Uppsatsen är en genushistorisk undersökning av tre filmer från olika decennier. Syftet med uppsatsen är att utreda hur filmer från Walt Disney Animation Studios framställer manligt och kvinnlig genus, samt i vilken mån filmerna speglar den tid de producerades. Metoden är en textanalys av tre filmer. De filmer som analyseras, baserat på specifika urvalskriterier, är Snow White and the Seven Dwarfes (1937), The Rescuers (1977) och Aladdin (1992). Textanalysen uppmärksammar vilka egenskaper som ges till respektive karaktär. De uppmärksammade egenskaperna delas upp i två kategorier: inre och yttre attribut. Med inre attribut avses karaktärernas personlighet och dialog. Yttre attribut avser konkreta ageranden samt det som är möjligt att se med blotta ögat. Undersökningen finner att framställningen av manligt och kvinnligt genus har förändrats över tid. Det blir lättare för karaktärerna att tillskriva sig egenskaper som traditionellt sett tillhört det andra genusets. Analysen av filmerna visar att de i många avseenden är avspeglingar av den tid de producerades. Vidare är det tydligt att karaktärernas inre attribut är mer stabila över tid, medan karaktärernas yttre attribut varierar mer över tid. Detta uppfattas som att det i filmerna finns en orubblig kärna i de inre attributen. Denna kärna ges dock olika uttryck i de yttre attributen.

This thesis analyses 21st century filmic, televisual and comic “Snow White” adaptations. The research is interdisciplinary, bringing together scholarship on gender, childhood, ageing, adaptation, media and fairy tales. The first half of the thesis contextualises the broader historical and sociocultural conversation “Snow White” tellings are immersed in by nature of their shared culture and history. It also identifies the tale’s core and traces the tale’s formation as a tale type from the seventeenth to the twenty–first century. The second half of this thesis moves to an analysis of two films (Mirror Mirror, 2012; Snow White and the Huntsman, 2012), a television series (Once Upon a Time, 2011–present) and a comic book series (Fables, 2002–2015). It considers the kinds of stories about female growth and ageing different media adaptations of “Snow White” enable, and contemplates how issues of time and temporality and growth and ageing play out in these four versions. In analysing the relationship between form and content, this thesis illustrates how a study of different media adaptations of “Snow White” can enrich fairy–tale scholarship and the fairy–tale canon. It also details the imaginative space different media adaptations of “Snow White” provide when engaging with dominant discourses around female growth and ageing in the West. Using “Snow White” as a case study, this thesis centrally facilitates a dialogue between ageing, childhood, fairy–tale and adaptation studies.

Snow White through Grimm and Disney - A Comparative Study This essay attempts to discern the differences regarding six Swedish versions of the fairy-tale Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs over a period of 150 years. Focus is placed on structural transformations through time and media according to the analytical theories of Vladimir Propp. Attention is also given to former research done on the impact of the fairy-tale on the child from a psychological and social point of view. Of interest is the historical background of the tale, commencing with oral tradition, and how this was dealt with by the Grimm brothers. Three of the versions used for this comparative study are variants of the Grimm tale, and three belong to Walt Disney productions, i.e. the film and its picture stories. The aim of the comparison is to clarify how and why this tale is retained to the present.

“Original Sin”—evocative and powerful words, but what if they were applied to one of the world’s most popular fairy tales? This thesis explores Snow White in the context of the Seven Deadly Sins and the grand fall of Adam and Eve. The forbidden fruit manifests itself in different ways, pulling the prim and proper princess into places she never could have imagined. But what of the Wicked Queen, here known as Lilith? She too feels the bite of the world’s sick sense of humor, exacting revenge on those who have wronged her. Are these poems about them? Or are they about the author? Perhaps they are both: the innocent children learn quickly of life’s cruelty, handling it with equal parts grace and selfishness. Dive into the minds of Lilith and Snow White as they explore what it means to be themselves in a world that doesn’t care if they end up happy.

