Techn. Univ., Diss., 2005--Darmstadt

A novel approach to enhance the concentration of Carbon dioxide to economic scale using low efficient Inorganic Ceramic membranes has been proposed. This was achieved by the addition of second and third stage permeation trains to the existing low CO2 recovering Ceramic Inorganic membranes. The Inorganic Ceramic membrane development involved modification of Alpha Alumina support with Gamma Alumina for improved surface area. Further modifications with Magnesium Oxide and Silicon Elastomer showed increase in the selectivity of Carbon dioxide molecules over Nitrogen, Methane, Argon, and Helium molecules, both in pure and mixture forms. A simulated flue gas feed concentration of CO2-14% and N2-86% was found to be concentrated more than 90% of CO2. The Carbon dioxide permeability was found to decrease as the membrane thickness and number of dipping increased, whereas, the selectivity of the Carbon dioxide over Nitrogen, Argon, Helium and Methane molecules improved with the use of modified membranes compared to membrane support only. The testing of the fabricated membrane demonstrated that modified membrane at third stage permeation at a pressure drop of 9.00KPa and operating temperature of 296K was capable of recovering more than 90% of Carbon dioxide from a feed gas mixture of 14%-CO2 and N2-86%.The permeability of the Carbon dioxide gas molecules that was recovered at the above listed operating conditions was 4.26X10-12 (mol.m/m2.s.Pa). This was achieved by surface flow mechanism and membrane pore sizes estimated were found to be macroporoes and mesopores with their EDXA and SEM images. A numerical algorithm was used to estimate the errors. The error was found to decrease as the permeation value increases.

Estudos recentes têm demonstrado o efeito das isoflavonas da soja, em especial da genisteína (GEN), aplicada topicamente, na prevenção do envelhecimento cutâneo. Esse efeito tem sido relacionado com as suas atividades inibidora de tirosina quinase, antioxidante e estrogênica. Neste contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi desenvolver nanoemulsões de uso tópico contendo GEN. Em uma primeira etapa, foi validada metodologia para a quantificação da GEN por CLAE, utilizando um sistema isocrático com detecção no UV em 327 ou 270 nm. Na segunda etapa, nanoemulsões constituídas de GEN, lecitina de gema de ovo, triglicerídeos de cadeia média (TCMGEN) ou octildodecanol (ODDGEN) e água foram preparadas por emulsificação espontânea. Esse procedimento conduziu à obtenção de nanoemulsões monodispersas com diâmetro de gotícula de 263 e 282 nm, viscosidade de 1,5 e 1,8 cP e potencial zeta de -44 e -42 mV, para TCMGEN e ODDGEN, respectivamente. A quantidade de GEN associada com ambas as formulações foi próxima de 100 % (para 1 mg/mL). A reduzida solubilidade da GEN no TCM e ODD (230 e 138 μg/g, respectivamente) sugere o efeito da lecitina na sua associação com as nanoemulsões. Considerando que os estudos de DSC demonstraram a interação da GEN com TCM, ODD e lecitina, a GEN parece estar localizada tanto no núcleo oleoso como na interface das nanoemulsões. Em uma última etapa, foi realizado o estudo de permeação cutânea da GEN a partir das formulações utilizando células de difusão de Franz. Foi demonstrada a reduzida permeação da GEN (~ 7,5 μg.cm-2.h-1). Existe uma redução significativa da permeabilidade da GEN a partir dos núcleos óleos (~ 3,5 – 5 μg.cm-2.h-1) ou nanoemulsões (~ 3 – 3,5 μg.cm-2.h-1), indicando a afinidade da GEN pelos veículos utilizados. O conjunto dos resultados obtidos demonstra a influência dos componentes das formulações sobre as propriedades físico-químicas das nanoemulsões, bem como no perfil de permeação cutâneo da GEN. / Recent studies have shown the effect of soy isoflavones, especially genistein (GEN), topically administrated, in preventing skin aging. This effect has been related to tyrosine kinase inhibition, antioxidant and estrogenic activities. In this context, the aim of the present work was the development of topic nanoemulsions containing GEN. First, it has been validated an isocratic method to quantify GEN by HPLC with UV detection at 327 and 270 nm. In a second step, nanoemulsions composed by GEN, egg lecithin, medium chain triglycerides (TCMGEN) or octyldodecanol (ODDGEN) and water were prepared by spontaneous emulsification. This procedure yielded monodisperse emulsions with a typical mean droplet size of 263 and 282 nm, viscosity of 1.5 and 1.8 cP and ζ-potential -44 and -42 mV, for TCMGEN and ODDGEN, respectively. The amount of GEN associated with both formulations was close to 100 % (to 1 mg/mL). The low solubility of GEN in TCM and ODD (230 and 138 μg/g, respectively) suggests the role of lecithin on their association with nanoemulsions. Since DSC experiments have demonstrated GEN interactions with TCM, ODD and lecithin, GEN molecules seem to be located in to the oil core and at the interface of nanoemulsions. In a last step, the permeation of GEN from formulations using ear pigskin mounted in Franz diffusion cells was performed. It was shown that GEN permeation was low (~ 7.5 μg.cm-2.h-1). There was a significant reduction of the GEN permeability from oils (~ 3.5 - 5 μg.cm-2.h-1) or nanoemulsions (~ 3 – 3.5 μg.cm-2.h-1), showing the affinity of GEN to the vehicles. In conclusion, the overall results show the effect of the nanoemulsion components on both physicochemical properties of the nanoemulsions and GEN skin permeation profile.

