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Children's recreational activity and health : a time-motion analysis studyMcLaughlin, Elaine January 2003 (has links)
No description available.
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Comparison of physical activities among Beninese adolescents attending schools in rural, suburban and urban areas.Gouthon, P, Falola, JM, Aremou, M, Dagba, J, Tossou, J, Legba, J, Brisswalter, J, Amusa,LO, Toriola, AL 06 1900 (has links)
The main objective of this study was to compare
the daily physical activities of secondary school
students living in South- West Benin Republic,
depending on whether they live in rural, suburban
or urban areas. An investigation through a written
and self-administered questionnaire was carried
out from April to June 2004 on 678 students
made up of 467 boys and 211 girls, aged 13 to 23
years old, regarding their movement modes,
physical sports practices and other utilitarian
activities. The data were analysed using
descriptive and inferential statistics. The results
showed that the percentages of students who go
on foot or ride bicycles for long distances or a
long time duration, and those who participate in
physical training as well as practice utilitarian
activities on weekly basis respectively, are far
higher for students in the rural locations than for
students in the other two locations, that is,
suburban and urban areas. On the whole the
highest proportion of students who engage in
physical activities consisting of riding bicycles,
traveling on foot, doing physical sports and
utilitarian activities are found among students
living in rural areas, followed by students in
suburban and urban locations. These results are
discusses in terms of their relationships with
atherogenous risk factors.
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Uppfattningar om rörelseaktiviteter i förskolan : En fenomenografisk studieKosatha, Malin, Vähäkuopus, Diana January 2015 (has links)
The purpose of this essay called is to examine how preschool teachers understand planned and spontaneous physical activities in preschool. We also search to elucidate if there is some difference between a preschool with a pedagogical orientation based on outdoor physical activities and a traditional preschool in which outdoor physical activities are not a part of their pedagogical orientation. We want even to examine how teachers understand their own role in children's physical development. The study draws on a phenomenographic approach and we apply a qualitative method to collect our data. The data is mainly based on interviews with preschool teachers from preschools with the two forms of pedagogical orientation that we mentioned earlier. We interviewed a total of six preschool teachers, three from each preschool. The results of the study showed that the informants from both preschools understand planned physical activities as an activity that is initiated and organised by the teachers. On the contrary they understand spontaneous physical activities as an activity initiated by the children, often in the form of games. Another important result is that the informants in our study agree in that spontaneous physical activities are given quite more time in the preschool’s everyday than planned activities. Finally, the study shows that the informants in the study feel confident as leaders in physical activities, regardless of the preschools pedagogical orientation. It is rather a question of education and personal interests than pedagogical focus.
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AMONG MASTER OF SOCIAL WORK STUDENTS, WHAT HAS A HIGHER IMPACT ON LEVELS OF STRESS: SPIRITUALITY, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, OR SELF-COMPASSIONGarcia Avalos, Tania, Murillo, Jose 01 June 2018 (has links)
The main objective of this study was to determine which coping mechanisms have a higher impact on levels of stress in MSW graduate students. The distinctive aspect of this study was that the three primary points that were examined in MSW graduate students were spirituality, physical activity, and self-compassion. This study gathered quantitative data from students that were enrolled in the Master of Social Work program. There were a total of 102 participants in this study. A variety of bivariate analyses were conducted to assess the collected data. Significant outcomes from this study revealed that self-compassion was the best mitigator of stress levels. Spirituality was also found to be helpful in mitigating stress levels. Recommendations included the promotion of self-compassion in MSW graduate programs, along with agencies that provide additional training on self-compassion. Another important recommendation was for future studies to include date from other universities with MSW programs in order to expand and enrich the data.
