Durant ces dernières décennies, le moteur synchrone à aimants permanents (MSAP) est devenu un actionneur essentiel pour les applications militaires, industrielles et civilesgrâce à ses avantages de haute densité de puissance, de rendement élevé, de grande fiabilité avec une structure simple, un faible volume et un poids réduit. Parfois, plusieurs MSAP sont utilisés pour effectuer des tâches coopératives. Par exemple le boggie d'une locomotive ou encore les surfacesde vol d'un avion. Ces MSAP fonctionnent généralement à la même vitesse. Pour réduire le volume et le poids, une idée de mutualisation des dispositifs de conversion statique, appelée système Multi-MSAP Mono-Convertisseur (MIMSAPMC), est proposée. Bien que de nombreux chercheurs aient déjà proposé différentes solutions de contrôle pour le système MIMSAPMC, la plupart d'entre eux ne garantissent pas la stabilité et l'efficacité énergétique du système. Ceci estdevenu le plus grand obstacle à l'utilisation pratique du MIMSAPMC. A cet effet et en commençant par un système MIMSAPMC avec 2 moteurs nous avons testé expérimentalement quelques stratégies de commande pour en vérifier la faisabilité et les performances. Sur la base des données mesurées, nous avons constaté que le problème de sur-contraintes existe dans certaines stratégies de contrôle. Ensuite, la synthèse d’une commande basée sur un modèle en régime permanent d'un système MIMSAPMC est réalisée. En étudiant le problème d'existence du régime permanent, nous formulons une procédure de conception de la structure de la loi de commande. En combinant la stabilité en boucle ouverte et la solution en régime permanent, nous définissons alors la région de contrôlabilité et de stabilité. La méthode des multiplieurs de Lagrange est ensuite utilisée pour formuler l'expression de l'état d'équilibre optimal en fonction ducouple et de la vitesse. L'expérience a montré que l'efficacité avec cette nouvelle loi de commande s’est considérablement améliorée. Dans le même temps, nous avons exploré l'influence de la variation des paramètres pour la stabilité du système et pour l'optimisation de l'efficacité. Ainsi, nous montrons que la variation paramétrique influence la zone de stabilité. Mais son influence peut être éliminée en utilisant la stratégie Maitre-Esclave. Par ailleurs, en ce qui concerne l'optimisation de l'efficacité énergétique, les résultats de simulation ont montré que la non-concordance des paramètres, en particulier le flux de l’aimant, peut entraîner une perte d'efficacité élevée. Dans la dernière étape, ce contrôleur est également adapté à un système MIMSAPMC avec un nombre de moteurs supérieurs à 2. Les résultats de la simulation démontrent alors l'efficacité de la proposition. / During these decades, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) has become a vital part of military, industry and civil applications due to the advantages of high power density, high efficiency, high reliability and simple structure, small volume and light weight. Sometimes, multiple PMSMs are used to carry out cooperative functions. For example, the bogie of a locomotive, the flight control surface of an airplane. These PMSMs usually operates at the same speed. To reduce the volume and weight, an idea of sharing the static power conversion devices, which is called Mono-Inverter Multi-PMSM system (MIMPMSM), is raised. Although many researchers have given different controller solutions for the MIMPMSM system, most of them are not clear in the aspects of system stability and efficiency issues. This has become the biggest obstacle to the practical use of MIMPMSM. Oriented with these problems, starting with a MIMPMSM system with 2 motors, in the first step, we have tested some control strategies by an experiment to verify the feasibility and performance of them. In final, based on the experiment data, we have figured that the overconstraint problem exists in some control strategies. Then, an analysis and controller design based on steady-state model of a Mono-Inverter Dual-PMSM (MIDPMSM) system is carried out.By studying the solution existence problem of the steady-state model, we give out the design guideline to the controller structure. Combining the open-loop stability and steady-state solution, the region of controllability and stability is obtained. Lagrange Multiplier is used develop theexpression of efficiency-optimal steady-staterelated to torque and speed. The experiment has shown that the efficiency of the new controller has improved significantly. Meanwhile, we have explored the influence of parameter variation in system stability and efficiency-optimization. The variation will influence the stability region. But its influence can be eliminated by using Master- Slave strategy. On the other hand, in the aspect of efficiency optimization, the simulation results have shown that parameter mismatch, especially the permeant flux, can cause high efficiency loss. In the last step, this controller is also adapted to a MIMPMSM system with more than two motors. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness.

No description available.

