京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第17886号 / 工博第3795号 / 新制||工||1580(附属図書館) / 30706 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科材料工学専攻 / (主査)教授 杉村 博之, 教授 酒井 明, 教授 邑瀬 邦明 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

<p>Background. Platelets (thrombocytes) are the smallest cells in the blood. Platelet fulfils functions as formation of blood clots when bleeding. Low levels leads to bleeding while high levels increase the risk of thrombosis (obstruction of the circulatory flow system). Platelet transfusions may be required for patients with systemic bleeding and for patients at higher risk of bleeding because of coagulation defects, sepsis (presence of bacteria in the bloodstream), or platelet dysfunction related to medication or disease. A pathogen-reduction system for platelet components would be a useful method since it reduces the risk of bacterial, protozoa, viral and white blood cell contamination. The Intercept Blood System method (IBS) for platelets, destroys DNA and RNA and was validated against the routine method in order to reduce pathogen transmission risk during transfusion. The validation of IBS, the trombocyte count for100 buffy coat concentrates from 2007 were compared to values for 100 buffy coat concentrates from 2006 that had been treated with gamma-radiation. Akademiska sjukhuset in Uppsala has a requirement that 75% of the platelet concentrates contain at least 300*10 9 platelets per unit. IBS fulfilled to 94% compared to 98% for the routine method.</p><p>Thus, the IBS-method was well above the required value and is now used at</p><p>Akademiska sjukhuset in Uppsala.</p>

Background. Platelets (thrombocytes) are the smallest cells in the blood. Platelet fulfils functions as formation of blood clots when bleeding. Low levels leads to bleeding while high levels increase the risk of thrombosis (obstruction of the circulatory flow system). Platelet transfusions may be required for patients with systemic bleeding and for patients at higher risk of bleeding because of coagulation defects, sepsis (presence of bacteria in the bloodstream), or platelet dysfunction related to medication or disease. A pathogen-reduction system for platelet components would be a useful method since it reduces the risk of bacterial, protozoa, viral and white blood cell contamination. The Intercept Blood System method (IBS) for platelets, destroys DNA and RNA and was validated against the routine method in order to reduce pathogen transmission risk during transfusion. The validation of IBS, the trombocyte count for100 buffy coat concentrates from 2007 were compared to values for 100 buffy coat concentrates from 2006 that had been treated with gamma-radiation. Akademiska sjukhuset in Uppsala has a requirement that 75% of the platelet concentrates contain at least 300*10 9 platelets per unit. IBS fulfilled to 94% compared to 98% for the routine method. Thus, the IBS-method was well above the required value and is now used at Akademiska sjukhuset in Uppsala.

A racionalização dos recursos hídricos tem sido uma das metas das indústrias em vários setores. Tais metas exigem inovações tecnológicas tanto para novos processos produtivos quanto para novas técnicas de tratamento e reutilização de água na cadeia de produção. Os custos elevados de água industrial no Brasil, particularmente nas regiões metropolitanas, têm estimulado as indústrias nacionais a avaliar as possibilidades de reúso. O objetivo deste trabalho é a aplicação do tratamento de águas de processo contendo polipropileno utilizando radiação ultravioleta e peróxido de hidrogênio, isto é, o sistema UV/H2O2, visando adequá-las para reúso no próprio processo, reduzindo a necessidade de captação de água pré-tratada e de descarte de efluente. A primeira parte do estudo consistiu na realização de experimentos em um sistema fotoquímico de batelada, empregando quatro diferentes correntes efluentes de processo, para a avaliação da viabilidade técnico-econômica do tratamento fotoquímico, bem como para a obtenção de dados referentes à cinética das reações fotoquímicas. Com base nas informações obtidas, na segunda parte do estudo foram realizados experimentos em um sistema fotoquímico contínuo, a fim de obter dados para o aumento de escala para aplicação industrial do processo de tratamento contínuo. Os resultados experimentais indicaram a viabilidade técnica de aplicação do sistema UV/H2O2 utilizando fonte de luz artificial para todas as correntes de processo estudadas, tendo sido alcançados níveis de remoção de matéria orgânica acima de 90%. No entanto, sob o ponto de vista econômico, apenas as correntes com baixo teor de carbono orgânico total dissolvido (COT), entre 6 e 12 mgC L-1, mostraram-se adequadas ao reúso, após o tratamento. / Rationalization of water use has been one of the goals in many industrial activities, and, in particular, in the petrochemical industry. Such goals demand technological innovations in the productive processes and in techniques for treatment and reuse of water in the production chain. The high costs of industrial water, particularly in some metropolitan regions, have stimulated the industries to evaluate the possibilities of water reuse. The objective of this work is to evaluate the feasibility of the UV/H2O2 photochemical process applied to the treatment of process waste water containing polypropylene, aiming at the reuse of the waste water in the as process water in the industrial complex, thus reducing the need for tap water supply and waste water generation rate. The first part of this study consisted of laboratory-scale experiments in a batch photochemical reactor with four different waste water streams to perform the technical and economical feasibility of the photochemical treatment, as well to obtain data on the degradation rate. Based on the results of the first part, the second part of this study consisted of experiments in a continuous photochemical reactor, aimed at obtaining experimental data for reactor scale-up. Experimental results indicate that the UV/H2O2 photodegradation process is able to remove more than 90% of the organic compounds contained in the waste water. However, only waste waters containing relatively low contaminant levels (between 6 and 12 mgC L-1) can be treated at economically favourable costs.