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“Nzuri!” : The Voices of Tanzanian Children with Disabilities Participating in Physical ActivitiesLindqvist, Gustav January 2014 (has links)
Abstract Children with disabilities are seldom listened to and are rarely able to express their feelings and thoughts on sports and physical activities. Aim The aim of this study is, therefore, to explore the experiences children with disabilities in Tanzania have while participating in physical activities at school. The research questions What types of activities do they participate in? How are the children included in the participation? What health related experiences do these children with disabilities gain through participating in physical activities at school and how are they manifested: socially, physically and psychologically? In the city of Morogoro, Tanzania there are several schools and centers which focus on special needs and many children come from all over the country to receive basic education and health services here. If they are registered at a school or center for rehabilitation they have an opportunity to get involved in physical activity. However, the types of activities often depend on the personnel at the institutions. Therefore, it is a suitable place to study the experiences of children with disabilities and as they participate in physical activity. Method The study included observing the structural aspects of the physical activities and interviewing the children and youth after they have participated in an activity. Results and conclusion The results from the three institutions in Morogoro, Tanzania suggested that these children have an understanding of the social, physical and psychological benefits of physical activity. They particularly stress the social implication i.e.; having friends. The findings also demonstrate that the children enjoy physical activities greatly and would like to do it even a 1000 times. They also claim that they are very good at the activity and their disability does not hinder their ability to participate in their daily routine of physical activity. Improvements of listening to these children might evoke the interest to enhance the accessibility to sporting arenas and physical activities for children with disabilities. This will further their development and improve their chances of becoming an individual who believes “I can do it!” / Sammanfattning Studier visar på att barn med funktionsnedsättningar sällan blir lyssnade på och får sällan chansen att uttrycka sina känslor och tankar kring deras deltagande i sporter och fysiska aktiviteter. Syfte Den här uppsatsen utforskar de upplevelser barn med funktionsnedsättningar i Tanzania får av att delta i olika fysiska aktiviteter i skolan. Frågeställningarna Vilka typer av aktiviteter deltar de i? Hur är barnen inkluderade i deltagandet? Vilka hälsorelaterade upplevelser får barnen från att delta i fysisk aktivitet and hur yttrar det sig; socialt, fysiskt och psykologiskt? I Morogoro, Tanzania finns det ett flertal skolor och center för barn med funktionsnedsättningar. Det har gjort att barn från hela Tanzania kommer hit för att få rehabilitering och undervisning. Om barnet blir inskrivet på någon av dessa institutioner ökar chansen att de får delta i olika fysiska aktiviteter. Dock beror typen av aktivitet främst på personal på institutionen snarare än på barnens intressen. Det gjorde Morogoro till ett lämpligt ställe att genomföra den här studien med barn med funktionsnedsättningar och när de deltar i olika fysiska aktiviteter. Metod Studien inkluderade observationer av strukturella aspekter som omgärdar de fysiska aktiviteterna samt intervjuer med barn efter det att de har deltagit i en fysisk aktivitet. Resultat och slutsats Resultaten från de tre institutionerna i Morogoro, Tanzania tyder på att de här barnen har en uppfattning om vilka fysiska, sociala och psykologiska fördelar det finns med att delta i fysisk aktivitet. De lägger stor vikt vid de sociala implikationerna av fysisk aktivitet dvs. vänskap. Resultaten visar vidare att barnen tycker om att delta i fysiska aktiviteter, till och med så mycket som 1000 gånger, om de bara fick. Samtidigt är det ingen som påstår att deras funktionsnedsättning skulle påverka deras dagliga deltagande i fysiska aktiviteter. Om vuxna inser vikten av att lyssna bättre på de här barnen kanske det finns en möjlighet att öka deras tillträde till olika fysiska aktiviteter. Det kommer att få de här barnen att utveckla sig och öka deras chanser att bli en person som säger ”Jag kan! / <p>Studiegång Idrott, fritidskultur och hälsa. Vt 2012</p>
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The relationships between motor skills, perceptions of competence, and participation in active recreation and physical activitiesMirjafari, Elnaz 23 December 2015 (has links)
