Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1996. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. [357]-360).

Neste trabalho apresentamos resultados experimentais e teóricos do ruído de intensidade e de fase, e das correspondentes correlações, entre os campos de bombeio e sonda na transparência induzida eletromagneticamente. Experimentalmente, nessa condição, medimos excesso de ruído de intensidade em ambos feixes e correlação e anti-correlação de ruído de intensidade, mostrando claramente que elas dependem tanto da intensidade dos feixes, quanto da frequência de análise em que as medidas são realizadas. Utilizando uma varredura local do feixe sonda, observamos estruturas no espectro de ruído dos campos na transparência induzida e, a partir do ruído da soma e da diferença das intensidades dos feixes, vimos que nessa região há zonas com correlação e anti-correlação de intensidade, intercaladas. Estas estruturas dependem, novamente, da intensidade dos feixes e da frequência de análise. Ainda no campo experimental, com relação ao ruído de fase, medimos excesso de ruído nos nossos feixes e, pela primeira vez, medimos uma correlação desse ruído entre os feixes na condição de transparência induzida. Teoricamente, aprofundamos análises realizadas com um modelo em que átomos e campos são tratados quanticamente e, dadas as limitações constatadas, desenvolvemos um novo modelo semi-clássico. As novas previsões obtidas com esse modelo, em que os campos possuem fases difusivas, mostram um bom acordo qualitativo com os resultados experimentais. O excesso de ruído de intensidade dos feixes, observado na transparência induzida, se deve ao excesso de ruído de fase dos lasers, que é transferido ressonantemente pelos átomos para o ruído de intensidade. / In this work we present experimental and theoretical results of intensity and phase noise, and of the correspondent correlations, between pump and probe fields in electromagnetically induced transparency. Experimentally, in this condition, we measure intensity excess-noise in both beams as well as intensity correlations and anti-correlations, clearly showing that both are dependent on the fields intensities and on the analysis frequency. We also observed structures in the noise spectra of the fields in the induced transparency and that, in a single spectrum, there are zones with correlation and anti-correlation of intensity, interchanged. These structures are dependent, again, on the fields intensities and on the analysis frequency. We also measured excess phase noise in our beams and, for the first time, we measured a phase noise correlation between the beams in the condition of induced transparency. Theoretically, we further developed an analysis with a model in which the atoms and the fields are treated quantum-mechanically. Owing to limitations detected in the application of this model to our experimental situation, we developed a new semi-classical model, in which the fields present phase diffusion. The new predictions obtained show a good qualitative agreement with the experimental result features. The excess noise of intensity of the beams, in the electromagnetically induced transparency, is a result of the resonant transfer of the diode lasers excess phase noise into intensity noise by interaction with the atoms.

