Notre thèse de doctorat propose une analyse d’inspiration freudienne des œuvres romanesques du marquis de Sade. Elle relève, plus précisément, de la psychobiographie en ce qu’elle privilégie l’analyse des conflits des écrivains avec leurs parents, et les traumatismes psychiques subséquents. L’œuvre et l’écriture de Sade sont les résultats de nombreux facteurs : enfance multi-pathogène, personnalité borderline multi-pathologique (perverse et psychopathique), multi-récidiviste, incarcérations ou internements dans des asiles. Parmi tous ces paramètres psycho-socio-pathologiques, la prison est celui qui a aggravé, sous la forme d’une psychose carcérale réactionnelle, ses tendances morbides et la violence de son écriture. Se sentant menacé par une évolution de sa personnalité vers une psychose structurelle, Sade tente de prendre ses distances, en les rendant absurdes, avec les représentations pulsionnelles délirantes qu’il obtient grâce à ses rêves et à ses rêveries. C’est à ce moment-là qu’interviennent les procédés cathartiques et thérapeutiques de l’humour et/ou du comique pervers. Grâce à ces procédés symboliques, qu’il a mis au point dans sa correspondance avec sa femme et avec « Milly », l’une de ses amies, Sade se met en scène, lui et ses objets sexuels, dans des fantasmatiques pré-œdipiennes. Plus les décalages avec l’esthétique des réalités sexuelles œdipiennes (ou génitales) sont importants, plus l’humour pervers peut surgir. Grâce à l’humour pervers, Sade peut mimer une victoire narcissique illusoire. L’humour pervers facilite l’assassinat psychique, affectif et moral des lecteurs. Nous avons terminé notre étude en proposant l’analyse d’une forme extrême d’humour pervers, l’humour pervers nécrophile. / Our doctoral thesis suggests a Freudian analysis of Marquis de Sade novels. Our analysis is more precisely a work of psychobiography, which favours writers’ conflicts with their parents, and the subsequent psychological traumas. Sade novels and writing are the results of many parameters : a multi-pathogen childhood, a multi-pathological borderline personality (psychopathic and perverse), being a multi-recidivist, imprisonment or internment in asylums. Among all those psycho-socio-pathological parameters, prison, is the one that worsened his morbid tendencies and the violence of his writing, thus creating a prison psychosis. Threatened by the development of his personality towards a structural psychosis, Sade attempts to distance himself from those parameters, making them absurd, crazy instinctual representations coming from his dreams and reveries. The cathartic and therapeutic methods of humour and/or perverse comic played a part at that very moment. Owing to these symbolic methods he has developed in his correspondence with his wife and with « Milly », one of his friends, Sade stages himself and his sexual objects in pre-Oedipal fantasies. The stranger the aesthetics of Oedipal (or genital) sexuality are, the funnier it becomes. By means of perverse humour, Sade manages to mimic an illusory narcissistic victory. The perverse humour facilitates the psychic, emotional and moral murders of his readers. We completed our study by providing an analysis of an extreme form of perverse humour, necrophiliac perverse humour.

In the post-1990 round of redistricting a number of majority-African American legislative districts were created, especially in the South. The new majority-African American districts were created by “pulling” many of the African Americans from surrounding districts into a single district, leaving the adjacent districts with a higher percentage of whites. These adjacent districts are often referred to as “bleached” districts. As the number of African Americans elected in the new majority-African American districts increased, so did the number of Republicans. This is referred to as the “perverse effect thesis.” This thesis has been widely acclaimed, but scholars have found minimal support for the thesis. There is an alternative explanation for the Republican growth. This explanation attributes it to the fact that, regardless of their distance from majority-African American districts; more southern whites are voting for Republican candidates. Generally, when scholars examine the perverse effect thesis, they have examined the twelve new southern majority-African American United States House of Representative districts that were created after the 1990 census. This study deviates from the prior studies that examine the perverse effect thesis. This study seeks to determine how many of the Republican gains in southern state lower chambers are attributable to the new majority-African American districts in these chambers from 1988 to 2004. It examines both the perverse effect thesis and the alternative hypothesis. Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi were used in this study. These states were used because they are part of the Deep South, and they are protected by Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act. Deep Southern states have a larger African American population compared to the Rim states. This study found evidence supporting both the perverse effect thesis and the alternative hypothesis.

