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No description available.

Planning, estimating and control management functions as performed by Portuguese construction companies were studied. For this purpose, inquiries were made into the way a set of Portuguese contractors carried out these tasks, with special reference to planning, estimating and the preparation of data for control during the pre-contract stage. There is a lack of integration among those functions in the current practice of companies surveyed. This is a problem that companies would like to see solved. Data systems analysis was used to tackle the problem. It was concluded that there is no functional dependency between planning and estimating in most construction projects. This is especially due to the form in which. data is structured in the basic documents currently used for those functions (the bill of quantities for estimating and the construction programme for planning). A possible integrated approach to planning and estimating is suggested by considering construction works assigned both to the items of the bill of quantities and to the activities of the construction programme. This facilitates the preparation of data for control on site because costs and time are closely related in this approach. A model for the integration of planning and estimating management functions during the pre-contract stage of construction projects is presented. The model also enables one to achieve efficient preparation of data for control on site. Computer support for the model is also presented. This is based on a Database Management System which provides for an adequate environment for the model. The model was tested in some Portuguese construction companies, and led to satisfactory results. Those companies highlighted the advantage of building up the model upon a relational database which makes data manipulation and retrieval easier and allows for integration among management functions.

We propose a novel framework for motion planning and control that is based on a manifold encoding of the desired solution set. We present an alternate, model-free, approach to path planning, replanning and control. Our approach is founded on the idea of encoding the set of possible trajectories as a skill manifold, which can be learnt from data such as from demonstration. We describe the manifold representation of skills, a technique for learning from data and a method for generating trajectories as geodesics on such manifolds. We extend the trajectory generation method to handle dynamic obstacles and constraints. We show how a state metric naturally arises from the manifold encoding and how this can be used for reactive control in an on-line manner. Our framework tightly integrates learning, planning and control in a computationally efficient representation, suitable for realistic humanoid robotic tasks that are defined by skill specifications involving high-dimensional nonlinear dynamics, kinodynamic constraints and non-trivial cost functions, in an optimal control setting. Although, in principle, such problems can be handled by well understood analytical methods, it is often difficult and expensive to formulate models that enable the analytical approach. We test our framework with various types of robotic systems – ranging from a 3-link arm to a small humanoid robot – and show that the manifold encoding gives significant improvements in performance without loss of accuracy. Furthermore, we evaluate the framework against a state-of-the-art imitation learning method. We show that our approach, by learning manifolds of robotic skills, allows for efficient planning and replanning in changing environments, and for robust and online reactive control.

Urban development plans in the Turkish planning system envision that a time would come and the spatial development of any city would be completed in the specific planning period. The allegation of the planning system is to control every detail during urban development. However, the static nature of development plans within the regulatory context cannot provide strategies to manage the dynamic nature of the socio-political context. This contradictory situation involves tensions in planning control mechanisms and creates cleavages within the spatial context. &amp / #8216 / Changes in the spatial context&amp / #8217 / are the indicators of such cleavages. They are conceived to be significant since they might enhance or erode the distinctiveness of a place. To the extent that possibility of change is disregarded in static nature of urban development plans, plan modifications become the primary tools for emergence of the &amp / #8216 / changes in spatial context&amp / #8217 / . They usually emerge through individual actions and individuals begin to produce their own pattern of urbanism in the urban built environment. Management and control of &amp / #8216 / changes in the spatial context&amp / #8217 / is at the very center of the study. It is about shaping the physical form of development rights. The study aims to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative influence of plan modifications on the spatial context through a study within the whole contexts of planning control mechanisms. Hence, the study also concentrates on the operation of planning control mechanisms in the Turkish planning system. The plan modifications are evaluated throughout a detailed analysis held within boundaries of Municipality of Greater Mersin.

No description available.

Der Beitrag führt zuerst in die Halbleiterfertigung und die damit verbundene innerbetriebliche Logistik, dabei vor allem das Transport- und Handhabungssystem, ein. Bei der Planung und Steuerung solcher Anlagen stellen sich sehr anspruchsvolle Aufgaben, die nur mithilfe der Simulation zu lösen sind. Hierzu wird dargestellt, wie sich der Simulationseinsatz in der Halbleiterproduktion und -logistik gestaltet. Mit der Komplexität der Prozesse und Systeme wächst natürlich auch die Komplexität der eingesetzten Simulationsmodelle – auf die Frage nach einem angemessenen Abstraktionsgrad gibt es bislang jedoch keine befriedigende Antwort. Der Beitrag stellt dazu Lösungsansätze vor und zeigt, worauf künftige Forschungsarbeiten fokussieren sollten.