A racionalização dos recursos hídricos tem sido uma das metas das indústrias em vários setores. Tais metas exigem inovações tecnológicas tanto para novos processos produtivos quanto para novas técnicas de tratamento e reutilização de água na cadeia de produção. Os custos elevados de água industrial no Brasil, particularmente nas regiões metropolitanas, têm estimulado as indústrias nacionais a avaliar as possibilidades de reúso. O objetivo deste trabalho é a aplicação do tratamento de águas de processo contendo polipropileno utilizando radiação ultravioleta e peróxido de hidrogênio, isto é, o sistema UV/H2O2, visando adequá-las para reúso no próprio processo, reduzindo a necessidade de captação de água pré-tratada e de descarte de efluente. A primeira parte do estudo consistiu na realização de experimentos em um sistema fotoquímico de batelada, empregando quatro diferentes correntes efluentes de processo, para a avaliação da viabilidade técnico-econômica do tratamento fotoquímico, bem como para a obtenção de dados referentes à cinética das reações fotoquímicas. Com base nas informações obtidas, na segunda parte do estudo foram realizados experimentos em um sistema fotoquímico contínuo, a fim de obter dados para o aumento de escala para aplicação industrial do processo de tratamento contínuo. Os resultados experimentais indicaram a viabilidade técnica de aplicação do sistema UV/H2O2 utilizando fonte de luz artificial para todas as correntes de processo estudadas, tendo sido alcançados níveis de remoção de matéria orgânica acima de 90%. No entanto, sob o ponto de vista econômico, apenas as correntes com baixo teor de carbono orgânico total dissolvido (COT), entre 6 e 12 mgC L-1, mostraram-se adequadas ao reúso, após o tratamento. / Rationalization of water use has been one of the goals in many industrial activities, and, in particular, in the petrochemical industry. Such goals demand technological innovations in the productive processes and in techniques for treatment and reuse of water in the production chain. The high costs of industrial water, particularly in some metropolitan regions, have stimulated the industries to evaluate the possibilities of water reuse. The objective of this work is to evaluate the feasibility of the UV/H2O2 photochemical process applied to the treatment of process waste water containing polypropylene, aiming at the reuse of the waste water in the as process water in the industrial complex, thus reducing the need for tap water supply and waste water generation rate. The first part of this study consisted of laboratory-scale experiments in a batch photochemical reactor with four different waste water streams to perform the technical and economical feasibility of the photochemical treatment, as well to obtain data on the degradation rate. Based on the results of the first part, the second part of this study consisted of experiments in a continuous photochemical reactor, aimed at obtaining experimental data for reactor scale-up. Experimental results indicate that the UV/H2O2 photodegradation process is able to remove more than 90% of the organic compounds contained in the waste water. However, only waste waters containing relatively low contaminant levels (between 6 and 12 mgC L-1) can be treated at economically favourable costs.