Abstract: The main purpose of this academic work is to study how Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is incorporated in companies in pharmaceutical industry, with emphasis on the interaction between the enterprise and the community. The goal is to understand what benefits may this collaboration bring in the long-term. In order to fulfil these objectives, a study case was built based on GlaxoSmithKline Plc., which has been using these practices and has a valuable impact in the countries it is present in. The study insists on the necessity of seeing CSR as a part of any successful business strategy involving all members of the value chain. Patient is the one who benefits the most from CSR activities in pharmaceutical industry, and patient is the one who pays and talks.

New drug epidemics often unleash punitive campaigns to end them- highlighted by the 1980’s drug wars. However, the opioid crisis has been met with public-health driven policies, like clean needle programs and community-based substance abuse therapy. This thesis asks why policy responses to the opioid crisis are so different than those of the War on Drugs. First, as the cost of the drug war became clearer, policy makers across the political spectrum became less inclined to wage a new punitive war against opioids, especially as public-health responses proved to be more effective while also less costly. Second, the demographics of those addicted to opioids is different than those who were addicted to crack cocaine. The brunt of War on Drugs policies was felt by those in the lowest socioeconomic brackets and perpetuated poverty in low-income communities. Today’s softer approaches have been informed by a greater percentage of middle- to upper-class individuals affected by the opioid crisis. Third, as opioids have legitimate medical purposes, they are harder to demonize or ban, rendering it more difficult to declare total war against them. Further, the influence opioid manufacturers have has made policy makers less inclined to declare war, taking supply-side action. Public-health driven policies and policies that minimize supply-side action against pharmaceutical opioid manufacturers are duplicate representations of the United States’ departure from War on Drug tactics. As long as the “medical model” of health care, which emphasizes drugs, medical treatment, and surgery is ingrained in society and the economy, these patterns will continue.

<p>Background: Tougher demands from regulators on drugs efficiency and safety,governmental cost cutting and more complex areas of research, has led to that the importance of the pharmaceutical industry’s research pipelines are increasing. Even though the capital markets views on the pharmaceutical industry and its valuation is changing, the authors is not aware of any prior research that has been conducted on the topic of how the market reacts to clinical trial results or how security analysts valuates product pipelines.</p><p>Aim: This thesis aims to explain how security analysts valuate research pipelines and analyze whether the publication of clinical trial results significantly affects the pricing of multinational pharmaceutical companies.</p><p>Methodology: Three econometric models using an aggregate daily data sample of 27 years for five of the world’s largest pharmaceutical firms distinguish the price effects related to the publication of clinical trial results. Three interviews with security analysts map how security analysts value pharmaceutical research.</p><p>Results: Security analysts’ uses a combination of DCF and relative valuation when analyzing pharmaceutical firms. All interviewed analysts uses a risk adjusted net present value approach which is closely linked to the DCF approach, however, financial theory suggests that pipelines should be valuated with contingent claim models Analysts recognize that all compounds in Phase III and some Phase II projects has a impact on firm value. Clinical trials have a significant short-term impact on firm value. Phase III projects shows significant share price influence whilst early stage clinical trials do not, which shows that analysts are correct in focusing their valuation to later stage clinical trials. However, not all areas of therapy have a significant impact on firm value. Oncology is the only area of therapy where successes raises firm value, whilst failures in oncology and cardiovascular/gastrointestinal significantly lower firm value. Negative news about the research portfolio also tends to have a larger impact than positive news.</p>