This thesis concerns the use of perverse sheaves with coefficients in commutative rings and in particular, fields of positive characteristic, in the study of modular representation theory. We begin by giving a new geometric interpretation of classical connections between the representation theory of the general linear groups and symmetric groups. We then survey work, joint with D. Juteau and G. Williamson, in which we construct a class of objects, called parity sheaves. These objects share many properties with the intersection cohomology complexes in characteristic zero, including a decomposition theorem and a close relation to representation theory. The final part of this document consists of two computations of IC stalks in the nilpotent cones of sl₃and sl₄. These computations build upon our calculations in sections 3.5 and 3.6 of (31), but utilize slightly more sophisticated techniques and allow us to compute the stalks in the remaining characteristics. / text

A presente dissertação visa fazer um recorte sobre a constituição do sujeito a partir do masoquismo erógeno e os seus desdobramentos. A afirmativa de Freud em 1923 que seria a partir do masoquismo erógeno que poderíamos ter o testemunho do momento mítico da fusão entre pulsão de vida e pulsão de morte, revela uma articulação importante entre o masoquismo e a constituição do sujeito. O masoquismo passa ser uma fonte privilegiada para compreender aquilo que temos de mais arcaico na vida psíquica. A metodologia utilizada nesse estudo foi uma pesquisa bibliográfica histórica conceitual da obra freudiana. A releitura que Lacan promove sobre os escritos de Freud serviram para auxiliar em um aprofundamento sobre o tema em questão. Apesar do masoquismo erógeno ser um conceito introduzido apenas após a descoberta do conceito de pulsão de morte em 1920, partiremos do início da elaboração da teoria pulsional de Freud em 1905. Isto porque esse estudo, ao investigar o percurso freudiano demonstrou que os conceitos na psicanálise são conceitos construídos através da experiência clínica e que, portanto, surgem com enigmas que com tempo vão assumindo um contorno teórico mais elaborado. Desde os Três ensaios sobre a teoria da sexualidade (1902/2006c), ao conceituar sobre o masoquismo, Freud aponta para enigmas que apenas em 1920 puderam ser mais elucidados. Os conceitos de sexualidade perverso-polimorfa, pulsão sado-masoquista e fantasia masoquista contribuíram para pensarmos em um alargamento da noção de masoquismo possibilitando a flexibilização desse termo para além de uma visão moralista que ao classificar como uma perversão sexual busca a sua patologização / The main objective of this dissertation is to rethink how the subjects constitute themselves through the concept of erogenous masochism. Freudian statement (1923) that the erogenous masochism was a witness of the early moments where there was a fusion between life drive and the death drive reveals the straight bond between the notion of masochism and emergency of the subjects in the psychoanalytical theory. Therefore, masochism is a privileged source for the understanding of ancient aspects of mental life onset. The methodology used through this research was a conceptual-historic bibliographic investigation of the complete works of Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalyses. Lacans interpretation of the Freudians writings contributes to this discussion. This research starts at 1905 with the Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality, even though Freud only mentions erogenous masochism after he elaborates the notion of the existence of a death drive. The importance of showing the whole process in which Freud would build the psychoanalytical concepts is to demonstrate that they were forged through the psychoanalytical practice, and that at the beginning it presents itself as an enigma and with time it acquires more consistence. Since Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality, Freud raised important questions about masochism that were only better understood after 1920. Concepts such as perverse polymorph sexuality, sadomasochism and Fantasy help to acknowledge an enlargement of this notion in the psychoanalyses theory. Hence, allowing a new understanding in the concept of masochism other then the moralist version that sees it as pathology.