Since the late 1960s and early 1970s, critical scholarship concerning the fairy tale genre has done much to address the social, historical, cultural, and national motivations behind transformations of the fairy tale from a European starting point. However, the fairy tale’s development in the United States, including both its media-based adaptations and literary extensions, has been given limited attention. While the significance of Walt Disney’s animated films to the American fairy tale tradition has been addressed (by literary and film scholars alike), an interdisciplinary study drawing together Disney’s European and early twentieth century precursors (from literature, stage, and film); his own influential, modern debut; respondent literary and animated work of his immediate successors; and postmodern and twenty-first century adaptations has not been done. By examining the trajectory of a single tale, Snow White (or for Disney, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs), this dissertation aims to acknowledge the scholarly attention given to Disney’s animated films, while further examining attributes which I suggest have enabled Disney to have a “folkloric impact” on the fairy tale genre in the United States. Disney’s work stands upon the bedrock of not only European but American Snow White variations and makes these “new” through an innovative deployment and unification of word or language, sound, and image, unimagined prior to the debut of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). The effects of Disney’s influence, as a master storyteller, on both the fairy tale genre and commercial market were so profound that this particular version of the tale refuses to be forgotten, its shadow haunting successors who aimed to counter or redefine its understanding of fairy tale in light of shifting American values and culture. Therefore, even as the fairy tale is frequently understood to have moved beyond its folkloric “origins” (I use this term loosely, as the origins of fairy tale are surrounded by controversy), using the critical framework of folklorists Steven Swann Jones and Linda Dégh, as well as filmic folklorists, Sharon R. Sherman and Juwen Zhang, I explore how Disney’s patchwork of tradition, new technology, and media generated an easily recognizable and communicable tale, one that would be recalled, repeated, and reformed through adaptation by generations of audiences. These subsequent storytellers, in turn, extend American fairy tale tradition and lore still further. / English