Background: Tougher demands from regulators on drugs efficiency and safety,governmental cost cutting and more complex areas of research, has led to that the importance of the pharmaceutical industry’s research pipelines are increasing. Even though the capital markets views on the pharmaceutical industry and its valuation is changing, the authors is not aware of any prior research that has been conducted on the topic of how the market reacts to clinical trial results or how security analysts valuates product pipelines. Aim: This thesis aims to explain how security analysts valuate research pipelines and analyze whether the publication of clinical trial results significantly affects the pricing of multinational pharmaceutical companies. Methodology: Three econometric models using an aggregate daily data sample of 27 years for five of the world’s largest pharmaceutical firms distinguish the price effects related to the publication of clinical trial results. Three interviews with security analysts map how security analysts value pharmaceutical research. Results: Security analysts’ uses a combination of DCF and relative valuation when analyzing pharmaceutical firms. All interviewed analysts uses a risk adjusted net present value approach which is closely linked to the DCF approach, however, financial theory suggests that pipelines should be valuated with contingent claim models Analysts recognize that all compounds in Phase III and some Phase II projects has a impact on firm value. Clinical trials have a significant short-term impact on firm value. Phase III projects shows significant share price influence whilst early stage clinical trials do not, which shows that analysts are correct in focusing their valuation to later stage clinical trials. However, not all areas of therapy have a significant impact on firm value. Oncology is the only area of therapy where successes raises firm value, whilst failures in oncology and cardiovascular/gastrointestinal significantly lower firm value. Negative news about the research portfolio also tends to have a larger impact than positive news.

This study employed Kirkpatrick's training evaluation model to better examine the reactions and learning experiences of a group of pharmaceutical industry sales professionals who participated in pandemic-related virtual compliance training in spring 2020. The field of learning technologies has few examples and limited knowledge regarding the evaluation of virtual training in the context of pandemic-related compliance training in the biopharmaceutical sector. This qualitative study employed semi-structured interviews to collect data from industry participants, allowing an examination of their experiences relative to the first three stages of Kirkpatrick's training evaluation framework, namely the reactions of the trainees, the knowledge transferred to the trainees, and the performance as it relates to the trainees' changed behaviors because of their participation in virtually delivered training.

This thesis is focused on adaptation of GEHE Pharma marketing strategy on the Czech wholesaler's market with pharmaceutical products. In the first part the theoretical background needed for the application part of the thesis is summarized. I mention here the possibilities of internationalization, visions and targets of the firms working on the foreign markets and basic analyses needed for acting there. Then I summarize the possibilities of adaptation of the marketing mix mention the specifics of the B2B and the pharmaceutical market. In the following application part GEHE Pharma Company is presented and also her acting on the pharmaceutical market. Then the concrete analyses are made (PEST analysis, SWOT analysis, and Czech pharmaceutical market analysis) and the adaptation of marketing mix of the company was summarized. In the last part of the thesis some suggestions for ameliorations of particular parts of marketing mix are made.

Firm and branch description, horizontal and vertical analysis of statements, financial rules, ratio indicators, Du Pont analysis, working capital, cash turnover, Eva, Altman, IN05, methods of rivals comparison.

The literature on the financing of innovative projects follows two trends: one contemplates that either the prospective fundees or the potential funders use their preferences to choose the other party out of a range of theoretical possibilities; the other refers to project owners or investors that actively look for an “opportunity” and try to talk the other party into entering the funding relationship. These views, however, cannot explain several facts such as: why projects rejected by some funders are accepted by others, why IPOs and markets are not attractive to all players or why that changes over time and across settings, how can State funds support a sector across regions, or how players’ and setting features and time affect funding criteria. A critique of these explanations sees three main shortcomings: lack of balance (i.e.,one party’s initiative prevails), bias (i.e., criteria of the domineering party prevail), and disembeddedness (i.e., milieu factors and changes over time are ignored). We think that an analysis supported by a sectoral approach may contribute to build a more articulate, integral insight about the funding of innovation. The bio-pharmaceutical sector was chosen because it exhibits amazing complexity related to the heterogeneity embodied by a multifaceted network of players (e.g., universities, companies, potential financiers, regulation bodies), to the nature and development path of innovative projects, and to the competitive/collaborative interactions framed in a particular setting. Hence, a qualitative approach based on the case study of the sector is the choice for this study. Case data are collected through semi-structured interviews with thirty participants that have played different roles in organisations of the bio-pharmaceutical sector or are highly experienced VC practitioners. Our findings allow us to propose an enhanced characterisation of innovation financing by showing that: i) Investors’ understanding of a sector is essential for funding decisions and can be updated through networking; ii) Networks facilitate firms-funders contact, coordination among funders, enhancement of financiers’ knowledge about the sector, and venture owners’ knowledge of track record and potential benefits of investors; iii) Interactions involve other actors in different roles and support network-based learning; iv) Funding decisions are impacted by the geographic availability of sources/mechanisms of finance and by their readiness to fund specific venture stages; v) Investors’ specificities matter; vi) Trends of change impact the availability of funding sources/mechanisms since they imply a reorganisation of the relations and interactions among players in the sector. Therefore, we propose a systemic analytic explanation where the strategy of funders (generalist or dedicated), therefore their role in a particular setting, is essentially defined in relation to the structure and dynamics of their knowledge consolidation system; then, we derive a number of implications for firm managers, investors, and policy-makers. Finally, the main limitations of this work and some further questions for future research are stated.