A presente dissertação visa fazer um recorte sobre a constituição do sujeito a partir do masoquismo erógeno e os seus desdobramentos. A afirmativa de Freud em 1923 que seria a partir do masoquismo erógeno que poderíamos ter o testemunho do momento mítico da fusão entre pulsão de vida e pulsão de morte, revela uma articulação importante entre o masoquismo e a constituição do sujeito. O masoquismo passa ser uma fonte privilegiada para compreender aquilo que temos de mais arcaico na vida psíquica. A metodologia utilizada nesse estudo foi uma pesquisa bibliográfica histórica conceitual da obra freudiana. A releitura que Lacan promove sobre os escritos de Freud serviram para auxiliar em um aprofundamento sobre o tema em questão. Apesar do masoquismo erógeno ser um conceito introduzido apenas após a descoberta do conceito de pulsão de morte em 1920, partiremos do início da elaboração da teoria pulsional de Freud em 1905. Isto porque esse estudo, ao investigar o percurso freudiano demonstrou que os conceitos na psicanálise são conceitos construídos através da experiência clínica e que, portanto, surgem com enigmas que com tempo vão assumindo um contorno teórico mais elaborado. Desde os Três ensaios sobre a teoria da sexualidade (1902/2006c), ao conceituar sobre o masoquismo, Freud aponta para enigmas que apenas em 1920 puderam ser mais elucidados. Os conceitos de sexualidade perverso-polimorfa, pulsão sado-masoquista e fantasia masoquista contribuíram para pensarmos em um alargamento da noção de masoquismo possibilitando a flexibilização desse termo para além de uma visão moralista que ao classificar como uma perversão sexual busca a sua patologização / The main objective of this dissertation is to rethink how the subjects constitute themselves through the concept of erogenous masochism. Freudian statement (1923) that the erogenous masochism was a witness of the early moments where there was a fusion between life drive and the death drive reveals the straight bond between the notion of masochism and emergency of the subjects in the psychoanalytical theory. Therefore, masochism is a privileged source for the understanding of ancient aspects of mental life onset. The methodology used through this research was a conceptual-historic bibliographic investigation of the complete works of Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalyses. Lacans interpretation of the Freudians writings contributes to this discussion. This research starts at 1905 with the Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality, even though Freud only mentions erogenous masochism after he elaborates the notion of the existence of a death drive. The importance of showing the whole process in which Freud would build the psychoanalytical concepts is to demonstrate that they were forged through the psychoanalytical practice, and that at the beginning it presents itself as an enigma and with time it acquires more consistence. Since Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality, Freud raised important questions about masochism that were only better understood after 1920. Concepts such as perverse polymorph sexuality, sadomasochism and Fantasy help to acknowledge an enlargement of this notion in the psychoanalyses theory. Hence, allowing a new understanding in the concept of masochism other then the moralist version that sees it as pathology.

Dans une société où le virtuel est omniprésent quotidiennement, cette recherche s’intéresseaux implications de son utilisation sur la psyché du sujet. Nous questionnons les défensespsychiques individuelles qui peuvent être identifiées dans l’utilisation des réseaux sociaux surInternet (Facebook), mais aussi les organisations groupales provoquées par les publications dusujet. Nous posons 3 hypothèses. En premier lieu, nous n’observons pas de structure depersonnalité spécifique au sujet utilisateur de réseau social sur Internet. Par ailleurs, nouspensons que l’investissement de relations en miroir, permet au sujet de s’approcher d’un MoiIdéal, dans un contexte de toute-puissance, tentant ainsi de combler des blessuresnarcissiques. Enfin, ces relations en miroir seront à la base des mouvements de groupe, etcontribueront à la construction de la foule virtuelle. A travers l’analyse des entretiens semistructurés,du test de Rorschach et du profil Facebook (analyse des contenus) de 14 sujets,nous avons confronté leur vision consciente et tenté de comprendre celle inconsciente de leurutilisation de ce média. Les résultats révèlent un mécanisme de résonance en miroir fort lorsde la constitution de la foule virtuelle. Puis, la résonance fantasmatique organise cette toilequi prend place dans l’inconscient du sujet en termes de groupe interne. Le sujet exhibe desparts idéalisées de soi, poussé par un fantasme pervers qu’il partage avec les membres de safoule virtuelle qu’il a lui-même constituée. Il en est ainsi le leader. Le voyeurisme lui permetde s’assurer du partage d’idéaux communs et unifie ainsi la foule virtuelle. L’effet dedésinhibition et les barrières levées des différences intergénérationnelles alimentent l’euphoriegroupale, signe d’une Illusion groupale, que les sujets s’attachent à maintenir, évitant ainsi ledégroupement psychique. / In a society where the virtual is constantly present in our everyday life, this research is dealingwith the effect of its use on one’s psyche. The individual defense mechanisms which can beidentified in the use of the social networks, e.g., Facebook, as well as the groups’organizations due to one’s posts, are questioned. Three hypotheses are settled. First, there isno specific personality structure identified within the social network’s users. Second, beingall-powerful on his social network’s profile, the individual can get closer to an ideal egothanks to mirror relationships. This process enables the individual to fill his narcissisticweaknesses. Third, these mirror relationships will be at the base of the group movement andwill contribute to the virtual crowd’s creation. We analyze the semi-structured interviews, theRorschach and the Facebook profiles (analysis done by the software WeftQDA) of 14individuals. Their conscious visions are confronted to their unconscious use of the socialnetwork. The results put into relief a mechanism of a strong mirror resonance during the setupof the virtual crowd. Then, the resonance of phantasms organizes this web which takesplace in the individual’s unconscious as an internal group. The individual, pushed by aperverse phantasm, shows up idealized parts of himself on his Facebook profile. These areshared with the members of his virtual crowd, built by himself. The person is in this way theleader. Their voyeurism enables them to share common ideals and hence, unifies the virtualcrowd. The absence of inhibition and generation gap causes euphoria in the group. This is thesign of a group Illusion. In their willingness to maintain it, the individuals avoid the group’spsychic separation.