This thesis demonstrates a practical implementation of a sensorless permanent magnet synchronousmotor (PMSM) drive for vehicle propulsion. The main design parameters and overall properties of themotor drive are derived for the case of an on-board electric powertrain as a substitute to the lift shuttle indownhill (DH) mountain biking.The theory behind field oriented control (FOC) for sensorless PMSMs is analyzed in some detail.Controller-inverter hardware and software are designed and prototyped in accordance with the deriveddesign parameters. Initial tuning and testing in a test bench environment is described. The powertrain isfinally installed on a test bike and tested on an incline. It is found that the performance of the controllerinvertercomplies with the target design parameters.

A grande aplicação residencial de motores de indução monofásicos é em sistemas de refrigeração doméstica/comercial. O desenvolvimento de motores mais eficientes, associado ao controle de velocidade, fez com que, dentro os mais diversos tipos de motores, o motor síncrono de imã permanente tornasse objeto para a criação de uma metodologia de projeto, construção e realização de ensaios. Assim, para adequar o projeto do motor MSIP para substituição do motor de indução monofásico, foram feitos estudos de como aproveitar as laminações já existentes, através de definições das características básicas do estator e do rotor. O imã permanente a ser utilizado foi definido principalmente em função do custo do material e de suas propriedades magnéticas estarem adequadas à necessidade do projeto. O projeto magnético foi feito para maximizar o fluxo nos dentes, considerando as características construtivas e a curva de trabalho dos imãs. O projeto elétrico, a partir de um circuito equivalente do motor, permitiu explicar as relações de torque, corrente e tensão do motor MSIP, bem como a definição das bobinas do motor, quanto ao espaçamento destas entre as ranhuras, o cálculo do número de espiras e o diâmetro dos fios em função da área permitida pela ranhura da lamina do estator. Com as informações obtidas após o cálculo do motor MSIP, passou-se a construção de um protótipo constituído pelo estator, rotor e um sistema de suporte que permitisse o levantamento dos parâmetros do motor. Os parâmetros necessários foram definidos levando-se em consideração a necessidade para o projetista do conversor elétrico, sendo estes dados utilizados em simulações computacionais para a determinação do projeto do acionador. Com isto, os ensaios do motor MSIP permitiram o levantamento dos seguintes parâmetros: resistência, indutância, curvas de tensão de fase e linha da eletromotriz por velocidade em diversas rotações, momento de inércia e atrito viscoso, concluindo assim a proposta deste trabalho, e finalizando a metodologia para o motor MSIP. / A major residential application of single-phase induction motors is in domestic refrigeration. The development of more efficient motors, associated with speed control, has made that, among the most diverse types of electrical motors, the permanent magnet synchronous machine becomes an object of study for a design, construction and testing methodology. Therefore, to suit the PMSM design to replace the single phase induction motor, studies were made on how to take advantage of existing laminations, through definitions of the basic characteristics of the stator and rotor. The permanent magnet used was defined mainly as a function of the cost of the material and its magnetic properties since they suit the design requirements. PMSM magnetic design was made to maximize the magnetic flow in the slots considering the constructive characteristics and the magnet curve. The electric design, starting from a motor equivalent circuit, allowed to explain torque, current and voltage of the PMSM motor, as well as the definition of the motor windings regarding their filling in the slots, the calculation of coil number and the wire diameter as a function of the area allowed by the stator lamination slot. With the information obtained after the PMSM motor calculation, a prototype construction was initiated consisting of the stator, rotor and a support system to allow determining the motor parameters. The required parameters were defined taking into account the need the designer had of an electronic drive had. This data was used in computational simulations to determine the electronic driver design. After this, the motor testing allowed to identify the parameters, namely: winding resistance and inductance, various speed curves versus phase to phase and line voltage for back emf´s, moment of inertia and viscous friction, thus completing this work proposal, finalizing the project methodology for PMSM motor.