This master thesis was prompted by the overall interest in Digital marketing that has been growing since the last decade. During this pandemic time, we are interested to know about the impact of COVID-19 on pharmaceutical industry. Most of the articles and the reports in the early stage were mainly about the concept of digital marketing, technology, implementation in day-to-day business. Lesser studies have been conducted keeping the pandemic in view. Covid-19 is the most influencing topic today around the world and because of this, digital marketing has become the important marketing strategy for every business to withstand in the market.  We have chosen to work with the pharmaceutical company in an emerging country India to study the impact of Covid-19 on the pharmaceutical industry and how the industry is adapting digital marketing as their marketing strategy. The empirical study is designed as a qualitative method. We had conducted the interview with the employees of the marketing department, used digital marketing concepts from different literature, and applied to our study. We have also explained the selected methodology to answer our research questions.  Our findings from the research have shown that digital marketing is the most effective marketing strategy for almost all businesses during this lockdown. The company we worked is believing that digital marketing has a long-run result. We had discussed about the marketing challenges faced by the pharmaceutical companies during pandemic, challenges of adopting digital transformation, strategies followed by the company to sustain customer loyalty by following the aspects of relationship marketing. Our research also focused to know about the solutions to overcome the challenges faced by the pharmaceutical companies.

Background: Sustainability has become increasingly significant in both contemporary societyand the business landscape. The rise of sustainable supply chain concepts necessitates areassessment of business process management. Central to this shift is the adoption of circulareconomy principles, which play a pivotal role in businesses' pursuit of environmentalsustainability. As companies transition towards a circular economy model, it becomesimperative for manufacturers to reorganize their logistics systems, with reverse logisticsassuming a critical position. Reverse logistics encompasses the process of collecting productsand materials from their usual endpoint in order to extract their value, which would otherwisebe unattainable, or ensure their proper disposal. Purpose: The purpose is to explore drivers of and barriers to the implementation of reverselogistics in the context of the pharmaceutical supply chain. Method: The research uses a qualitative embedded single case study approach. Thirteen semi-structured interviews were conducted, involving representatives from four distinct actors withinthe Belgian pharmaceutical supply chain. Data analysis employs an inductive approach.Additionally, 6 websites and papers are reviewed to complement the knowledge and deepeninsights. The outcome is a framework with theoretical and practical implications. Conclusion: The findings of this study reveal the challenges associated with implementingreverse logistics in the pharmaceutical sector. The results are categorized into drivers andbarriers. Firstly, the drivers identified include education, regulations, resources, economicconsiderations, social responsibility, immediate recalls, bulk systems, charity, and goodcompany image. Conversely, the barriers encompass educational gaps, regulatory constraints,resource limitations, economic considerations, hygiene concerns, and issues related toresponsibility. These findings highlight the complex landscape within which all stakeholdersoperate, underscoring the difficulties they face, particularly within the pharmaceutical industry,in achieving effective reverse logistics implementation.