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第13789号 / 工博第2893号 / 新制||工||1427(附属図書館) / 26005 / UT51-2008-C705 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科材料化学専攻 / (主査)教授 瀧川 敏算, 教授 木村 俊作, 教授 田中 文彦 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

Estudos recentes têm demonstrado o efeito das isoflavonas da soja, em especial da genisteína (GEN), aplicada topicamente, na prevenção do envelhecimento cutâneo. Esse efeito tem sido relacionado com as suas atividades inibidora de tirosina quinase, antioxidante e estrogênica. Neste contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi desenvolver nanoemulsões de uso tópico contendo GEN. Em uma primeira etapa, foi validada metodologia para a quantificação da GEN por CLAE, utilizando um sistema isocrático com detecção no UV em 327 ou 270 nm. Na segunda etapa, nanoemulsões constituídas de GEN, lecitina de gema de ovo, triglicerídeos de cadeia média (TCMGEN) ou octildodecanol (ODDGEN) e água foram preparadas por emulsificação espontânea. Esse procedimento conduziu à obtenção de nanoemulsões monodispersas com diâmetro de gotícula de 263 e 282 nm, viscosidade de 1,5 e 1,8 cP e potencial zeta de -44 e -42 mV, para TCMGEN e ODDGEN, respectivamente. A quantidade de GEN associada com ambas as formulações foi próxima de 100 % (para 1 mg/mL). A reduzida solubilidade da GEN no TCM e ODD (230 e 138 μg/g, respectivamente) sugere o efeito da lecitina na sua associação com as nanoemulsões. Considerando que os estudos de DSC demonstraram a interação da GEN com TCM, ODD e lecitina, a GEN parece estar localizada tanto no núcleo oleoso como na interface das nanoemulsões. Em uma última etapa, foi realizado o estudo de permeação cutânea da GEN a partir das formulações utilizando células de difusão de Franz. Foi demonstrada a reduzida permeação da GEN (~ 7,5 μg.cm-2.h-1). Existe uma redução significativa da permeabilidade da GEN a partir dos núcleos óleos (~ 3,5 – 5 μg.cm-2.h-1) ou nanoemulsões (~ 3 – 3,5 μg.cm-2.h-1), indicando a afinidade da GEN pelos veículos utilizados. O conjunto dos resultados obtidos demonstra a influência dos componentes das formulações sobre as propriedades físico-químicas das nanoemulsões, bem como no perfil de permeação cutâneo da GEN. / Recent studies have shown the effect of soy isoflavones, especially genistein (GEN), topically administrated, in preventing skin aging. This effect has been related to tyrosine kinase inhibition, antioxidant and estrogenic activities. In this context, the aim of the present work was the development of topic nanoemulsions containing GEN. First, it has been validated an isocratic method to quantify GEN by HPLC with UV detection at 327 and 270 nm. In a second step, nanoemulsions composed by GEN, egg lecithin, medium chain triglycerides (TCMGEN) or octyldodecanol (ODDGEN) and water were prepared by spontaneous emulsification. This procedure yielded monodisperse emulsions with a typical mean droplet size of 263 and 282 nm, viscosity of 1.5 and 1.8 cP and ζ-potential -44 and -42 mV, for TCMGEN and ODDGEN, respectively. The amount of GEN associated with both formulations was close to 100 % (to 1 mg/mL). The low solubility of GEN in TCM and ODD (230 and 138 μg/g, respectively) suggests the role of lecithin on their association with nanoemulsions. Since DSC experiments have demonstrated GEN interactions with TCM, ODD and lecithin, GEN molecules seem to be located in to the oil core and at the interface of nanoemulsions. In a last step, the permeation of GEN from formulations using ear pigskin mounted in Franz diffusion cells was performed. It was shown that GEN permeation was low (~ 7.5 μg.cm-2.h-1). There was a significant reduction of the GEN permeability from oils (~ 3.5 - 5 μg.cm-2.h-1) or nanoemulsions (~ 3 – 3.5 μg.cm-2.h-1), showing the affinity of GEN to the vehicles. In conclusion, the overall results show the effect of the nanoemulsion components on both physicochemical properties of the nanoemulsions and GEN skin permeation profile.