Neste trabalho apresentamos resultados experimentais e teóricos do ruído de intensidade e de fase, e das correspondentes correlações, entre os campos de bombeio e sonda na transparência induzida eletromagneticamente. Experimentalmente, nessa condição, medimos excesso de ruído de intensidade em ambos feixes e correlação e anti-correlação de ruído de intensidade, mostrando claramente que elas dependem tanto da intensidade dos feixes, quanto da frequência de análise em que as medidas são realizadas. Utilizando uma varredura local do feixe sonda, observamos estruturas no espectro de ruído dos campos na transparência induzida e, a partir do ruído da soma e da diferença das intensidades dos feixes, vimos que nessa região há zonas com correlação e anti-correlação de intensidade, intercaladas. Estas estruturas dependem, novamente, da intensidade dos feixes e da frequência de análise. Ainda no campo experimental, com relação ao ruído de fase, medimos excesso de ruído nos nossos feixes e, pela primeira vez, medimos uma correlação desse ruído entre os feixes na condição de transparência induzida. Teoricamente, aprofundamos análises realizadas com um modelo em que átomos e campos são tratados quanticamente e, dadas as limitações constatadas, desenvolvemos um novo modelo semi-clássico. As novas previsões obtidas com esse modelo, em que os campos possuem fases difusivas, mostram um bom acordo qualitativo com os resultados experimentais. O excesso de ruído de intensidade dos feixes, observado na transparência induzida, se deve ao excesso de ruído de fase dos lasers, que é transferido ressonantemente pelos átomos para o ruído de intensidade. / In this work we present experimental and theoretical results of intensity and phase noise, and of the correspondent correlations, between pump and probe fields in electromagnetically induced transparency. Experimentally, in this condition, we measure intensity excess-noise in both beams as well as intensity correlations and anti-correlations, clearly showing that both are dependent on the fields intensities and on the analysis frequency. We also observed structures in the noise spectra of the fields in the induced transparency and that, in a single spectrum, there are zones with correlation and anti-correlation of intensity, interchanged. These structures are dependent, again, on the fields intensities and on the analysis frequency. We also measured excess phase noise in our beams and, for the first time, we measured a phase noise correlation between the beams in the condition of induced transparency. Theoretically, we further developed an analysis with a model in which the atoms and the fields are treated quantum-mechanically. Owing to limitations detected in the application of this model to our experimental situation, we developed a new semi-classical model, in which the fields present phase diffusion. The new predictions obtained show a good qualitative agreement with the experimental result features. The excess noise of intensity of the beams, in the electromagnetically induced transparency, is a result of the resonant transfer of the diode lasers excess phase noise into intensity noise by interaction with the atoms.

The major objective of this study was to analytically determine the effects of small transverse solar tracking errors on the concentrated intensity profile generated by a 22-inch wide, f-number one, linear Fresnel model lens. Transverse tracking error is caused by the misalignment of the lens optic axis and the center of the sun in a direction perpendicular to the lens optic axis. The analytical method consisted of extending an earlier theoretical model developed by Cosby3 in which the solar disk was perfectly tracked; thus the tracking error problem is treated as a perturbation of the basic theory. Data was obtained using extensive computer calculations.Results indicated that in the presence of transverse tracking error, lens serrations (upper half serrations) on the same side of the lens optic axis as the sun differ significantly from the lens serrations (lower half serrations) on the opposite side of the lens optic axis in their concentration characteristics. Incident angles of sunlight are greater for upper half serrations causing greater angles of refraction at the second surface. The peak concentration ratio values are observed to shift in the negative intercept direction in a linear relationship with tracking error angle. It was observed that the 90% target width monotonically increased, e.g., by 100% and 700% for transverse tracking errors of 1/2° and 2-1/2°, respectively. It is concluded that the dominant cause for the 90% target width increase is the intensity profile shift itself. Some lesser influence results from increasing intensity profile skewness and profile broadening for IR wavelengths caused by greater IR refraction with increased transverse tracking error.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio University, June, 1989. / Title from PDF t.p.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 1999. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 197-201). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users. Address: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9948024.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Texas A & M University, 1993. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 204-208).

[pt] O modelamento de superfícies refletoras embarcadas em satélites tem se apresentado como uma alternativa eficiente à síntese de conjuntos de alimentadores. Existem várias técnicas disponíveis para a determinação do formato adequado para esta superfície, baseados em aproximações da ótica geométrica ou da ótica física. Neste trabalho, estudamos a aplicação da técnica das Projeções Sucessivas, um método interativo genérico, à síntese de superfície refletora e à síntese da distribuição de fase sobre a abertura. Este método é baseado nas aproximações da Ótica Física, o que garante uma boa precisão. Entre suas principais vantagens, estão a sua simplicidade e a sua eficiência computacional. / [en] The shaping of reflector surfaces for satellites hás been considered na efficient alternative to the available for the determination of the optimum shape for this surface, base don Geometrical Optics or Physical Optics approximations. This work investigates the application of the Technique of Sucessive Projections, a generic interative method, to the synthesis of a single reflector antenna and to the phase distribution on the aperture. This method is based on Physical Optics Techniques, which guarantees a good precision. Among its main advantages are its simplicity and its computational.