A grande aplicação residencial de motores de indução monofásicos é em sistemas de refrigeração doméstica/comercial. O desenvolvimento de motores mais eficientes, associado ao controle de velocidade, fez com que, dentro os mais diversos tipos de motores, o motor síncrono de imã permanente tornasse objeto para a criação de uma metodologia de projeto, construção e realização de ensaios. Assim, para adequar o projeto do motor MSIP para substituição do motor de indução monofásico, foram feitos estudos de como aproveitar as laminações já existentes, através de definições das características básicas do estator e do rotor. O imã permanente a ser utilizado foi definido principalmente em função do custo do material e de suas propriedades magnéticas estarem adequadas à necessidade do projeto. O projeto magnético foi feito para maximizar o fluxo nos dentes, considerando as características construtivas e a curva de trabalho dos imãs. O projeto elétrico, a partir de um circuito equivalente do motor, permitiu explicar as relações de torque, corrente e tensão do motor MSIP, bem como a definição das bobinas do motor, quanto ao espaçamento destas entre as ranhuras, o cálculo do número de espiras e o diâmetro dos fios em função da área permitida pela ranhura da lamina do estator. Com as informações obtidas após o cálculo do motor MSIP, passou-se a construção de um protótipo constituído pelo estator, rotor e um sistema de suporte que permitisse o levantamento dos parâmetros do motor. Os parâmetros necessários foram definidos levando-se em consideração a necessidade para o projetista do conversor elétrico, sendo estes dados utilizados em simulações computacionais para a determinação do projeto do acionador. Com isto, os ensaios do motor MSIP permitiram o levantamento dos seguintes parâmetros: resistência, indutância, curvas de tensão de fase e linha da eletromotriz por velocidade em diversas rotações, momento de inércia e atrito viscoso, concluindo assim a proposta deste trabalho, e finalizando a metodologia para o motor MSIP. / A major residential application of single-phase induction motors is in domestic refrigeration. The development of more efficient motors, associated with speed control, has made that, among the most diverse types of electrical motors, the permanent magnet synchronous machine becomes an object of study for a design, construction and testing methodology. Therefore, to suit the PMSM design to replace the single phase induction motor, studies were made on how to take advantage of existing laminations, through definitions of the basic characteristics of the stator and rotor. The permanent magnet used was defined mainly as a function of the cost of the material and its magnetic properties since they suit the design requirements. PMSM magnetic design was made to maximize the magnetic flow in the slots considering the constructive characteristics and the magnet curve. The electric design, starting from a motor equivalent circuit, allowed to explain torque, current and voltage of the PMSM motor, as well as the definition of the motor windings regarding their filling in the slots, the calculation of coil number and the wire diameter as a function of the area allowed by the stator lamination slot. With the information obtained after the PMSM motor calculation, a prototype construction was initiated consisting of the stator, rotor and a support system to allow determining the motor parameters. The required parameters were defined taking into account the need the designer had of an electronic drive had. This data was used in computational simulations to determine the electronic driver design. After this, the motor testing allowed to identify the parameters, namely: winding resistance and inductance, various speed curves versus phase to phase and line voltage for back emf´s, moment of inertia and viscous friction, thus completing this work proposal, finalizing the project methodology for PMSM motor.

Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία πραγματεύεται τη μελέτη, το σχεδιασμό και την εξομοίωση ενός σύγχρονου κινητήρα μόνιμου μαγνήτη οδηγούμενο από ελεγχόμενο τριφασικό αντιστροφέα. Η εργασία αυτή εκπονήθηκε στο Εργαστήριο Ηλεκτρομηχανικής Μετατροπής Ενέργειας του Τμήματος Ηλεκτρολόγων Μηχανικών και Τεχνολογίας Υπολογιστών της Πολυτεχνικής Σχολής του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών. Σκοπός λοιπόν της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η μελέτη και προσομοίωση ενός σύγχρονου κινητήρα μόνιμου μαγνήτη μέσω της μεθόδου των πεπερασμένων στοιχείων, με τη βοήθεια του λογισμικού Opera σε δύο διαστάσεις (2d). Στο περιβάλλον σχεδίασης κυκλωμάτων του ίδιου προγράμματος, μοντελοποιήθηκε και ο τριφασικός αντιστροφέας ισχύος για την οδήγηση του κινητήρα. Στην συνέχεια, έγινε διασύνδεση του λογισμικού Opera με το πρόγραμμα Simulink του λογισμικού Matlab, με απώτερο σκοπό να επιτευχθεί έλεγχος κλειστού βρόχου της ταχύτητας περιστροφής του κινητήρα Συγκεκριμένα, έγινε μελέτη και προσομοίωση ενός συγκεκριμένου 8πολικού κινητήρα