In 1976, Springer defined a correspondence making a link between the irreducible ordinary (characteristic zero) representations of a Weyl group and the geometry of the associated nilpotent variety. In this thesis, we define a modular Springer correspondence (in positive characteristic), and we show that the decomposition numbers of a Weyl group (for example the symmetric group) are particular cases of decomposition numbers for equivariant perverse sheaves on the nilpotent variety. We calculate explicitly the decomposition numbers associated to the regular and subregular classes, and to the minimal and trivial classes. We determine the correspondence explicitly in the case of the symmetric group, and show that James's row and column removal rule is a consequence of a smooth equivalence of nilpotent singularities obtained by Kraft and Procesi. The first chapter contains generalities about perverse sheaves with Z_l and F_l coefficients.

Two key themes of this special issue are: how violence challenges democracy and how democratic politics might, over time, diminish violence. This paper explores how violence(s) embedded in Latin America's state formation process are multiplied rather than diminished through democratization, generating a securitizing logic which fundamentally distorts democratic principles. Known for its high levels of historic violence(s), Latin America today is second only to Southern Africa in levels of homicide in the world. Some see contemporary violence in the region as a rupture from the past: ‘new violence’ characterized by its urban and social nature in contrast to the rural and political nature of the past. Violence, however, has a reproductive quality, by which it is transmitted through space as well as time. This article argues that rather than reflecting a rupture with the past, violence in Latin America has merely accelerated its complex reproduction in many forms across (gendered) spaces of socialization. The paradox is that the proliferation of this violence has occurred alongside democratic transitions. Although the state is not directly responsible for all the violence which is taking place, this article argues that in many countries it is the very trajectory of the state-formation process which has facilitated this rapid reproduction of violence. I call this process ‘perverse’. Democracy is increasingly subject to the fears and insecurities of the population, enabling the state to build its authority not on the protection of citizens' rights, but on its armed encounters and insidious collusions with violent actors in the name of ‘security provision’. Categories of people become non-citizens, subjected to abuse by state, para-state and non-state violent actors. If this process continues, democracy will ultimately be securitized.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:31:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Naiara Roberta Vicente de Matos.pdf: 616830 bytes, checksum: b2525eb877dec6b9920f61fea3acfd42 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research aims to analyze, based on the Social Historical Psychology, the subjective dimension of the dialectic process concern on inclusion/exclusion at work (with and without support) from people with intellectual deficiency as a way to reflect about professional education and supported work proposal. It is about to locate how the people with deficiency are situated historically, trying to understand which are the mediations and comprehend how is subjective lived the Cotes Law in the life of those people, and how this law work to orient the formation practices and job preparation that are offer to them. To do that, we will use the concepts of ethical-politic suffering, sense and meaning, social stigma, identity and preconception to analyze the living of looking for a job, and to became a worker with proper job preparation according to the conditions offers in the Cote, having as a background the social-historical condition unfavorable to inclusion to those people and the preparation project to the work that is given to them. The investigation method is based on Vygotsky s work that consider action, work and affect as in dissociable units of subjectivity, with the support of Spinoza philosophy and Marx s theory of society. The results pointed out a lag between juridical and social recognize, through the absence of social stigma, by preconception, by identity models presupposed, abandon and loneness, social conditions lived with sad felling, such as fear, humiliation, angry compromising the action potency of those people. The sense of work is ambiguous: it is only way to get self-esteem and recognition, (moreover than acquire deeds), however it is also fountain of sad passions, especially the constant fear of making a mistake, which will cost their job. It clams for work preparation and affective support, which those people encounter in their labor professor that accomplish them for a while, and to whom they send letters, expressing their feelings and needs. It is pointed out the importance of ―supported employment‖, where the professional act as a mediator to the effective of cotes law, at the development of abilities and as a affective reference / Esta pesquisa visa analisar na perspectiva da psicologia