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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

以財產權觀點探討美國成長管理運動與私有財產權運動 / The Study of American Growth Management And Private Property Rights Movements : Property Rights Perspective

葉艾青, Yeh, Ai Ching Unknown Date (has links)
為有效促進土地使用、環境保護及引導都市發展,美國形成所謂「成長管理運動」,藉以提昇整體土地效用,並符合隨時代變遷而呈現多樣化的土地開發行為。然在土地使用規劃與管制的執行中,常涉及個別土地所有權人的財產權範圍與社會公經濟外部性間的考量;就土地使用規劃與管制對整體土地利用價值而言,可有所提升並降低開發所產生的負外部性;但就個別而言,當土地受到一定程度上之限制時,將會影響土地所有權人於土地所能從事的經濟活動、土地使用及其交易價值,且多重的管制往往導致土地所有權人權益因此受到限縮或喪失,是以為求合理的私有財產權保障,也相對興起了「私有財產權運動」,以尋求管制下的公平對待。 就社會整體而言,負面外部性的降低與正面外部性的營造有其必要,但更嚴格的管制也意味著人民私有財產權的重新界定,從而在土地使用規則與管制的執行上,產生了成長管理運動與私有財產權運動兩種不同面向的思潮與措施。是以本研究欲就成長管理運動與私有財產權運動之理念執行,以實證分析影響美國州政府採行成長管理運動或私有財產權運動之因素,期望藉由此兩種運動的執行理念與探討,作為我國執行土地使用規劃與管制對土地財產權界定與重新界定之參考與借鏡。 / In order to promote efficient land use and protect environment as well as lead urban development, the Growth Management Movement has emerged in USA. However, the implementation of land use planning and control will unavoidable affect the domain of private property rights and the public interests in terms of externality. Although land use planning and control can reduce the negative externality of land development, the limitation on private land will attenuate private property rights and result in the loss of landowners’ property rights and land value. The Private Property Rights Movement arises so as to pursue a reasonable protection of property rights and to have an equal treatment under land use control. From the society viewpoint, land use control is employed to modify the market failure so as to reduce the negative externality and increase positive externality, but the implementation of tighter land use control means that the landowners’ property rights are redefined and attenuated. That how far is too far is always a controversy and lead to the emergence of two opposite movements i.e. the Growth Management Movement and The Private Property Rights Movement. This study intends to investigate the concept of and to analyze the influence factors of both movements so as to use a mirror for Taiwan’s land use planning and control which assigns and reassigns the property rights of land.
2

台灣地區農地變更使用制度之研究 / A Study On the Conversion System of Farmland in Taiwan

林紀玫, Lin, Chi Mei Unknown Date (has links)
動態的社會中,由於都市成長、經濟發展及所得增加等結果,必然引起法 定土地使用計畫變更之需求,而導致原有使用分區及收益性較低之農地編 定變更。然由於農地的變更係一不能反轉的投資(Irreinvestment),故於 兼顧其他產業之發展與需求時,對農地變更使用宜有嚴謹的管制措施,俾 維護整體農業資源的完整。本研究基於土地使用承繼理論與成長管理理念 ,對現行台灣地區農地變更使用概況進行分析,並進一步對現行農地變更 使用管制及農地變更使用權益調整規定加以檢討,發現農地變更使用法制 規定的確存有若干待改進之處。而為了解現行法制背景下農地變更使用之 影響,以台北縣蘆洲鄉及二省道新莊市中港厝段與泰山鄉泰山段為個案, 分析農地合法與非法變更之影響,結果發現法制規定的不完備,使得無論 合法或非法之變更對於農業經營產生負面之作用,且造成權益不均之現象 。基於對農地變更使用法制規定及個案影響分析之結果,對台灣地區農地 變更使用制度,建議由農地變更使用之法制面、權益面及執行面予以改進 ,並擬具相關之配合措施,以為未來農地變更使用制度改進之建議。
3

