El objetivo de la presente tesis es determinar la incidencia en la evaluación del impacto financiero que la aplicación de la NIIF 3 Combinación de Negocios tiene en las empresas de venta minoritaria de productos farmacéuticos y artículos de tocador, en Lima, año 2018. Para la investigación se han considerado las directrices dadas por la norma NIIF 3 como, su objetivo y alcance, el reconocimiento y medición de cuentas; además de, la información que se debe revelar en los estados financieros y que permite hacer el cálculo adecuado de los indicadores financieros que proporcione información sobre el impacto o trascendencia que la norma ha tenido en la realidad o situación financiera de la entidad que ha pasado por una transacción de combinación de negocios. La investigación está dividida en cinco capítulos; el Capítulo I corresponde al Marco Teórico relacionado a las variables planteadas y su relación con el sector objeto de estudio por medio de la recopilación de datos, definiciones y opiniones dadas por expertos y/o fuentes directas acerca de la NIIF 3 - variable independiente -; además, del Impacto Financiero - variable dependiente – y, su relación con los estados financieros e indicadores financieros en el sector comercio interno de la Clase CIIU 4772 – “Venta al por menor de productos farmacéuticos y medicinales, cosméticos y artículos de tocador en almacenes especializados”; en el Capítulo II Plan de Investigación se elabora el planteamiento del problema, los objetivos del trabajo y las hipótesis a verificar; para el Capítulo III se plantea la Metodología de Investigación por medio del desarrollo del diseño de la experimentación desde el establecimiento de la población y muestra hasta la delimitación del método adecuado para el estudio de las variables; en el Capítulo IV se lleva a cabo la aplicación del método mixto cuantitativo y cualitativo por medio de las entrevistas y encuestas y la recopilación de las respuestas brindadas que ayudarán a corroborar las hipótesis planteadas así como, la presentación del caso práctico; el capítulo V Análisis de Resultados en donde se efectúa el análisis de los instrumentos y del caso presentado por medio de pruebas estadísticas. Finalmente, se emiten las conclusiones basadas en los resultados estadísticos obtenidos. / The objective of this thesis is to determine the consequence on the evaluation of the financial impact that the application of IFRS 3 Business Combination has on retail companies of pharmaceutical products and toiletries, in Lima, 2018. For the investigation, the guidelines given by IFRS 3 have been considered, such as its objective and scope, the recognition and measurement of accounts; in addition to, the information that must be disclosed in the financial statements and that allows the adequate calculation of financial indicators to provide information on the impact or significance that the rule has had on the reality or financial situation of the entity that has passed through a business combination. The research is divided into five chapters; Chapter I about the Theoretical Framework related to the variables proposed and their relationship with the sector under study through the collection of data, definitions and opinions given by experts and / or direct sources about IFRS 3 - independent variable -; in addition, of the Financial Impact - dependent variable – and, its relation with the financial statements and financial indicators in the internal trade sector of the ISIC Class 4772 – “Retail sale of pharmaceutical and medicinal products, cosmetics and toiletries in specialized stores”; Chapter II Research Plan elaborates the problem statement, the objectives of the work and the hypotheses to verify; Chapter III presents the Research Methodology through the development of the design of the experimentation from the establishment of the population and shows until the definition of the appropriate method for the study of the variables; Chapter IV carries out the application of the mixed quantitative and qualitative method through interviews and surveys and the compilation of the answers provided that will help to corroborate the hypotheses raised as well as the presentation of the practical case; Chapter V Analysis of Results in which the analysis of the instruments and the case presented by means of statistical tests is carried out. Finally, conclusions based on the statistical results obtained. / Tesis

In 2001 the Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health (‘Doha Declaration’), affirmed the right of member states of the World Trade Organisation (‘WTO’) to interpret and implement the TRIPS Agreement as supportive of the protection of public health and, in particular, access to medicines. While initially well-received, consternation soon arose over the interpretation of a specific paragraph in the Doha Declaration dealing with compulsory licensing. After a further two years of deliberation, the WTO Decision on the Interpretation of Paragraph 6 (‘Paragraph-6 Decision’) was announced in August 2003 specifying when countries can import drugs produced elsewhere under compulsory licence. With one third of the world's population is still denied access to essential medicines - a figure which rises to over 50 per cent in Asia and Africa - the problems facing the public health community are two-fold. The first is the capacity of developing countries (‘DCs’) actually to use the flexibilities afforded under the TRIPS Agreement, the Doha Declaration, and the Paragraph- 6 Decision amid stark inequalities in health resources and the world trading system as a whole. These include provisions for compulsory licensing, parallel importation, and addressing imbalances in research and development (‘R&D’). The pending ratification of the Paragraph-6 Decision, from an interim solution to a permanent amendment, is accompanied by considerable uncertainty: will the protections be accessible under the system currently