Membrane-based gas separation processes are an area of interest owing to their high industrial demand for a wide range of applications, such as natural gas purification from CO2 or H2, and N2 or O2 separation from air. This thesis is focused on developing and investigating polymeric-based membranes. Firstly, novel mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were prepared, incorporating few-layer graphene in the polymer of intrinsic microporosity PIM-1. Secondly, novel polyphenylene-based polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PP-PIMs) were synthesised. An optimum preparation method of graphene/PIM-1 MMMs (GPMMMs) was established from numbers of experiments. In this study, graphene exfoliation was a step towards GPMMM preparation. Starting from graphene exfoliation in chloroform, as a good solvent for PIM-1, enhancement in graphene dispersibility was obtained with addition of PIM-1. This result helped in GPMMM preparation with high graphene content (up to 4 wt.%). Characterizations techniques such as Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of GPMMMs, confirmed the few layer graphene content, with morphology changes in the polymeric matrix compared to pure PIM-1.Gas permeability results of GPMMMs showed an enhancement in permeability with low loading graphene (0.1 wt.%) using a relatively low permeability PIM-1 batch, due to high water content. However, less influence of graphene incorporation on permeability was observed with a highly permeable PIM-1 batch. Reduction in permeability over time, termed an ageing effect, is known for a polymer of high-free volume like PIM-1. However, the enhancement of GPMMMs permeability after eight months storage was shown to be retained. Novel PP-PIMs were prepared from novel precursors using a series known organic reactions. PP-PIMs were divided into two groups of polymers based on their polymerization reactions. A group of polymers were prepared from condensation polymerization between bis-catecol monomers and tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile (TFTPN). Another group of polymers were prepared from Diels Alder polymerization between monomers of terminal bisphenylacetylene groups and bis tetraphenylcyclopentadienones (TPCPDs). All of which yielded polymers with apparent BET surface area in the range 290-443 m2 g-1.