There is growing interest in determining the nature of children’s activity profiles. Recreational activities are considered to be a vital part of the development of children (King et al., 2003). Participation in recreation positively influences the development of skills and competences, social relationships, and long-term physical health (Law et al., 2006). Recently, the importance of fundamental motor skills and perceived physical competence towards lifetime participation in movement and physical activity has gained increased attention (Robinson, 2011). Stodden et al. (2008) proposed a model in which the reciprocal and dynamic relationship between motor skill competence and physical activity was central. Stodden and colleagues’ posited that in middle-childhood motor skill proficiency directly influences participation and also indirectly influences participation via perceptions of physical competence. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between motor skill proficiency (MS), perceptions of physical competence (PPC) and participation in active recreation and physical activities by boys and girls in grade 2. Participants were 398 grade 2 children (mean age= 7 years 8 months, girls = 201) from eight elementary schools. Locomotor skills (LM) and object control skills (OC) were assessed in physical education using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2). Participation in recreation and physical activities was assessed using the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE). Perceptions of physical competence were assessed using the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance (PSPCSA). Descriptive statistics were calculated for five dimensions (diversity, intensity, with whom, where, and enjoyment) of participation, PPC, OC, and LM; and analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used to examine differences between boys and girls for all variables. Pearson product moment correlation coefficients were computed to examine the relationships between motor skills, perceptions of physical competence, and participation in CAPE activity categories of all children and boys and girls separately. Linear regression was used to predict the participation from motor skills and PPC. Overall children participated in more recreational activities and social activities than active recreational pastimes and organized sports. There were no differences between the rate of boys’ and girls’ participation in recreational activities, physical activities, organized sport, and active physical recreation. Girls participated in social activities, skill-based activities, and self-improvement activities more than boys. Girls’ locomotor proficiency and PPC were significantly higher than boys, while boys’ object control proficiency was significantly higher than girls. The relationships between motor skills and participation in CAPE activity categories was consistent and notable for boys, particularly between object control skills and the more active categories of participation. Whereas, there were only two significant relationships between motor skills and participation for girls; object control skills was significantly associated with participation in physical activities and active physical recreation. For boys, PPC was positively associated with all CAPE activity categories except for engagement in self-improvement activities. For girls, PPC was positively associated with participation in social activities, skill-based activities, and active physical recreation. Regression analysis revealed that PPC accounted for 4% of the shared variance in girls’ participation in active physical recreation. For boys, PPC and object control skills accounted for 12.3% of the shared variance in participation in active physical recreation, and object control skills accounted for 5% of the variance in organized sport. These findings illustrate that children participated most often in less physically active recreational activities. There were notable sex-based differences in the relationships between MS, PPC, and participation in CAPE activities. For girls there were few significant relationships between motor skills, perceptions of physical competence and CAPE activity categories. In this study findings suggest that for grade 2 boys, participation in leisure activities is affected by motor skills directly. But this model was not significant for girls. For girls, only perceptions of physical competence predicted active physical recreation. However, findings of the present study suggest that childhood object control proficiency and perceptions of physical competence predicted subsequent time spent in leisure activities, at least for boys. In relation to the Stodden et al. model of developmental mechanisms influencing physical activity trajectories, this study suggests that object control skills may be playing both a direct and indirect role in boys’ participation in active physical recreation and a direct role in their participation in organized sport. For girls in grade 2, the influence of motor skill proficiency is less evident, but their perceptions of competence may play somewhat of a role in their participation in active physical recreation. / Graduate / elnazmiry@yahoo.com