以成長管理策略指導土地開發之研究

闕志峰 Unknown Date (has links)
台灣地區數十年來隨著社會經濟的快速發展,都市計畫地區內之人口數,自民國50年以來,平均每年約以7.45%的速度增加。為了滿足日益增加的都市人口活動需求,故需不斷地在有限的都市土地資源上進行開發活動。然而,由於在規劃、組織、管制等方面的不周延,導致土地開發常缺乏計畫性指導原則,產生例如交通擁擠、環境污染、公共設施與開放空間的不足、生態環境的破壞等許多不同性質的問題,而無法真正健全都市的發展,對於都市型態與都市機能亦產生許多的負面效果。 本研究以台灣地區目前公部門常實施之市地重劃與區段徵收為例,藉由文獻資料的整理分析與問卷深入訪談的方式,探討相關的政府承辦人員及專家學者們對於上述兩種土地開發方式所產生的土地開發問題性質之看法。期以美國成長管理理念為基礎,並透過管理的規劃、組織、指導、管制四大功能的分析,提出成長管理策略與相關配合措施之建議,俾指導土地開發活動的進行得以滿足促進都市發展,健全都市機能的目標。 本研究基於上述的理念,對於市地重劃與區段徵收所產生之土地開發問題的分析,研擬適當的成長管理策略,作為政府在土地開發管理上的參考。首先在規劃方面應建立明確的土地開發原則,配合相關技術工具的實行,以指導土地開發活動的進行;在組織方面應加強各相關單位之協調整合;在管制方面則是擬定適當的管制性計畫並透過電腦技術的運用,監測與掌控土地開發的速度與都市發展、公共設施之間的配合;在指導方面則是須有效整合土地開發各相關單位之意見及解決其發生之衝突,清楚界定土地開發相關單位間的權責以達成彼此間的共識。此外,亦須加強民眾在土地開發過程中的參與機制,以爭取民眾的支持而減少土地開發所受到的阻力。 / For decades, Taiwan has experienced rapid social and economic development. Since 1961, the population has increased about 7.45 percent annually in the urban planned districts. In order to accommodate the increasing urban population and activities, it has to develop scarce land resources. However, weakness in existing planning systems, government structure, policy context, and control strategies for managing development and growth has led to many problems, such as traffic congestion, environmental pollution, public facility provision, open space deficiency, and ecological environment destruction. Those problems produce negative impacts on urban development, urban pattern, and urban firnction. Based upon the functions of management, such as planning, organizing, leading, and controlling, this study investigates the problems of urban development in Taiwan, particular in the development by urban land consolidation and zone expropriation programs. The approaches of literature review and questionnaire are adopted in order to understand deeply the problems of land development in Taiwan. Furthermore, the strategies of growth management of American experiences are discussed. Finally, some practical suggestions for land development in Taiwan are presented. This thesis explores the background of existing problems related to urban land consolidation and zone expropriation programs and develop workable growth management strategies and suggestions. First, in planning aspect, government should establish clear land development principles associated with relative technical tools to guide development which is satisfactory in timing, location, and quantity. Second, in organizing aspects, government should bring more about integration and coordination among relative institutions to yield administrative efficiency. Third, as for controlling aspects, government should develop feasible land use plans and apply the computer techniques for monitoring land development pace and service level. Fourth, in leading aspects, government should regulate the clear responsibilities among relevant institutions and resolve the possible conflicts to bring more about consensus. Finally, government should strengthen citizen participation in the land development process to win public support.
4

台北都會區空間發展型態變遷趨勢與原因之研究 / A study on the trend and causes of spatial development pattern change in the Taipei Metropolitan Area

徐國城, Hsu, Kuo Cheng Unknown Date (has links)
台北都會區在人口與產業成長帶動之土地需求,加以市中心高房價壓力之影響下,郊區化現象儼然成型。然而,此過程若欠缺發展區位調控與土地使用效率之考量,將容易形塑出低密度、破碎化與蛙躍的空間蔓延發展型態,而導致都市機能、土地使用、交通運輸、公部門財政與環境等層面之負面衝擊。緣此,本研究旨在探討台北都會區郊區化的演變過程中,空間發展型態之變遷特徵與趨勢,確認其是否出現蔓延發展現象,並剖析其空間地景結構之形塑原因,最後研提都會區空間發展型態之再結構機制,期能作為相關主管機關進行都會區發展政策、區域計畫或都市計畫通盤檢討,以及縣市綜合發展計畫研擬之參考。 據此,本研究首先藉由衛星影像圖資與地理資訊系統的輔助,以發展密度與地景生態指數之整合評估途徑,建構台北都會區空間發展型態的衡量模式,透過1991、2001與2006年都會區蔓延指數之編製與解讀,分析15年間的空間發展型態變遷趨勢與特徵;其次,建立影響都會區空間發展型態演變之因素評估體系,運用模糊德爾菲法、複迴歸模型與多項羅吉特模型,剖析都會區發展樣貌變化之形塑原因;並據以研提台北都會區空間發展型態之再結構機制。透過此研究脈絡之探討,獲得之發現與重要結論,茲分述如下。 一、台北都會區在15年間的平均蔓延指數上升了6.83%,且在郊區化過程中,呈現反向發展路徑之蔓延與緊密空間型態趨向,其中,蔓延發展路徑由台北市東側、南側之內湖區、南港區與文山區為起點,往東擴張至汐止市、基隆市與瑞芳鎮,往南擴張至新店市;緊密發展路徑則由都會區西側之鶯歌鎮、樹林市、泰山鄉與林口鎮等地區與桃園縣相接連,另由台北市北側的士林區與北投區擴張至北邊之八里鄉、淡水鎮、三芝鄉、萬里鄉與金山鄉等地區。 二、根據複迴歸模型之校估結果,計有7項因素對台北都會區在1991至2006年間的整體空間發展型態演變造成顯著影響。其中,「平均房價變化率」、「由地方政府審議的非都市土地變更案面積之成長率」、「與都會區發展中心的距離」、「火車站個數」與「快速道路匝道或高速公路交流道個數之成長率」對於整體空間之蔓延發展趨勢造成正向影響;「捷運場站個數」則對於整體空間之蔓延發展趨勢造成負向影響。 三、綜結台北都會區空間發展型態演變特徵,可歸納出四類相異發展趨勢地域。進一步由多項羅吉特模型之校估結果可發現,「人口變化率」對「發展飽和且無顯著變化之中心地域」的形塑具有顯著負向影響,「捷運場站個數」與「已開闢之公園綠地面積成長率」則對其具有正向顯著影響;「人口變化率」與「捷運場站個數」對「發展變動明顯之趨向緊密地域」具有顯著正向影響;「由地方政府審議之非都市土地變更案面積成長率」、「快速道路匝道或高速公路交流道個數成長率」與「重大公共建設計畫面積成長率」對「發展變動明顯之趨向蔓延地域」之形塑產生顯著正向影響,「與都會區發展中心的距離」則對其具有顯著負向影響; 四、綜結台北都會區空間發展型態演變的特徵與造成原因,本研究在落實成長管理理念之原則下,研擬空間發展型態之再結構機制,在「集約、適居之台北都會區空間發展機制」的願景下,提出社會經濟產業效率成長、土地資源合理配置、空間區位調和發展、交通運輸與土地使用整合、公共投資建設合理規劃等五大發展面向,並據以研擬12項落實策略與26項行動方案。可供作相關主管機關進行區域計畫、都市計畫通盤檢討、縣市綜合發展計畫與土地使用管制規範調整之參考。
5