τύπου Brushless DC, ονομαστικής ισχύος 660 W, ονομαστικής τάσης 48 V, και ονομαστικής ταχύτητας 3000 rpm ο οποίος τροφοδοτήθηκε στην είσοδό του με τριφασικό αντιστροφέα. Ιδιαίτερη προσοχή δόθηκε, στην εξομοίωση του τρόπου λειτουργίας των αισθητήρων Hall, μέσω των ημιαγωγικών διακοπτικών στοιχείων του αντιστροφέα, τα οποία ρυθμίστηκαν για να λειτουργούν σε κατάλληλες, για την υπό μελέτη μηχανή, χρονικές περιόδους. Κρίσιμη ήταν επίσης, η διαδικασία εύρεσης των κατάλληλων κερδών των ελεγκτών PI, έτσι ώστε να βελτιωθεί η μεταβατική απόκριση του συστήματος κλειστού βρόχου και να μειωθεί το σφάλμα μόνιμης κατάστασης ταχύτητας. Αναλυτικά, στο κεφάλαιο 1 γίνεται αναφορά στα θεμελιώδη μεγέθη του μαγνητικού πεδίου, καθώς και στις ιδιότητες των μαγνητικών υλικών που χρησιμοποιούνται στην κατασκευή σύγχρονων μηχανών μόνιμου μαγνήτη. Στο κεφάλαιο 2 αναλύονται οι σύγχρονοι κινητήρες μόνιμου μαγνήτη και γίνεται εκτενής αναφορά στα κατασκευαστικά χαρακτηριστικά, στη βασική αρχή λειτουργίας και στις μαθηματικές εξισώσεις που τους περιγράφουν. Στο κεφάλαιο 3 περιγράφεται η διάταξη οδήγησης του κινητήρα και αναλύονται λεπτομερώς η λειτουργία και του αντιστροφέα και του κυκλώματος ελέγχου κλειστού βρόχου. Στο κεφάλαιο 4 περιγράφεται η διαδικασία διεξαγωγής μετρήσεων και σχεδιασμού του μοντέλου πεπερασμένων στοιχείων της μηχανής στο περιβάλλον του υπολογιστικού προγράμματος Opera-2d. Στο κεφάλαιο 5 περιγράφεται η διαδικασία σχεδιασμού του τριφασικού αντιστροφέα και παρουσιάζονται τα αποτελέσματα εξομοίωσης για το σύστημα ανοικτού βρόχου. Στο κεφάλαιο 6 εξηγείται η διαδικασία διασύνδεσης των δύο προγραμμάτων (Matlab-Opera) και παρουσιάζονται τα αποτελέσματα της εξομοίωσης για το σύστημα ελέγχου κλειστού βρόχου. / In this dissertation, the design and simulation of a permanent magnet synchronous motor driven by a three-phase inverter, is presented. The work was conducted at the Laboratory of Electromechanical Energy Conversion, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras. The objective of this dissertation is the study and simulation of a permanent magnet synchronous motor employing the finite element method, with the help of Opera-2d simulation software. In the Circuit Editor environment of the same software, a three-phase inverter for driving the motor was designed, utilizing the PWM method and achieving open loop control of the motor rotation speed under constant loads. In addition, a closed loop control system was designed on Simulink user interface of Matlab software and making use of the interconnection capability of the two programs (Matlab-Opera) closed loop control of the motor rotation speed was achieved. Specifically, chapter 1 gives reference to fundamentals of the magnetic field and the magnetic properties of materials used in the construction of modern permanent magnet machines. Chapter 2 analyzes synchronous permanent magnet motors and makes an extensive reference to the constructional features, basic operation principle and the mathematical equations that describe them. Chapter 3 describes the motor driving converter and analyzes in detail the operation of the inverter and the closed loop control circuit. Chapter 4 describes the procedure for carrying out measurements and designing the finite element model of the machine in the environment of Opera-2d software. Chapter 5 describes the three-phase inverter design process and presents the simulation results for the open loop system. Chapter 6 explains the interconnection process of the two programs (Matlab-Opera) and presents the results of the simulation for the closed loop control system.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:27:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ELISABETH CRISTINA LEMOS SPERB.pdf: 4249399 bytes, checksum: 689cbb6a5cf388bda83e27d4de4a8e1a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This project presents the implementation of an experimental test bed to drive the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) using a digital signal processor. The main purpose of the project is to develop a test bed with flexible features enabling the implementation and evaluation of different motor control techniques. Initially the constructive characteristics of the PMSM are studied, as the selection of the proper materials of permanent magnets and the possibilities of physical arrangement in the rotor. Then the mathematical model is developed with the currents and voltage equation in the rotating reference frame. An analysis is made, consequently, of the vector control using the method by considering the rotor flux approach with constant torque control and the space vector pulse width modulation technique. Some techniques of sensorless control based on the motor mathematical model and artificial neural network are also presented. To demonstrate the flexibility of the bed developed, some algorithms for estimating motor position and speed, earlier simulated, were implemented with the algorithm drive system. / Neste trabalho é apresentada a implementação