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Motivação à prática regular de atividades físicas : um estudo com praticantes em academias de ginástica de Porto AlegreCapozzoli, Carla Josefa January 2010 (has links)
Pesquisas sobre motivação, com indivíduos de diferentes faixas etárias e em variados contextos esportivos, têm recebido destaque na literatura relacionada ao esporte, notadamente aquela relacionada à Psicologia do Esporte. A questão central dessa pesquisa é avaliar diferentes dimensões motivacionais associadas à pratica regular de atividades físicas com praticantes em academias de ginástica do município de Porto Alegre/RS. Foram definidas seis dimensões motivacionais associadas à prática regular de atividade física: Controle de Estresse, Saúde, Sociabilidade, Competitividade, Estética e Prazer. Mais especificamente, o estudo procurou verificar a existência (ou não) de diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p < 0,05) entre os índices motivacionais destas seis dimensões, controlando-se as seguintes variáveis: “Sexo”, “Grupo de Idade”, “Treinamento”, “Tempo de Prática”, “Freqüência de Prática” e “Modalidade”. O IMPRAF-126 (BALBINOTTI, 2003) foi respondido por 300 praticantes de ginástica em academias de Porto Alegre, de ambos os sexos e com idades variando entre 18 e 65 anos. Constatou-se que a dimensão que mais os motiva é a Saúde seguida, respectivamente, pelas dimensões Prazer, Estética, Controle de Estresse, Sociabilidade e Competitividade. Explica-se esse resultado quando identificamos o fator motivacional Saúde relacionado com a melhoria da aptidão física, com o incremento da vitalidade, com a diminuição de fatores de riscos para doenças, e ganhos na qualidade de vida. Quanto maior a faixa etária dos sujeitos pesquisados, maior foi o “valor” atribuído à dimensão Saúde. Outros importantes resultados estão apresentados e discutidos. Conclui-se que a motivação dos sujeitos testados se origina, predominantemente, por suas motivações extrínsecas. Novas pesquisas são importantes para que se possa melhor mapear as dimensões motivacionais de diferentes praticantes, de acordo com suas atividades físicas regulares. / Researches about motivation with individuals from different ages in a variety of sportive contexts, has got distinction in literature related to sport, especially in the one related to sport psychology. The purpose of this study is to explore and evaluate different motivational dimensions associated to regular physical activities practice in gym users in the city of Porto Alegre. Six motivational dimensions associated to the regular practice of physical activities were observed: stress control, health, sociability, competitive, esthetics and pleasure. More specifically, this study pretended to verify significant statistical differences (p< 0,05) between the motivational rates from the six dimensions and controlled variables: “gender”, “group age”, “training”, “practice time”, “frequency time” and “modality”. The IMPRAF-126 (Balbinotti, 2003) was answered by 300 gymnastics users, from Porto Alegre gyms, of both genders and ages between 18 and 65 years old. The research established that the dimension that mainly motivated them is health followed, respectively, by pleasure, esthetics, stress control, sociability and competitive. The results are explained when identifying the motivational factor health related with the improvement of physical capacity, increasing vitality, decreasing risk factors to diseases and quality life gain. It is perceived that the higher was the age of participants, the higher was the value related to health. The results of this study suggest that the participants’ motivation begins, predominantly, from their extrinsic motivation. Additional studies are important in order to acknowledge better the motivational dimensions in different users according to their regular physical activities.
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Propriedades métricas do inventário de motivação à prática regular de atividade física (IMPRAF-126)Barbosa, Marcus Levi Lopes January 2006 (has links)
O objeto deste estudo é a medida da motivação para a atividade física. Seu objetivo foi verificar as propriedades psicométricas (validade, fidedignidade e normatização) de uma medida da motivação para a atividade física, mais precisamente, do “Inventário de Motivação para a Prática Regular de Atividade Física” (IMPRAF-126) (BALBINOTTI, 2004). Trata-se de um inventário de 120 itens (20 itens por dimensão, mais 6 itens em uma escala de verificação), que avalia seis das possíveis dimensões da motivação, a saber: Controle de Estresse, Saúde, Sociabilidade, Competitividade, Estética e Prazer. Participaram desta pesquisa 1377 sujeitos, gaúchos, de ambos os sexos (masculino, 662; feminino, 715) com idades variando de 13 a 83 anos (distribuídos em 5 subgrupos de idade: 13 a 14 anos, 293; 15 a 17 anos, 371; 18 22 anos, 206; 23 a 36 anos, 242 e 37 a 83 anos, 265). Cuidados éticos foram tomados de forma que se obteve o consentimento de todos os sujeitos participantes da pesquisa e de seus responsáveis (para os menores de 18 anos). As