L’œuvre du poète et cinéaste Pierre Perrault a fait l’objet de nombreuses études du côté des littéraires et des spécialistes du cinéma. Très peu d’historiens se sont intéressés à sa production. Pourtant, l’étude de sa pensée dense et complexe permet de mieux comprendre les changements entraînés par la Révolution tranquille, notamment sur le plan des processus d’affirmation et de construction identitaires. À une époque où la jeunesse est à l'avant-scène, soit les années 60, Perrault met de l'avant, par le biais du microphone, du cinéma et de l'écriture la parole de protagoniste âgés provenant de l'Île-aux-Coudres. Ces vieillards portent et incarnent une connaissance en voie d’extinction, soit une tradition identitaire qu’il importe pour l'intellectuel alors d'évoquer et d'affirmer. Dans son œuvre, les aînés, par leurs actions et leurs réflexions, contribuent à jeter un regard critique sur un monde en pleine mutation. À travers la réflexion de Perrault, ils posent la question des liens à préserver, de l'héritage à conserver, des conséquences identitaires de l’oubli et du rejet de la mémoire, en sommes des frontières à ériger ou encore à ne pas transgresser entre la tradition et la modernité. Ils nourrissent ainsi chez le poète, cinéaste et homme de radio, une évolution réflexive complexe portant sur le rôle de la tradition dans l'affirmation de l'identité québécoise qui sera au centre de la présente étude. On pourrait ainsi affirmer « Que restera-t-il de nous "Pour la suite du monde"? » est cette question essentielle adressée par les personnages âgés à la jeune génération qui traverse, donne sens et oriente la production médiatique à l'Île-aux-Coudres sur laquelle repose le développement de la pensée identitaire et traditionnaliste de Perrault.

Notre travail de recherche porte sur la parole liée à un jeu apparaissant dans La bête lumineuse, parole imprégnée d'une praxis traditionnelle : la chasse. Comme cette parole ludique est confrontée à une parole « mythifiante », nous croyons que l'opposition en question est désirée par le réalisateur Pierre Perrault. Aussi, ce mémoire contient certains sujets comme la pensée essayistique de Perrault, son travail sur La bête lumineuse, l'univers carnavalesque du film, le fonctionnement du jeu et les interactions entre les personnages. Deux hypothèses sous-tendent le mémoire. Premièrement, dans La bête lumineuse, la volonté de Perrault de capter et de mémoriser le réel produit non pas un témoignage authentique mais un projet filmique créatif. Deuxièmement, le rapport de Perrault avec La bête lumineuse est lié à une quête de la mémoire. En ce qui concerne la première hypothèse, on verra que, dans sa pensée essayistique, Perrault s'inspire de Platon et élabore une vision dialectique où ce qu'il appelle un « témoignage » s'oppose à l'illusion mimétique du cinéma, son souci d'authenticité se trouvant dans la réalité, l'objectivité de la caméra et le documentaire. Or, si nous analysons son travail sur le film à l'aide des théories de François Niney et d'André Gaudreault, nous voyons que ce « témoignage » est le résultat de plusieurs manipulations. Il y a la mise en scène liée aux choix des personnages, du sujet et du lieu de tournage, la caméra qui participe à l'action et le montage qui fait que la parole sature l'image de sa présence. De plus, en suivant l'optique de Michèle Garneau sur le cinéma de Perrault, nous remarquons que ces manipulations ont un but : magnifier une parole qui n'est pas idéalisée socialement. Ainsi, par une vision indirecte libre, la parole des chasseurs sert à produire un récit épique, donc une œuvre d'art à la fois éthique et esthétique. Concernant la deuxième hypothèse, à partir du concept des conséquences textuelles d'André Belleau, nous analyserons les traces de carnavalisation dans La bête lumineuse. Puisque, au sens dumontien, le film est un objet second qui crée une distanciation face à la première culture, il offre la possibilité de réfléchir sur la culture. Chez Perrault, cette réflexion passe par une quête de la parole de source. Dans le film, cette parole est, certes, liée à la pratique de la chasse mais également au carnavalesque. Comme elle est porteuse de tradition et relativise les normes de la société, elle fait du film un objet qui permet de s'interroger sur le rapport à la mémoire. À l'aide du système de classification des jeux formulé par Roger Caillois, de la fonction sociale du jeu de Johan Huizinga et des fonctions du sacrifice de Guy Rosolato, nous remarquons que le jeu produit cette parole de source et sert de lieu de rencontre entre deux visions du monde : celles des habitués de la chasse et de deux néophytes. Ainsi, Perrault ne fait pas que magnifier cette parole ludique dans un récit épique, par le choix des personnages, il l'oppose à une parole qui idéalise la chasse, créant une dialectique qui offre une réflexion sur l'imaginaire et sur la mémoire à travers une activité traditionnelle. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : cinéma, documentaire, mimésis, réel, regard, voix, oralité, mémoire, jeu, plaisir, chasse, carnavalisation, poésie