With the invention of the printing press, fairy tales became limited by the idea of an "original" (Pettitt, 2009; Blamires, 2003). However, in the past century, the retelling and changing of fairy tales has become incredibly popular in all forms of media, such as print, film, ballet, musicals, etc. Despite Western populations' familiarity with these tales, the demand for such retellings continues to rise, with the storytellers finding great financial success with each "new" version they provide. Researchers have many varying opinions on the reasons for such intense responses to retold fairy tales, but there is a gap of research on the actual changes made to the retold tales and what they mean. Through the use of Narrative Criticism, three of the most popularly retold fairy tales (Cinderella, Beauty and the Beast, and Snow White) were analyzed for the biggest alterations, and what those alterations are meant to convey to consumers. Findings revealed that the biggest changes across all three retellings were those of character, narrator, audience, and setting. These changes indicate a switch from the authoritative nature of the first printed versions to an inferential nature with the subsequent retellings, with authors leaning into the Narrative Paradigm and forcing audiences to instead ruminate on the changes made in the familiar tales, and to decide for themselves what those changes mean for their personal lives.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:45:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Debora Cibele de Benedetto e Silva.pdf: 8893606 bytes, checksum: 82bb213662d4b0910441ad31f3862277 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Approximately one hundred years after its first publication in Children s and Household Tales, by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, the tale Snow White is translated into a movie by the Disney Studio in 1937; Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is the first full length animated film in the history of the movies. Due to its enormous success, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs becomes one of the definite versions of the tale registered by the Brothers Grimm. What is more, this version influences countless other productions made after its release. Subsequently, the Disney Company devises other intersemiotic translations to the tale, some of which are attractions in Disney theme parks and various retail products sold by the Disney Store. Such an expansion characterizes Disney as an expansionist company which makes of use of a portfolio of brands and media to differentiate content in order to develop creative, innovative and profitable entertainment experiences and related products. The translations to Snow White made by the Disney Company allow the audience to interact with the characters and universe of the movie in a deeper way and, moreover, they increase the niches of consumers who may appreciate the story. An academic study about such intersemiotic translations may help us comprehend in which ways the audience, in general, interacts with fairy tales nowadays. In order to do so, the following dissertation proposes a dialogue between literature, movies and communication, and presents an analytical thinking process which starts with a literary analysis of the Grimm s tale, reflects upon the concept of intersemiotic translation and then focuses on some of the translations to Snow White devised by Disney. / Aproximadamente cem anos após sua primeira publicação em Contos de Fadas para Crianças e Adultos, de Jacob e Wilhelm Grimm, o conto Branca de Neve ganha, em 1937, uma tradução intersemiótica para o cinema produzida pelos estúdios Disney; trata-se da animação Branca de Neve e os Sete Anões, a primeira animação de longa-metragem da história do cinema. O enorme sucesso do filme confere a ele o caráter de uma das versões definitivas do conto original registrado pelos Irmãos Grimm. Além disso, a versão Disney acaba por influenciar inúmeras produções posteriores a ela. A partir de Branca de Neve e os Sete Anões, a empresa Disney lança novas traduções intersemióticas para a narrativa, como atrações em parques temáticos, jogos interativos, uma linha de produtos diversos e serviços de planejamento de eventos. Tal prática vai de acordo com a mentalidade expansionista dessa empresa que almeja o desenvolvimento de produtos e meios de entretenimento criativos e rentáveis a partir da diferenciação de conteúdos e de marcas em uma variedade de mídias. As traduções intersemióticas de Branca de Neve propostas pelas Disney proporcionam ao público maior poder de interação com as personagens e com o universo da narrativa e, além disso, podem ocasionar um aumento de nichos de consumidores da história. Um estudo acadêmico sobre tais traduções pode nos levar a compreender de que maneira o público, de modo geral, relaciona-se com os contos na atualidade. Para tanto, o presente trabalho propõe um diálogo entre literatura, cinema e comunicação, e apresenta um percurso analítico que parte da análise literária do conto dos Grimm, avança para reflexões acerca do conceito de tradução intersemiótica e, finalmente, debruça-se sobre algumas das traduções de Branca de Neve compostas pela Disney.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:39:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3230081 bytes, checksum: d0b2e63f64a8a18ba60d064a0b52363d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Aiming to study the character category and its manifestation on three different media, the following work analyzes the Snow White character and its representation in literature, films and comic books. The corpus used in this paper were: the short story Snow White and the seven dwarfs, by Wilhelm and Jacob Grimm; the homonym 1937 animated movie produced by Walt Disney Studios; and the first volume of the miniseries One thousand and one nights of snowfall, a spin-off of the monthly issue Fables, by Bill Willingham. In the first three chapters, this paper presents considerations regarding each individual work, taking into account the specifics of their respective languages, also pointing out the differences between them. For that purpose, we use both the focalization (as defined by Gerrard Genéte) and mise en scène (as per Bordwell and Thompson, 1997) categories. The forth chapter is a direct comparison among the character in its three different versions, analyzing it as adaptation (Linda Hutcheon, 2006) and using as the major analysis criteria the female representation, taking into account production contexts, as appointed by Marina Warner (1999). / Objetivando estudar a categoria personagem e sua manifestação em três diferentes mídias, este trabalho analisa Branca de Neve e sua construção na literatura, no cinema, e nas histórias em quadrinhos. O corpus utilizado foi o conto Branca de Neve e os sete anões, assinado pelos irmãos Wilhelm e Jacob Grimm; a animação de 1937, produzida pelos estúdios Disney, homônima; e o primeiro volume da minissérie As mil e uma noites, derivada da revista mensal Fábulas, de Bill Willingham. Nos três primeiros capítulos, o trabalho tece considerações a respeito de cada obra individualmente, levando em conta especificidades da linguagem de cada texto, bem como apontando as diferenças entre eles. Para tanto, parte das categorias focalização, conforme definida por Gerrard Genéte (s.d.), e mise-en-scène, como abordada por Bordwell e Thompson (1997). No quarto capítulo, faz uma comparação direta da personagem nas três versões, analisando-a como adaptação, conforme orientado por Linda Hutcheon (2006), e utiliza, como principal critério de análise, a representação feminina, levando em conta contextos de produção, conforme apontado por Marina Warner (1999).

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This thesis introduces two author's fairy tale musicals called Snow White and Cinderella. These musicals are intended for the early and late school-aged children. To understand the broader context and to provide for more information about this particular genre, the theoretical part discusses how musicals as a musical genre was created and then, it discusses its development, changes, forms and main features. It provides the information about the development of musicals in both the Czech Republic and abroad. Then, it elaborates on the professional musicals production for children (being the performers), again both abroad and in the Czech Republic. This is then followed by a practical part that introduces the two pieces mentioned above. It presents the information about their creation, realisation and motivation. In addition, it presents a critical analysis of their appropriateness for the child performers in light of their musical skills, abilities and the specifics of this age group while focusing on the music components of these pieces, such as melodic and harmonic aspects of the musicals, any key issues and issues of the transition from one key to another, rhythm, tempo changes and any challenges given by the dramatic expression and ability to speak other languages. The analysis was performed...