proposed? The second problem concerns the undermining of the above hard-won flexibilities by provisions adopted under various bilateral and regional trade agreements. Known as ‘TRIPS-plus’- or ‘WTO-plus’- measures, the level of intellectual property rights (‘IPRs’) rights protection being negotiated and even adopted under other trade agreements are more restrictive as regards public health protection. These two sources of concern have led to an increase in rather than a lessening of tensions between the public health and trade policy communities. The thesis opens with a brief analysis of the interplay between patents and medicines. This includes an overview of the human rights framework and the right of access to medicines as a manifestation of human rights. The historical development of the TRIPS Agreement, its legitimacy, and the effect of the introduction of patents for pharmaceuticals are critically analysed. The terms of the Doha Declaration as it relates to public health, the Paragraph-6 Decision and its system, the December 2005 Amendment, and the progress made to date on the public health protections available under the TRIPS Agreement are reviewed and discussed in detail. The thesis describes how, despite these important clarifications, concerns as to the capacity of DCs to implement specific measures persist. This thesis further addresses the development of compulsory licensing in India and South Africa, and the legal framework for compulsory licensing in these countries. The role of competition law and constraints faced by DCs in implementing the flexibilities offered by the TRIPS Agreement and Doha Declaration are considered before turning to the threat posed by TRIPS-plus measures and calls for their critical reassessment. The thesis considers the role of the Intergovernmental Working Group on Public Health, Innovation and Intellectual Property (IGWG), the WHO Commission on IPRs, Innovation and Public Health (CIPIH), Patent Pools, and international and multilateral donors in access to medicines. The thesis concludes by reviewing potential ways forward to ensure that access to medicines by the poor living in DCs is secured in all trade agreements. / Mercantile Law / LL.D.

In 2001 the Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health (‘Doha Declaration’), affirmed the right of member states of the World Trade Organisation (‘WTO’) to interpret and implement the TRIPS Agreement as supportive of the protection of public health and, in particular, access to medicines. While initially well-received, consternation soon arose over the interpretation of a specific paragraph in the Doha Declaration dealing with compulsory licensing. After a further two years of deliberation, the WTO Decision on the Interpretation of Paragraph 6 (‘Paragraph-6 Decision’) was announced in August 2003 specifying when countries can import drugs produced elsewhere under compulsory licence. With one third of the world's population is still denied access to essential medicines - a figure which rises to over 50 per cent in Asia and Africa - the problems facing the public health community are two-fold. The first is the capacity of developing countries (‘DCs’) actually to use the flexibilities afforded under the TRIPS Agreement, the Doha Declaration, and the Paragraph- 6 Decision amid stark inequalities in health resources and the world trading system as a whole. These include provisions for compulsory licensing, parallel importation, and addressing imbalances in research and development (‘R&D’). The pending ratification of the Paragraph-6 Decision, from an interim solution to a permanent amendment, is accompanied by considerable uncertainty: will the protections be accessible under the system currently proposed? The second problem concerns the undermining of the above hard-won flexibilities by provisions adopted under various bilateral and regional trade agreements. Known as ‘TRIPS-plus’- or ‘WTO-plus’- measures, the level of intellectual property rights (‘IPRs’) rights protection being negotiated and even adopted under other trade agreements are more restrictive as regards public health protection. These two sources of concern have led to an increase in rather than a lessening of tensions between the public health and trade policy communities. The thesis opens with a brief analysis of the interplay between patents and medicines. This includes an overview of the human rights framework and the right of access to medicines as a manifestation of human rights. The historical development of the TRIPS Agreement, its legitimacy, and the effect of the introduction of patents for pharmaceuticals are critically analysed. The terms of the Doha Declaration as it relates to public health, the Paragraph-6 Decision and its system, the December 2005 Amendment, and the progress made to date on the public health protections available under the TRIPS Agreement are reviewed and discussed in detail. The thesis describes how, despite these important clarifications, concerns as to the capacity of DCs to implement specific measures persist. This thesis further addresses the development of compulsory licensing in India and South Africa, and the legal framework for compulsory licensing in these countries. The role of competition law and constraints faced by DCs in implementing the flexibilities offered by the TRIPS Agreement and Doha Declaration are considered before turning to the threat posed by TRIPS-plus measures and calls for their critical reassessment. The thesis considers the role of the Intergovernmental Working Group on Public Health, Innovation and Intellectual Property (IGWG), the WHO Commission on IPRs, Innovation and Public Health (CIPIH), Patent Pools, and international and multilateral donors in access to medicines. The thesis concludes by reviewing potential ways forward to ensure that access to medicines by the poor living in DCs is secured in all trade agreements. / Mercantile Law / LL.D.