Estudos recentes têm demonstrado o efeito das isoflavonas da soja, em especial da genisteína (GEN), aplicada topicamente, na prevenção do envelhecimento cutâneo. Esse efeito tem sido relacionado com as suas atividades inibidora de tirosina quinase, antioxidante e estrogênica. Neste contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi desenvolver nanoemulsões de uso tópico contendo GEN. Em uma primeira etapa, foi validada metodologia para a quantificação da GEN por CLAE, utilizando um sistema isocrático com detecção no UV em 327 ou 270 nm. Na segunda etapa, nanoemulsões constituídas de GEN, lecitina de gema de ovo, triglicerídeos de cadeia média (TCMGEN) ou octildodecanol (ODDGEN) e água foram preparadas por emulsificação espontânea. Esse procedimento conduziu à obtenção de nanoemulsões monodispersas com diâmetro de gotícula de 263 e 282 nm, viscosidade de 1,5 e 1,8 cP e potencial zeta de -44 e -42 mV, para TCMGEN e ODDGEN, respectivamente. A quantidade de GEN associada com ambas as formulações foi próxima de 100 % (para 1 mg/mL). A reduzida solubilidade da GEN no TCM e ODD (230 e 138 μg/g, respectivamente) sugere o efeito da lecitina na sua associação com as nanoemulsões. Considerando que os estudos de DSC demonstraram a interação da GEN com TCM, ODD e lecitina, a GEN parece estar localizada tanto no núcleo oleoso como na interface das nanoemulsões. Em uma última etapa, foi realizado o estudo de permeação cutânea da GEN a partir das formulações utilizando células de difusão de Franz. Foi demonstrada a reduzida permeação da GEN (~ 7,5 μg.cm-2.h-1). Existe uma redução significativa da permeabilidade da GEN a partir dos núcleos óleos (~ 3,5 – 5 μg.cm-2.h-1) ou nanoemulsões (~ 3 – 3,5 μg.cm-2.h-1), indicando a afinidade da GEN pelos veículos utilizados. O conjunto dos resultados obtidos demonstra a influência dos componentes das formulações sobre as propriedades físico-químicas das nanoemulsões, bem como no perfil de permeação cutâneo da GEN. / Recent studies have shown the effect of soy isoflavones, especially genistein (GEN), topically administrated, in preventing skin aging. This effect has been related to tyrosine kinase inhibition, antioxidant and estrogenic activities. In this context, the aim of the present work was the development of topic nanoemulsions containing GEN. First, it has been validated an isocratic method to quantify GEN by HPLC with UV detection at 327 and 270 nm. In a second step, nanoemulsions composed by GEN, egg lecithin, medium chain triglycerides (TCMGEN) or octyldodecanol (ODDGEN) and water were prepared by spontaneous emulsification. This procedure yielded monodisperse emulsions with a typical mean droplet size of 263 and 282 nm, viscosity of 1.5 and 1.8 cP and ζ-potential -44 and -42 mV, for TCMGEN and ODDGEN, respectively. The amount of GEN associated with both formulations was close to 100 % (to 1 mg/mL). The low solubility of GEN in TCM and ODD (230 and 138 μg/g, respectively) suggests the role of lecithin on their association with nanoemulsions. Since DSC experiments have demonstrated GEN interactions with TCM, ODD and lecithin, GEN molecules seem to be located in to the oil core and at the interface of nanoemulsions. In a last step, the permeation of GEN from formulations using ear pigskin mounted in Franz diffusion cells was performed. It was shown that GEN permeation was low (~ 7.5 μg.cm-2.h-1). There was a significant reduction of the GEN permeability from oils (~ 3.5 - 5 μg.cm-2.h-1) or nanoemulsions (~ 3 – 3.5 μg.cm-2.h-1), showing the affinity of GEN to the vehicles. In conclusion, the overall results show the effect of the nanoemulsion components on both physicochemical properties of the nanoemulsions and GEN skin permeation profile.

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第15584号 / 工博第3296号 / 新制||工||1497(附属図書館) / 28105 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科材料化学専攻 / (主査)教授 瀧川 敏算, 教授 木村 俊作, 教授 長谷川 博一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

No description available.

Naloxone (NAL) is administered parenterally or intranasally for treating opioid overdose. The short duration of action of NAL calls for frequent re-dosing which may be eliminated by the development of a transdermal system. This study aimed to assess the effect of microneedles on improving the skin permeation of NAL hydrochloride. In vitro permeation of NAL across intact and microneedle-treated (Dr. Pen™ Ultima A6) porcine skin was evaluated. The effect of microneedle length and application duration, and donor concentration on NAL permeation were investigated. In-vitro in-vivo correlation of the permeation results was done to predict the plasma concentration kinetics of NAL in patients. In vitro passive permeation of NAL after 6 h was observed to be 8.25±1.06 µg/cm2. A 56- and 37-fold enhancement was observed with 500 and 250 µm needles applied for 1 min, respectively. Application of 500 µm MNs for 2 min significantly reduced the lag time to ~ 8 min and increasing the donor concentration for the same treatment group doubled the permeation (p < 0.05). Modeling simulations demonstrated the attainment of pharmacokinetic profile of NAL comparable to those obtained with the FDA-approved intramuscular and intranasal devices. Microneedle-mediated transdermal delivery holds potential for rapid and sustained NAL delivery for opioid overdose treatment.