The capability of light goes well beyond illumination, yet it is so underused in our lives because the control of light still largely relies on clumsy bulk lenses. Less than 10 years ago, a type of revolutionary devices made of nanometer scale optical elements – metasurfaces – was invented to control the light propagation and its energy dissipation with arbitrary degree of freedom, at unprecedentedly small volumes (although some would argue that the advent of metasurfaces came in the 1990s). Vast diversity of new discoveries has since been made possible, and many more existing applications have seen significant performance enhancement with the aid of metasurfaces.<div><br><div> <div>In the scope of this work, I explore the use of a variety of metasurfaces to address several existing real-world challenges: sensing, optical heating, and data storage. Among these, three metasurfaces involve the world’s first two-dimensional material, graphene. I first investigate the graphene plasmonic resonator, which have been shown to be extremely sensitive single-molecule sensors. Graphene also has many intriguing properties in photodetection applications, such as lightweight, ultra-wide detection band, and ultrafast response speed. I have used two different metasurfaces to enhance the intrinsically low responsivity (sensitivity) of graphene photodetectors. Amidst the discussion of graphene photodetectors, I show the characterization result of plasmonic heating of metasurfaces, an essential process of the graphene photo-responsivity enhancement. Lastly, I present a multi-functional metasurface which can be used in optical steganography, encryption, and data storage. The proposed metasurface is compatible with large scale parallel readout, which outperforms current Blu-ray technology in both storage capacity and readout speed</div></div></div>

<div>In the 1970's, Arthur Ashkin developed a remarkable system called the ``optical tweezer'' which utilizes the radiation pressure of light to manipulate particles. Because of its non-invasive nature and controllability, optical tweezers have been widely adopted in biology, chemistry and physics. In this dissertation, two applications related to optical tweezers will be discussed. The first application is about the demonstration of multiple feedback controlled optical tweezers which let us conduct novel experiments which have not been performed before. For the second application, levitation of a silica nanodumbbell and cooling its motion in five degrees of freedom is executed.</div><div><br></div><div>To be more specific, the first chapter of the thesis focuses on an experiment using the feedback controlled optical tweezers in water. A well-known thought experiment called ``Feynman's ratchet and pawl'' is experimentally demonstrated. Feynman’s ratchet is a microscopic heat engine which can rectify the random thermal fluctuation of molecules to harness useful work. After Feynman proposed this system in the 1960’s, it has drawn a lot of interest. In this dissertation, we demonstrate a solvable model of Feynman’s ratchet using a silica nanoparticle inside a feedback controlled one dimensional optical trap. The idea and techniques to realize two separate thermal reservoirs and to keep them in contact with the ratchet is discussed in detail. Also, both experiment and simulation about the characteristics of our system as a heat engine are fully explored.</div><div><br></div><div>In the latter part of the dissertation, trapping silica nanodumbbell in vacuum and cooling its motion in five degrees of freedom is discussed. A levitated nanoparticle in vacuum is an extraordinary optomechanical system with an exceptionally high mechanical quality factor. Therefore, levitated particles are often utilized as a sensor in various research. Different from a levitated single nanosphere, which is only sensitive to force, a levitated nanodumbbell is sensitive to both force and torque. This is due to the asymmetry of the particle resulting it to have three rotational degrees of freedoms as well as three translational degrees of freedoms. In this dissertation, creating and levitating a silica nanodumbbell will be demonstrated. Active feedback cooling also known as cold damping will be employed to stabilize and cool the two torsional degrees of freedom of the particle along with the three center of mass DOF in vacuum. Additionally, both computational and experimental analysis is conducted on a levitated nanodumbbell which we call rotation-coupled torsional motion. The complex torsional motion can be fully explained with the effects of both thermal nonlinearity and rotational coupling. The new findings and knowledge of a levitated non-spherical particles leads us one step further towards levitated optomechanics with more complex particles.</div>