The critique part of this thesis explores two rewritings of the fairytale Tom Thumb by Charles Perrault, written by Pierrette Fleutiaux and Michel Tournier. Firstly, modifications to the original fairytale will be shown, followed by the presence of the newly introduced themes of sexuality and religion. It will be established that binary combinations are an integral part of the structure of a traditional fairytale, before examining the manner in which these writers use the new themes in order to blur the separating lines of the binary combinations. Bearing in mind the dismantling of the structure of the original fairytale, we will try to see if these two texts can still be considered as fairytales. / The creative section of the thesis is composed of five fairytales: original works and rewritings which play with structure, characters and themes of the fairytale.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Alberta, 2009. / Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on October 14, 2009). At head of title screen: University of Alberta. A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Modern Languages and Cultural Studies. Includes bibliographical references.

Storytelling has existed since the beginning of humanity, in every culture. Today, we are still telling stories that are hundreds of years old. Sleeping Beauty, or La belle au bois dormant, is a classic fairy-tale. In the original version by Charles Perrault it is a story in two parts with a morality poem in the end. In this work, the relation between the story and the lessons that can be drawn from it and its final morality are examined. The aim of this work is to find out if the morality confirms or contradicts the story in La belle au bois dormant, and in what way, and secondly if La belle au bois dormant fulfil our expectations of a fairy tale. In order to give a deeper understanding of the key words, fairy-tale, as a genre, and the role of moral in literature two books aimed for literary education in French schools are used. By defining fairy-tale as a genre and the role of moral messages in literature, they can be compared to our story. Furthermore, by using examples from the story and analysing the story and the morality poem of Sleeping Beauty respectively, thus this essay spreads light on the contradicting messages in this fairy-tale. At the end of this work the conclusion is reached that the morality poem is not in any way confirmed by the story and that the two differ in terms of theme, content, and message, and thus La belle au bois dormant differ from traditional fairy tales because its morality does not support the story.

Taken as a whole, the purpose of the practical and theoretical components of this research aims to contextualise and present a contemporary fairy tale heroine who recuperates and re-values traditional aspects of femininity within a feminist context.

No description available.