sócio-histórica a dimensão subjetiva do processo dialético de inclusão/exclusão no trabalho (com e sem apoio) das pessoas com deficiência intelectual para refletir sobre a educação profissional e a proposta de Emprego Apoiado. Trata-se de situar historicamente as pessoas com deficiência, buscando entender quais são as mediações presentes e compreendermos como é vivida subjetivamente a Lei de Cotas na vida dessas pessoas para orientar as práticas de formação e preparação ao trabalho que lhes são oferecidas. Para tanto, recorre aos conceitos de sofrimento ético-político, sentido e significado, estima social, identidade e preconceito para analisar a vivencia da busca por um trabalho, e de se tornar trabalhador nas condições de trabalho oferecidas pela Cota, tendo como pano de fundo a condição sócio-histórica desfavorável à inclusão oferecidas a esses sujeitos e os projetos de preparação para o trabalho que lhes são oferecidos. O método de investigação utilizado está embasado na concepção vygotskiana que considera ação, trabalho e afeto como unidades indissociáveis da subjetividade, amparada na filosofia de Espinosa e na teoria marxista de sociedade. Os resultados obtidos atestam a defasagem entre reconhecimento jurídico e social, pela ausência de estima social, pelo preconceito, pelos modelos de identidade pressupostas, desamparo e solidão a que são relegados, condição social vivida como sentimentos tristes de medo, humilhação, raiva comprometendo a potência de ação desses sujeitos O sentido de trabalho é ambíguo: ele é a única possibilidade de estima e reconhecimento, mais do que a possibilidade de adquirir bens, mas é também fonte de paixões tristes, especialmente o medo constante de errar e, assim perder o emprego. Clamam por preparação ao trabalho e apoio afetivo que eles encontraram no preparador laboral que os acompanhou por um tempo, ao qual enviaram cartas expressando seus sentimentos e necessidades. Ressalta-se a importância do ―Emprego Apoiado‖, onde o profissional desempenha o papel de mediador do cumprimento efetivo da lei de cotas, no plano de desenvolvimento de habilidades e da referência afetiva

Dans cette thèse nous nous intéressons aux singularités d'espaces analytiques complexes définis comme le lieu des zéros d'un morphisme sans pente. Nous étudions dans un premier temps les cycles proches et les cycles évanescents associés à un tel morphisme. Dans un deuxième temps nous cherchons à comprendre la théorie de Hodge des morphismes sans pente.La première partie de cette thèse est consacrée à apporter des compléments au travail de P. Maisonobe sur les morphismes sans pente. Nous commençons par construire un morphisme de comparaison entre cycles proches algébriques (pour les $mathscr{D}$-modules) et cycles proches topologiques (pour les faisceaux pervers). Nous montrons ensuite que ce morphisme est un isomorphisme dans le cas d'un morphisme sans pente. Enfin nous construisons un foncteur cycles évanescents topologiques pour un morphisme sans pente et nous démontrons que ce foncteur et le foncteur cycles proches topologiques de P. Maisonobe se placent dans le diagramme de triangles exacts attendu.Dans la seconde partie de cette thèse nous étudions les morphismes sans pente pour les modules de Hodge mixtes. Nous démontrons dans un premier temps la commutativité des cycles proches et des cycles évanescents itérés appliqués à un module de Hodge mixte dans le cas d'un morphisme sans pente. Dans un deuxième temps nous définissons la notion << strictement sans pente >> pour un module de Hodge mixte et nous démontrons sa stabilité par image directe propre. Nous démontrons comme application la compatibilité de la filtration de Hodge et des filtrations de Kashiwara-Malgrange pour certains modules de Hodge purs supportés sur une hypersurface à singularités quasi-ordinaires. / In this thesis we are interested in singularities of complex varieties defined as the zero locus of a morphism without slope. In a first time we study nearby cycles and vanishing cycles associated to such morphisms. In a second time we want to understand Hodge theory of morphisms without slope.The first part of this thesis is devoted to add some complements to the work of P. Maisonobe on morphisms without slope. We start with the construction of a comparison morphism between algebraic nearby cycles (for $mathscr{D}$-modules) and topological nearby cycles (for perverse sheaves). Then we show that this morphism is an isomorphism in the case of a morphism without slope. Finally we construct a topological vanishing cycles functor for a morphism without slope et we prove that this functor and the topological nearby cycles functor of P. Maisonobe fit into the expected diagram of exact triangles.In the second part of the thesis we study morphisms without slope for mixed Hodge modules. We first show the commutativity of iterated nearby cycles and vanishing cycles applied to a mixed Hodge module in the case of a morphism without slope. Second we define the notion "strictly without slope" for a mixed Hodge module and we show that it is preserved by proper direct image. As an application we prove the compatibility of the Hodge filtration and Kashiwara-Malgrange filtrations for some pure Hodge modules with support an hypersurface with quasi-ordinary singularities.