of patients. / Tesis