análises estatísticas foram divididas em dois grupos. No primeiro, foram avaliadas a validade confirmatória (através dos indicadores Qui-quadrado, razão entre Qui-quadrado e graus de liberdade, GFI, AGFI e RMS, que foram estimados para a amostra geral, para os subgrupos de sexo e de idade) e a consistência interna das seis dimensões do inventário original. Os resultados indicaram tratar-se de um inventário válido, tanto para a amostra geral, quanto para os subgrupos de sexo e idade; e fidedigno, já que as seis dimensões apresentaram índices Alpha de Cronbach superiores a 0,89. O segundo grupo de análises foi iniciado por uma análise fatorial exploratória que utilizou o modelo de análise ULS (Unweighted Least Squares) e a rotação direct oblimin com normalização Kaiser. Esta análise resultou na proposição de um modelo de avaliação da motivação mais econômico (em 48 itens). Também para este segundo modelo, foi avaliada a validade confirmatória (para a amostra geral, para os subgrupos de sexo e de idade) e a consistência interna das seis dimensões do modelo. Os resultados destas análises também indicaram tratar-se de um inventário válido, tanto para a amostra geral, quanto para os subgrupos de sexo e idade; e fidedigno, já que, também no novo modelo, as seis dimensões avaliadas apresentaram índices Alpha de Cronbach superiores a 0,82. Caminho feito, foram exploradas as estatísticas descritivas de tendência central (média, mediana, média aparada a 5% e a moda), de dispersão (desviopadrão, valores mínimo e máximo) e de distribuição da amostra (normalidade, assimetria e achatamento). Finalmente, comparações de médias, com o propósito de verificar a necessidade de criação de tabelas normativas de acordo com os subgrupos de sexo e idade, foram conduzidas. Os resultados obtidos indicaram ser necessária a criação de tabelas normativas diferentes para os subgrupos da amostra, o que efetivamente se fez. Recomenda-se que novos estudos avaliem as propriedades métricas da nova versão do IMPRAF em outras populações, tais como, praticantes de atividade física em outros estados do Brasil, aqueles com necessidades especiais, atletas profissionais, entre outros. / The object of this study is the measure of physical activity motivation. Its objective was to verify the psychometric properties (validity, reliability and norms) of the “Inventário de Motivação à Prática Regular de Atividade Física” (IMPRAF- 126) (BALBINOTTI, 2004). It’s a 120 items inventory (20 items each dimensions, more 6 items for the verification’s scale), that evaluates six of the possible motivation called: Control of Stress, Health, Sociability, Competitiveness, Aesthetic, and Pleasure. Participated of this research 1377 subjects, gauchos, both sex (n=662, male; n=715, female) with ages varying of 13 to 83 years old (distributed in 5 sub-groups of age: n=293, 13-14 years old; n=371, 15-17 years old; n=206, 18-22 years old; n=242, 23-36 years old; and n=265, 37-83 years old). Ethical cares had been taken; written agreement was obtained of all the participants of the research and of its responsible ones (for the minors). The statistical analyses had been divided in two groups. In the first one, they had been evaluated the confirmatory validity (through the Qui-square, reason between Quisquare and degrees of freedom, GFI, AGFI and RMS, that they had been esteem for the general sample, for the sub-groups of sex and age) and the internal consistency of the six dimensions of the original inventory. The results had indicated to be a valid inventory, as for the general sample, as for sex and age sub-groups; and reliable, since the six dimensions had presented .89 Cronbach’s index at least. In the second one, was initiated by an exploratory factorial analysis that used the ULS (Unweighted Least Squares) model and direct oblimin rotation with Kaiser’s normalization. This analysis resulted in an economic motivation evaluated model (just 48 items). Also for this model, the confirmatory validity (as for general sample, as for sex and age sub-groups) and the internal consistency of the six dimensions were evaluated. The results of these analyses had also indicated to be about a valid reduced inventory (as for general sample, as for the sex and age sub-groups); and reliable, since, in the new model, the six evaluated dimensions had presented .82 Cronbach’s index at least. Made way, descriptive statistics had been explored: central tendency (mean, 5% trimmed mean, median, and mode), dispersion (standard deviation and minimum/maximum values), and sample distribution (normality, Skewness and Kurtosis). Finally, means was compared with the intention to verify the needs to create norms by sex and age. Effectively, the results had indicated to be necessary the creation of different normative table for the sub-groups of the sample, and this was made. New studies most evaluate the psychometric properties of this new version of the IMPRAF in other populations, such as, physical activity practitioners in other states of Brazil, with professional athletes, special needs practitioners, etc.
