No description available.

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Johannesburg, 1988

Abstract not available

published_or_final_version / Pharmacology and Pharmacy / Master / Master of Medical Sciences

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 145 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-145). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

No description available.

La production cyclique d'adénosine monophosphate (AMPc) régule certains aspects de la fonction mitochondriale des cardiomyocytes de rongeurs, tels que la production d'ATP, la consommation d'oxygène, les importations de calcium et la transition de perméabilité mitochondriale (MPT), mais le contrôle de ce pool d'AMPc n'est pas bien connu. Dans la première partie de cette thèse, nous avons étudié l'expression, la localisation et l'activité de plusieurs enzymes dégradant l'AMPc, les phosphodiestérases (PDEs), dans des mitochondries cardiaques isolées de rongeurs. L'expression de la PDE2 a été principalement détectée dans les mitochondries sous-sarcologiques, et l'activité de la PDE2 stimulée par le GMPc était plus importante que celle de la PDE3 et de la PDE4; leurs activités ont ensuite été confirmées dans les cardiomyocytes de rats nouveau-nés par analyse FRET en temps réel. De plus, l’inhibition pharmacologique ou la surexpression cardiaque spécifique de la respiration mitochondriale modulée par la PDE2, la perte de potentiel de la membrane mitochondriale, le MPT et l’importation de calcium. Ainsi, la dégradation de l'AMPc par les PDE représente un nouveau mécanisme de régulation de la fonction mitochondriale et devient une cible potentielle dans le traitement des maladies cardiovasculaires.En outre, l'amélioration récente du traitement anticancéreux entraîne une augmentation du nombre de patients survivants, mais un risque de cardiotoxicité à long terme. Ainsi, dans la deuxième partie de cette thèse, nous avons identifié des molécules cardioprotectrices à partir de bibliothèques chimiques en développant un test de criblage à haut débit. Nous avons identifié 6 molécules à effets puissants et spécifiqies et les avons validés dans 3 modèles cellulaires. Nous avons étudié les mécanismes d'action de chaque molécule en utilisant l’extinction par siARN, l'analyse par western blot, l'imagerie par fluorescence et les analyses métaboliques en temps réel. Trois molécules pourraient entrer rapidement dans les études précliniques et cliniques en association avec des agents de radiothérapie ou des agents chimiothérapeutiques pour le développement thérapeutique, tandis que les trois autres molécules pourraient nécessiter une optimisation chimique supplémentaire. / Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production regulates certain aspects of mitochondria function in rodent cardiomyocytes, such as ATP production, oxygen consumption, calcium imports and mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), but how this cAMP pool is controlled is not well known. In the first part of this thesis, we investigated the expression, localization and activity of several cAMP-degrading enzymes, phosphodiesterases (PDEs), in isolated rodent cardiac mitochondria. PDE2 expression was mainly detected in subsarcolemmal mitochondria, and cGMP-stimulated PDE2 activity was largest than PDE3 and PDE4, their activities were further confirmed in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes by real time FRET analysis. Moreover, the pharmacological inhibition or the cardiac-specific overexpression of PDE2 modulated mitochondrial respiration, mitochondrial membrane potential loss, MPT and calcium import. Thus, cAMP degradation by PDEs represents a new regulatory mechanism of mitochondrial function, and becomes a potential target in cardiovascular diseases therapy.In addition, the recent improvement of anticancer treatment results in an increase in surviving patients, but with a risk of long-term cardiotoxicity. Thus, in the second part of this thesis, we identified cardioprotective molecules from chemical libraries by developing a high throughput screening assay. We identified 6 potent and specific hits and validated them in 3 cellular models. We investigated the mechanisms of actions of each molecule and their cellular impact by using siRNA silencing, western-blot analysis, fluorescent imagery and real-time metabolic analyses. Three molecules could enter rapidly in preclinical and clinical studies in combination with radiation or chemotherapeutic agents for therapeutic development, while other three molecules may require further chemical optimization.

"December, 2003" / Bibliography: leaves 153-161. / xii, 191, [20] leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / "The work presented in this thesis demonstrates that the exploitation of subtype-specific PDE inhibitors is a powerful experimental approach to study the oocyte and surrounding cumulus cells in separation, and to investigate the functions of cAMP in the two follicular compartments. The successful use of specific PDE isoenzyme inhibitors will prove important in the development of a clearer and more defined understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of regulating mammalian oocyte maturation." --p. 150. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2004?

Cells of the cardiovascular system translate incoming extracellular signals from hormones and drugs through binding of cell surface receptors, and activation of intracellular signaling cascades allowing modulation of specific cellular function. cAMP and cGMP are ubiquitous second messengers that activate specific signaling machinery used to promote or inhibit cellular functions such as cell migration, cell adhesion and proliferation. Increases in intracellular cAMP or cGMP levels occurs through activation of adenylyl cyclase (cAMP) or guanylyl cyclase (cGMP) or by inhibition of the cAMP and cGMP hydrolyzing enzymes, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Cyclic nucleotides achieve signaling specificity through compartmentation, a mechanism allowing effective regulation of cAMP or cGMP signaling in discrete parts of the cell in a spatial and temporal manner. Cells of the cardiovascular system such as platelets, vascular endothelial cells (VECs), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) maintain cyclic nucleotide compartmentation through coordinating signaling complexes containing a cAMP or cGMP effector protein and PDEs. Studies reported in this thesis demonstrate that human platelets, VECs and VSMCs each contain distinct cyclic nucleotide signaling complexes, and that based on their composition and selective subcellular localization, regulate specific cellular functions. In platelets, subcellular localization of PDE5 results in differential regulation of PDE5 and selective regulation of Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum stores, an initial step in platelet aggregation and provides a potential therapeutic target in preventing thrombosis. VECs utilize multiple signaling systems to regulate cellular function including cAMP signaling pathways and modification of phosphatidylinositols. These studies demonstrate that a PDE3B-based signaling complex allows integration of both cAMP and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-γ (PI3Kγ) signals resulting in increased cell adhesion and cell spreading. Finally, studies in VSMCs demonstrate that PDE5 localization in cells allows cAMP/cGMP cross talk through PDE5 and PDE3A. These results are discussed in the context of further understanding the role of PDEs in mediating cAMP and cGMP signaling and modulation of cell function in cells of the cardiovascular system. / Thesis (Ph.D, Pathology & Molecular Medicine) -- Queen's University, 2011-06-28 13:31:51.428

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2004. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 210-219).