de uma bancada experimental para o acionamento do motor síncrono de imãs permanentes (MSIP) utilizando um processador digital de sinais. O objetivo principal do trabalho é desenvolver uma bancada com características flexíveis que permita a implementação e avaliação de técnicas de controle variadas. Inicialmente, são estudadas as características construtivas do MSIP, como o material que compõe os imãs permanentes e as possibilidades de arranjo físico no rotor. Em seguida é desenvolvido o modelo matemático com as equações de corrente e tensão no referencial girante. É analisado na seqüência, o controle vetorial, utilizando o método direto pelo fluxo de rotor considerando a abordagem com controle de torque constante, e a técnica de modulação por largura de pulso por vetor espacial. São também apresentadas algumas técnicas de controle sem sensor de posição/velocidade (sensorless) baseadas no modelo matemático do motor e em redes neurais artificiais. Algumas técnicas de controle sensorless foram simuladas e analisadas. Para comprovar a flexibilidade da bancada desenvolvida, alguns algoritmos de estimação da posição e velocidade do motor, anteriormente simulados, foram implementados juntamente com o algoritmo de acionamento.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T17:38:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Resumo - Roberto Andrich.pdf: 255410 bytes, checksum: 674d7034fd046a38194121da5d0b5f27 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this work is presented the development of an experimental setup and a simulation plataform for the evaluation of performance in permanent magnet synchronous motors when drived with di_erent control strategies. The proposal of the experimental setup is to allow the driving and analysis of these types of motors with the main control strategies used in their applications in a easy and didactic way. The control strategies implemented are the well known Six-step technic for BLDC type motor, that is, motors having trapezoidal back-emf voltages, the classical Field Oriented Control for BLAC type motors, that is, motors having sinusoidal back-emf voltages and a modified field oriented control specially developed for non-sinusoidal back-emf voltage motors. The proposal of the simulation plataform is to estimate the results obtained in the experimental bench. This is done by implementing the same control strategies in the simulation bench and also by modelling the main losses in the driving inverter and motor. / Nesse trabalho é apresentado o desenvolvimento de uma Plataforma Experimental e de uma Plataforma de Simulação para a avaliação de desempenho em motores síncronos com ímãs permanentes quando acionados com diferentes estratégias de controle. A proposta da plataforma experimental é permitir o acionamento e a análise desses motores com as principais estratégias de controle utilizadas em suas aplicações de forma prática e didática. As estratégias implementadas são o controle Six-step para motores do tipo BLDC, ou seja, com tensões induzidas trapezoidais, o controle vetorial para motores do tipo BLAC, ou seja, com tensões induzidas senoidais e uma proposta de modificação no controle vetorial para o acionamento de motores com tensões induzidas não senoidais. A plataforma de simulação tem por objetivo estimar a priori os resultados obtidos na plataforma experimental através da implementação das mesmas estratégias de controle e do modelamento das principais perdas existentes no inversor e no motor

Cette thèse aborde la conception optimale des chaînes de traction par l'exemple d'une chaîne de traction pour métro. Les données d'entrée de la conception d'une chaîne de traction sont la performance attendue et l'encombrement des équipements nécessaires. Pour aider le concepteur, l'outil informatique donne aujourd'hui la possibilité de construire une grande variété de modèles. D'autre part, les algorithmes d'optimisation permettent de trouver les configurations optimales. Ces possibilités ont été exploitées au cours de ce travail. Les modèles développés permettent d'estimer un large nombre de critères. A travers l'exemple de ces modèles, la méthode de conception suivie est détaillée dans le rapport. D'un point de vue technique, la chaîne de traction proposée est détaillée dans le dernier chapitre / This thesis deals with the optimal design of electric drivetrains. A drivetrain for metro is taken as an example. The input data for the design are the expected performance and the size of the required equipments.To assist the designer, the computing tool now gives the opportunity to build different sort of models. In addition, optimization algorithms allow finding optimal configurations. This work is an attempt to exploit these possibilities. The design models are used to value a large number of criteria. Through the example of these models, the design method followed is detailed in the document. From a technical point of view, the proposed drivetrain is detailed in the last chapter

No description available.