為有效促進土地使用、環境保護及引導都市發展，美國形成所謂「成長管理運動」，藉以提昇整體土地效用，並符合隨時代變遷而呈現多樣化的土地開發行為。然在土地使用規劃與管制的執行中，常涉及個別土地所有權人的財產權範圍與社會公經濟外部性間的考量；就土地使用規劃與管制對整體土地利用價值而言，可有所提升並降低開發所產生的負外部性；但就個別而言，當土地受到一定程度上之限制時，將會影響土地所有權人於土地所能從事的經濟活動、土地使用及其交易價值，且多重的管制往往導致土地所有權人權益因此受到限縮或喪失，是以為求合理的私有財產權保障，也相對興起了「私有財產權運動」，以尋求管制下的公平對待。 就社會整體而言，負面外部性的降低與正面外部性的營造有其必要，但更嚴格的管制也意味著人民私有財產權的重新界定，從而在土地使用規則與管制的執行上，產生了成長管理運動與私有財產權運動兩種不同面向的思潮與措施。是以本研究欲就成長管理運動與私有財產權運動之理念執行，以實證分析影響美國州政府採行成長管理運動或私有財產權運動之因素，期望藉由此兩種運動的執行理念與探討，作為我國執行土地使用規劃與管制對土地財產權界定與重新界定之參考與借鏡。 / In order to promote efficient land use and protect environment as well as lead urban development, the Growth Management Movement has emerged in USA. However, the implementation of land use planning and control will unavoidable affect the domain of private property rights and the public interests in terms of externality. Although land use planning and control can reduce the negative externality of land development, the limitation on private land will attenuate private property rights and result in the loss of landowners’ property rights and land value. The Private Property Rights Movement arises so as to pursue a reasonable protection of property rights and to have an equal treatment under land use control. From the society viewpoint, land use control is employed to modify the market failure so as to reduce the negative externality and increase positive externality, but the implementation of tighter land use control means that the landowners’ property rights are redefined and attenuated. That how far is too far is always a controversy and lead to the emergence of two opposite movements i.e. the Growth Management Movement and The Private Property Rights Movement. This study intends to investigate the concept of and to analyze the influence factors of both movements so as to use a mirror for Taiwan’s land use planning and control which assigns and reassigns the property rights of land.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:50:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6422.pdf: 2110662 bytes, checksum: eb693b2b653ba32626459f3fd72fa98b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-05 / The PBC System is a well-known Ordering System that periodically syncronizes the material flow of the shop floor. The PBC has the property of constant and planned production lead-time, a policy of minimal lot sizing and a constant frequency on order releasing. An exhaustive literature review presented in this thesis has shown that work uses PBC when the production capacity is not constant. This is a reality presented in companies where compensatory times off allows the capacity be tranfer between time stamps and employees that can work on diferente positions, allowing the capacity to be managed from one working center to another. This work formally defines those issues using mathematical programming, and defines a set of heuristics to solve it. After the application of the models and heuristics to a set of instances, one can note that the heuristics are eficiente to solve the problem, and the strategy of using PBC is very successful in the studied environment (production system with variable capacity). / O sistema PBC é conhecido como um sistema de controle da produção que sincroniza periodicamente o fluxo de materiais no chão de fábrica. O PBC tem a característica de possuir lead-time de produção constante e planejado, política de dimensionamento de lote conforme o mínimo necessário e frequência estável na liberação de ordens. Uma revisão exaustiva da literatura, apresentada neste trabalho, mostrou que não existem relatos do uso do PBC em ambientes onde a capacidade produtiva não é constante, uma realidade que se apresenta às empresas com a adoção de políticas de banco de horas (que permitem a transferência de capacidade produtiva entre diferentes períodos) e funcionários polivantes (que permitem a transferência de capacidade produtiva entre diferentes centros de trabalho). O presente trabalho define formalmente esse problema, usando técnicas de programação matemática, e propõe um conjunto de heurísticas para resolvê-lo. Após a aplicação dos modelos e heurísticas em um conjunto de casos de teste, mostra-se que as heurísticas propostas são eficazes para a resolução do problema, sendo estratégias viáveis para a implementação do PBC em ambientes de manufatura com capacidade variável.