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Motivação à prática regular de atividades físicas? um estudo com atletas de basquetebol infanto-juvenis (13 a 16 anos)Saldanha, Ricardo Pedrozo January 2008 (has links)
O tema do presente estudo é a motivação à prática regular de atividades físicas de atletas de Basquetebol de 13 a 16 anos. Trata-se de uma investigação com uma abordagem focada na perspectiva da Pedagogia do Treinamento Desportivo. Parte-se do pressuposto de que é importante para o treinador/professor conhecer os principais fatores que motivam os atletas para que o plano de atividades seja conduzido da melhor forma possível. O objetivo central da pesquisa foi explorar os níveis de seis dimensões motivacionais associadas à prática regular de atividades físicas (Controle de estresse, Saúde, Sociabilidade, Competitividade, Estética e Prazer), que melhor descrevem os atletas de Basquetebol da faixa etária de 13 a 16 anos. Todos participam de Competições Institucionalizadas (Campeonatos Escolares, Campeonatos Inter-Clubes, JERGS, dentre outros). Mais especificamente, o estudo procurou descrever os níveis destas seis dimensões motivacionais das seguintes variáveis: Sexo; Categorias (“até 14 anos” e “até 16 anos”); Tempo de participação em competições (“1º ano” e “mais de 1 ano”). Foi verificado, também, se houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as dimensões motivacionais e as variáveis controladas. Para tanto, foi aplicado o Inventário de Motivação à Prática Regular de Atividades Físicas (IMPRAF-54; BALBINOTTI e BARBOSA, 2006). As respostas aos itens do IMPRAF-54 são dadas conforme uma escala de tipo Likert, bidirecional graduada em 5 pontos, partindo de “isto me motiva pouquíssimo” (1) a “isto me motiva muitíssimo” (5). O IMPRAF-54 foi aplicado em 441 atletas de Basquetebol infanto-juvenis de 13 e 16 anos, vinculados as Instituições esportivas dos estados do Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina. Constatou-se que a dimensão que mais motiva os atletas de Basquetebol infantojuvenis é o Prazer (1º); seguida, respectivamente, pelas dimensões Competitividade e a Saúde (estatisticamente indissociáveis) (2º); Sociabilidade (3º), Estética (4º); e, por último, Controle de Estresse (5º). Com relação às variáveis controladas, percebe-se que a dimensão Sociabilidade é a que mais motiva os atletas de basquetebol que estão no seu “1º ano” de competição, quando comparados àqueles que estão a “mais de 1 ano” competindo. Outro resultado dessa pesquisa aponta que os atletas de Basquetebol da categoria “até 14 anos” são mais motivados pela Competitividade do que os atletas da categoria (“até 16 anos”). Ao compararmos as diferenças entre o sexo “masculino e feminino”, as dimensões Competitividade e Estética se destacam como aquelas que mais motivam os atletas do sexo masculino. Portanto, os resultados indicam que os atletas de Basquetebol infanto-juvenis de 13 a 16 anos praticam o esporte por motivos intrínsecos. Recomenda-se que outros estudos sejam realizados para que se possa aprofundar ainda mais os conhecimentos sobre esta temática. / The present study has as its subject the motivation regarding the regular practice of sports and physical activities in Basketball athletes from 13 to 16 years old. It is an inquiry focused in the perspective of the pedagogy of the sports training. It is an assumption that it is important for the coach or teacher to know the main factors that motivate the athletes having the plan of activities prepared in the best possible way. The main reason of this study was to explore six dimensions of motivation associated to the practice of sports and regular physical activities (Stress Control, Health, Sociability, Competitiveness, Esthetics And Pleasure), that best describe the athletes that practice Basketball with ages ranging from 13 to 16 years old. All athletes participate to institutionalized competitions (school competitions, inter-clubs competitions, JERGS, among others). More specifically, this study tries to describe the levels of these six motivational dimensions of the following variables: gender; categories (“up to 14” and “up to 16 years of age”); time of competition (“one year” and “more than one year”). It was also verified if there were any significant statistical differences between the motivational dimensions and the controllable variables. In order to obtain all this answers, it was applied an inventory called “Inventario de Motivação à Pratica Regular de Atividades Físicas” (IMPRAF-54; BALBINOTTI e BARBOSA, 2006). The IMPRAF-54 is a test that rates the answers in a Likert scale form of 5 points (1 – It’s not very motivating to 5 – It’s very motivating) verifying in nominal values, the dimensions that motivate most Basketball players to the practice of sports and physical activities on a regular basis. The IMPRAF–54, surveyed a sample of 441 young Basketball players of both genders, ages between 13 and 16 years old, tied by States of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, Brazil. It was verified that the dimensions that most motivates young Basketball players to practice regularly is Pleasure; followed to Competitiveness and Health (indivisible statistically); Sociability; Esthetics; and, finally, Stress Control. In the relation to controlled variable it was observed that the Sociability was the dimension that most motivates the young Basketball athletes when they are in their first year as competitors. Another result that this study shows is that the athletes of the category “up to 14” are significantly more motivated by Competitiveness than the “up to 16”. When we compare the differences between “males and females”, the dimensions Competitiveness and Esthetics were prominence significantly more motivating to males athletes. Therefore, the results indicate that young Basketball athletes from 13 to 16 years old practice sports by intrinsic motives. It is recommended that further studies be conducted in order to deepen the knowledge on this topic.
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Propriedades métricas do inventário de motivação à prática regular de atividade física (IMPRAF-126)Barbosa, Marcus Levi Lopes January 2006 (has links)
O objeto deste estudo é a medida da motivação para a atividade física. Seu objetivo foi verificar as propriedades psicométricas (validade, fidedignidade e normatização) de uma medida da motivação para a atividade física, mais precisamente, do “Inventário de Motivação para a Prática Regular de Atividade Física” (IMPRAF-126) (BALBINOTTI, 2004). Trata-se de um inventário de 120 itens (20 itens por dimensão, mais 6 itens em uma escala de verificação), que avalia seis das possíveis dimensões da motivação, a saber: Controle de Estresse, Saúde, Sociabilidade, Competitividade, Estética e Prazer. Participaram desta pesquisa 1377 sujeitos, gaúchos, de ambos os sexos (masculino, 662; feminino, 715) com idades variando de 13 a 83 anos (distribuídos em 5 subgrupos de idade: 13 a 14 anos, 293; 15 a 17 anos, 371; 18 22 anos, 206; 23 a 36 anos, 242 e 37 a 83 anos, 265). Cuidados éticos foram tomados de forma que se obteve o consentimento de todos os sujeitos participantes da pesquisa e de seus responsáveis (para os menores de 18 anos). As análises estatísticas foram divididas em dois grupos. No primeiro, foram avaliadas a validade confirmatória (através dos indicadores Qui-quadrado, razão entre Qui-quadrado e graus de liberdade, GFI, AGFI e RMS, que foram estimados para a amostra geral, para os subgrupos de sexo e de idade) e a consistência interna das seis dimensões do inventário original. Os resultados indicaram tratar-se de um inventário válido, tanto para a amostra geral, quanto para os subgrupos de sexo e idade; e fidedigno, já que as seis dimensões apresentaram índices Alpha de Cronbach superiores a 0,89. O segundo grupo de análises foi iniciado por uma análise fatorial exploratória que utilizou o modelo de análise ULS (Unweighted Least Squares) e a rotação direct oblimin com normalização Kaiser. Esta análise resultou na proposição de um modelo de avaliação da motivação mais econômico (em 48 itens). Também para este segundo modelo, foi avaliada a validade confirmatória (para a amostra geral, para os subgrupos de sexo e de