Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T16:19:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 30 / Bolsa para curso e programa de Pós Graduação / As planárias terrestres formam um grupo relativamente numeroso em espécies (cerca de 800 espécies) com distribuição mundial, principalmente pan-tropical. Muitas espécies de planárias terrestres são especialistas de hábitat e, em geral, apresentam capacidade de locomoção reduzida, havendo assim, muitas espécies endêmicas. Sua utilização em estudos de diversidade, visando determinar áreas prioritárias para conservação, é indicada por serem predadores de topo de cadeia alimentar no seu microhábitat. No Brasil, um grande número de espécies de planárias terrestres foi registrado em áreas originalmente cobertas por floresta ombrófila densa localizadas nos estados de Santa Catarina, São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro. Estudos recentes da composição e da estrutura de comunidades de Terricola, realizados no Rio Grande do Sul, têm se concentrado na região do Planalto das Araucárias, no nordeste do estado, em áreas de floresta ombrófila, registrando um elevado número de espécies de planárias terrestres em diferentes localidades / Land flatworms constitute a relatively species rich zoological group, being distributed world wide, but mainly pan-tropical. They show very strict habitat requirements and a reduced locomotion capacity, so that there are many endemic species. Their use as indicator-taxa in conservation and biodiversity studies is recomended because land planarians are top-predatores within their soil ecosystem. In Brazil, the diversity of land planarians is better known in areas that were originally covered by the southeastern dense ombrophilous forest, located in the states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro e Santa Catarina. Recent studies on the composition and structure of land planarian communities, mainly done in the region of the Planalto das Araucárias, located at the northeast of Rio Grande do Sul state, in areas of mixed and dense ombrophilous forest, have registered high species richness in various localities, many of the species being new taxa and/or endemic for each type of forest. The caducifolious forest is one of th

Planarian maintained in spring water and exposed for two hours to temporally patterned, weak (1 to 5 μT) magnetic field in the dark displayed diminished mobility that simulated the effects of morphine and enhanced this effect at concentrations associated with receptor subtypes. A single (5 hr) exposure to this same pattern following several days of exposure to a very complex patterned field in darkness dissolved the planarian and was associated with an expansion of their volume. Spectral power density analyses of direct measurements of the spring water only following exposure to this field in darkness showed emission spectra that were displayed from control conditions by ~10 nm and associated with an energy increment of ~10-20 J. This value is an intrinsic solution for the physical properties of the water molecule. “Shielding” the exposed water with plastic, aluminum foil or copper foil indicated that only the latter eliminated a powerful spike in photon emission around 280 nm. Continuous measurement of pH indicated that the slow shift towards alkalinity over 12 hours of exposure was associated with enhanced transient pH shifts of .02 units with typical durations between 20 and 40 ms. These results indicate that the appropriately patterned and amplitude of magnetic field that affects water directly could mediate some of the powerful effects displayed by biological aquatic systems.

No description available.

The freshwater planarian has a great capacity to regenerate and is an ideal animal model in the study of stem cell and regeneration biology. In this study planarian regenerating new tails were exposed to nonlethal doses of Betadine®, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and Iodine. Betadine® is a topical antiseptic commonly used in the healthcare setting and may have a detrimental effect on wound healing. PVP is linked to iodine to create povidone-iodine, the active ingredient in Betadine®. Initially, a preliminary test was performed on the worms to determine the nonlethal concentrations of these chemicals . After this nonlethal concentration was determined, tails were amputated and a designated number of worms were placed in the Betadine®, PVP, and Iodine solutions. Spring water was used as a control. This study determined that Betadine® and PVP showed no significant impact on regrowth rate and wound healing in the planarian, while Iodine did.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第18838号 / 理博第4096号 / 新制||理||1589(附属図書館) / 31789 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻 / (主査)教授 阿形 清和, 教授 杤尾 豪人, 教授 森 和俊 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

No description available.

Background: Planarians have mammalian-like neurotransmitter systems and have been established as a novel in vivo model for neuropharmacology. In previous research, planarians exposed to the cannabinoid receptor (CB-R) agonist WIN 55,212-2 (10 μmol/L) for 1 h displayed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in spontaneous locomotor velocity (pLMV) when subsequently tested in drug-free, but not in drug-containing, water. This demonstrated abstinence-induced withdrawal from a CB-R agonist as a manifestation of the development of physical dependence. Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to extend previous work and to further establish a cannabinoid behavioral model with planarians. Specifically, the goals included (i) confirm the work with WIN 55,212-2 and extend to a second agonist (ii) interfere with agonist-induced physical dependence using several CB-R antagonists, (ii) demonstrate antagonist-induced precipitated withdrawal behavior, and (iii) try to induce withdrawal behavior from CB-R agonists using UV light. Methods: Two CB agonists (WIN 55,212-2 and JWH251) and four CB antagonists (AM251, AM281, SLV319 and SR144528) were used. Planarians were placed individually in CB-R agonist or agonist + antagonist mixtures for 20 and 30 min of exposure (with or without UV radiation), and withdrawal was quantified by measuring pLMV in drug-free vs drug-containing water (with or without UV light irradiation). Results: (i) Four different CB1-R antagonists (AM251, AM281, SLV319 and SR144528) dose-relatedly blocked development of physical dependence induced by two different CB-R agonists (WIN 55,212-2 and JWH251). (ii) None of the same four antagonists (AM251, AM281, SLV319 and SR144528) precipitated withdrawal. (iii) Short wavelength (254 nm), but not long wavelength (366 nm), UV light attenuated abstinence-induced withdrawal from WIN 55,212-2, while short wavelength UV light induced moderate withdrawal behavior. Conclusions: The results confirm the use of a planarian model as a simple yet robust way to study development of physical dependence to cannabinoid agonists. The model is more rapid and sensitive than the usual rodent models. The effect of UV irradiation adds to the supposition that the results are receptor-related. The results also give rise to the surprising suggestion, within the limitations of the methodology, that development of cannabinoid physical dependence and antagonist-induced precipitated withdrawal might be separable phenomena in planarians. / Pharmaceutical Sciences

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第18831号 / 理博第4089号 / 新制||理||1588(附属図書館) / 31782 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻 / (主査)教授 阿形 清和, 教授 緒方 博之, 教授 高田 彰二 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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Flatworms, or planarian, have a high potential for regeneration and have been used as a model to investigate regeneration and stem cell biology for over a century. Chemicals, temperature, and seasonal factors can influence planarian regeneration. Caffeine and ethanol are two widely used drugs and their effect on flatworm regeneration was evaluated in this experiment. Non-toxic levels of caffeine, a stimulant, and ethanol, a depressant, were determined. The tails of the flatworms were removed and the regeneration stage was analyzed every 3 days for 15 days to see the effect of these drugs alone and in combination on regeneration. For day 3 and day 6, there was a significant difference between the ethanol treatment and the other treatments (positive control, caffeine treatment, and combined treatment). The ethanol treatment showed a delay in the initiation of regeneration but caught up to the other treatments by day 15.