都市土地開發衝擊費之研究 / A Study of Urban Land Development Impact Fees

陳福進, Chen, Fu Chin Unknown Date (has links)
由於人口快速成長使得土地開發行為頻繁,都市在面臨土地開發不公平與無效率,以及可預見未來都市建設財政更行拮据的情況下,提昇都市環境品質的理想似乎遙不可及,因此,針對都市土地開發所面臨的課題,如何建立一套公共設施費用負擔的制度,實刻不容緩。而美國地方政府所實施之土地開發衝擊費制度為都市成長管理之一種策略,隱含都市成長付費及使用者付費理念,似可引入我國都市土地開發系統中,此乃本研究之出發點。   本研究之進行,主要針對都市土地開發過程中,透過相關理論、制度探討,從其中檢討開發管制之缺失,並介紹美國土地開發衝擊費制度實施經驗,以其為基礎建立都市成長付費應有之觀念和原則。同時,並透過影響地方公共支出之各種因素分析及市鄉鎮長問卷調查,瞭解人口規模對公共支出的影響效果及市鄉鎮長對土地開發衝擊費之態度。最後,從公平、效率、財政及行政的觀點,探討其在臺灣地區實施之可行性。   在問卷調查的結果上,市鄉鎮財政明顯困難,且強烈希望有獨立課稅權;對於課徵土地開發衝擊費則偏向肯定的態度。在公共支出的實證分析上,本研究發現人口規模對地方公共支出有規模經濟與不經濟的現象,其可作為課徵土地開發衝擊費之基礎,而已達規模不經濟之都市,為較適合的實施對象。   在可行性分析上,本研究認為必須以立法依據為先決條件,透過合理關聯之計算、具有公信力之仲裁,以及會計支出之有效規範,才能使該制度順推動。 / Rapid population growth results in frequent land development. Improvement of the quality of urban environment seems to be a remote dream due to the unfair and inefficient urban land development and insufficient urban construction expenditures. In this connection, when facing urban land development problem, establishment of a system of sharing the expenditure of public facility construction warrants no delay. The land development impact fees implemented in the local government of the U.S., being a strategy of urban growth management embodies the idea of paying for growth and user charge. This measure deserves to be introduced into our urban land development system for reference and this is also the main starting-point of this study.   In the process of this study,its main stress is focused on evaluation of the drawbacks of development control through related and system and introduction of development impact fees system and implementing experience of the U.S.land development into ours. On the basis of that system and experience,the idea of paying for growth and user charge can be established.At the same time, through the analysis of factories of factories affecting local public expenditure and the investigations on questionnaires of chiefs,mayors and magistrates of cities and counties,the impact of population scale on local public expenditures and attitude of these mayors and magistrates toward the land development impact fees can be understood. Finally, whether the above-mentioned U.S.system can be implemented in our country can be examined through fairness, efficiency,financial and administrative points of views.   In the results of questionnaires, financial difficulty and strong intentions on independent tax-levying authority were expressed by city and villages.They also expressed a positive attitude of levying the development impact fees.When analyzing the actual case of public expenditures,this study finds out that population scale can results in economics of scale and diseconomics of scale in local public expenditures. This can be served as the basis of levying of land development impact fees and those cities of diseconomies will be suited for implementation.   In the analysis on its feasibility,this study considers that the legislation is prerequisite and this system can be implemented through rational nexus calculation, a credit arbitration and defective regulation of accounting expenditure.

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