[pt] Esta dissertação propõe-se a analisar reescritas brasileiras do conto Chapeuzinho Vermelho, cânone da literatura infantojuvenil. A pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, toma como texto fonte a versão francesa de Charles Perrault (século XVII), o primeiro no Ocidente a registrar oficialmente essa e outras histórias da tradição oral na literatura escrita. Com base nos Estudos Descritivos da Tradução e nos pressupostos teóricos de André Lefevere, procura-se discutir alguns aspectos presentes no sistema literário francês do século XVII, e analisar como o conto foi reescrito no sistema literário brasileiro em dois momentos distintos: em um período de desenvolvimento inicial da literatura infantojuvenil nacional (final do século XIX e início do século XX) e na contemporaneidade (século XXI), quando diversas reescritas foram elaboradas por tradutores e adaptadores brasileiros consagrados na área da tradução e/ou da literatura. São analisadas as reescritas de Figueiredo Pimentel (2006; 1911 [1896]), Monteiro Lobato (2007 [1934]), Katia Canton (2005), Mário Laranjeira (2007), Walcyr Carrasco (2009), Maria Luiza Borges (2010), Ivone Benedetti (2012) e Rosa Freire d’Aguiar (2012 [2007]). Também fazem parte do corpus da pesquisa textos (prefácios, posfácios, cartas, entrevistas, etc.) em que se busca examinar concepções de tradução, assim como fatores culturais, linguísticos e ideológicos que interferiram nas escolhas dos tradutores, e ainda o efeito potencial dessas escolhas nas diferentes épocas, considerando que as reescritas estão inseridas em contextos de ideologia e poder. / [en] This thesis intends to analyze Brazilian rewritings of the tale Chapeuzinho Vermelho, a canonical text in children’s literature. This research, of qualitative character, takes as source text the French version written by Charles Perrault (17th century), the first author in the West to officially register this and other stories of oral tradition in the written literature. Based on the Descriptive Translation Studies and the theoretical assumptions of André Lefevere, we will discuss some aspects found in the French literary system of the 17th century, and investigate how the tale has been rewritten in the Brazilian literary system in two different moments: in the initial stages of the development of the national children’s literature (at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of 20th century) and in the 21st century, when different rewritings have been done by Brazilian translators and adaptors renowned in the area of translation and/or literature. The analysis focuses on rewritings by the following authors: Figueiredo Pimentel (2006; 1911 [1896]), Monteiro Lobato (2007 [1934]), Katia Canton (2005), Mário Laranjeira (2007), Walcyr Carrasco (2009), Maria Luiza Borges (2010), Ivone Benedetti (2012) and Rosa Freire d’Aguiar (2012 [2007]). The corpus of this research also includes texts such as prefaces, postfaces, letters and interviews, through which we intend to examine not only conceptions of translation but also cultural, linguistic and ideological factors that interfered in the translators’ choices, and the potential effect of those choices in different times, considering that the rewritings are inserted in contexts of ideology and power.

With the invention of the printing press, fairy tales became limited by the idea of an "original" (Pettitt, 2009; Blamires, 2003). However, in the past century, the retelling and changing of fairy tales has become incredibly popular in all forms of media, such as print, film, ballet, musicals, etc. Despite Western populations' familiarity with these tales, the demand for such retellings continues to rise, with the storytellers finding great financial success with each "new" version they provide. Researchers have many varying opinions on the reasons for such intense responses to retold fairy tales, but there is a gap of research on the actual changes made to the retold tales and what they mean. Through the use of Narrative Criticism, three of the most popularly retold fairy tales (Cinderella, Beauty and the Beast, and Snow White) were analyzed for the biggest alterations, and what those alterations are meant to convey to consumers. Findings revealed that the biggest changes across all three retellings were those of character, narrator, audience, and setting. These changes indicate a switch from the authoritative nature of the first printed versions to an inferential nature with the subsequent retellings, with authors leaning into the Narrative Paradigm and forcing audiences to instead ruminate on the changes made in the familiar tales, and to decide for themselves what those changes mean for their personal lives.

This study examines the debates which marked the entry of culture as a theoretical issue in French writing at the end of the 17th century. The premise is that while culture could be said to have always been present in the very earliest treatises as the context, goal, and medium of architectural speculation, the focus on culture for considering the grounds, principles, and aims of architectural work portends a modern struggle to define a secular basis for human work. / The study begins with Claude Perrault's controversial declaration of arbitrary and positive beauty in the 17th century. Key to this research is the concept of arbitraire which attended his thinking on custom. Following Perrault's own cue, and complementing earlier studies of his scientific background, the study examines evidence of these concepts in contemporaneous discussions of jurisprudence and language. These contexts indicate that Perrault spoke from within an already prevalent discourse---one which affected the terms of architectural thought even amongst Perrault's critics in the 17th and 18th centuries. / Remaining with the question of the critical terrain opened up therein for architectural work, the study continues with an examination of the idea of caractere-convenant articulated by Germain Boffrand and Jacques-Francois Blondel, respectively. As with Perrault topical discourses of the time an examined to situate them terms, including those on luxury, taste, and civilite. As elaborations of a theory of architectural expression, the thinking on architectural character by these two authors can be considered heir to Perrault's legacy in more than one respect. The discourse of caractere itself, beginning with these first treatments, was an effort to articulate a role for human artifice, convention, and tradition within the search for enduring principles. More specifically, in seeking to ground architectural expression upon a language community---albeit a tenuous and finite one---Boffrand and Blondel developed a theory of signification which was a unique development of, and a demonstration for Perrault's analogy of arbitrary beauty and civil law. The uniqueness of this moment is framed by later developments in the thinking of grounds and fundaments, of invention and convention, and of architectural character at the end of the 18th century.