idade) e a consistência interna das seis dimensões do modelo. Os resultados destas análises também indicaram tratar-se de um inventário válido, tanto para a amostra geral, quanto para os subgrupos de sexo e idade; e fidedigno, já que, também no novo modelo, as seis dimensões avaliadas apresentaram índices Alpha de Cronbach superiores a 0,82. Caminho feito, foram exploradas as estatísticas descritivas de tendência central (média, mediana, média aparada a 5% e a moda), de dispersão (desviopadrão, valores mínimo e máximo) e de distribuição da amostra (normalidade, assimetria e achatamento). Finalmente, comparações de médias, com o propósito de verificar a necessidade de criação de tabelas normativas de acordo com os subgrupos de sexo e idade, foram conduzidas. Os resultados obtidos indicaram ser necessária a criação de tabelas normativas diferentes para os subgrupos da amostra, o que efetivamente se fez. Recomenda-se que novos estudos avaliem as propriedades métricas da nova versão do IMPRAF em outras populações, tais como, praticantes de atividade física em outros estados do Brasil, aqueles com necessidades especiais, atletas profissionais, entre outros. / The object of this study is the measure of physical activity motivation. Its objective was to verify the psychometric properties (validity, reliability and norms) of the “Inventário de Motivação à Prática Regular de Atividade Física” (IMPRAF- 126) (BALBINOTTI, 2004). It’s a 120 items inventory (20 items each dimensions, more 6 items for the verification’s scale), that evaluates six of the possible motivation called: Control of Stress, Health, Sociability, Competitiveness, Aesthetic, and Pleasure. Participated of this research 1377 subjects, gauchos, both sex (n=662, male; n=715, female) with ages varying of 13 to 83 years old (distributed in 5 sub-groups of age: n=293, 13-14 years old; n=371, 15-17 years old; n=206, 18-22 years old; n=242, 23-36 years old; and n=265, 37-83 years old). Ethical cares had been taken; written agreement was obtained of all the participants of the research and of its responsible ones (for the minors). The statistical analyses had been divided in two groups. In the first one, they had been evaluated the confirmatory validity (through the Qui-square, reason between Quisquare and degrees of freedom, GFI, AGFI and RMS, that they had been esteem for the general sample, for the sub-groups of sex and age) and the internal consistency of the six dimensions of the original inventory. The results had indicated to be a valid inventory, as for the general sample, as for sex and age sub-groups; and reliable, since the six dimensions had presented .89 Cronbach’s index at least. In the second one, was initiated by an exploratory factorial analysis that used the ULS (Unweighted Least Squares) model and direct oblimin rotation with Kaiser’s normalization. This analysis resulted in an economic motivation evaluated model (just 48 items). Also for this model, the confirmatory validity (as for general sample, as for sex and age sub-groups) and the internal consistency of the six dimensions were evaluated. The results of these analyses had also indicated to be about a valid reduced inventory (as for general sample, as for the sex and age sub-groups); and reliable, since, in the new model, the six evaluated dimensions had presented .82 Cronbach’s index at least. Made way, descriptive statistics had been explored: central tendency (mean, 5% trimmed mean, median, and mode), dispersion (standard deviation and minimum/maximum values), and sample distribution (normality, Skewness and Kurtosis). Finally, means was compared with the intention to verify the needs to create norms by sex and age. Effectively, the results had indicated to be necessary the creation of different normative table for the sub-groups of the sample, and this was made. New studies most evaluate the psychometric properties of this new version of the IMPRAF in other populations, such as, physical activity practitioners in other states of Brazil, with professional athletes, special needs practitioners, etc.
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