As the society becomes more internationalized and companies spread operations to multiple locations in different countries, there is a growing need for systems that can link information between different company departments and make it available for users at any time. Over the years, companies have used several information systems for different business activities and purposes, but due to complexity and high costs, a need for an integrated platform has emerged. A system that can connect different business functions within a company, and at the same time link systems owned by customers and suppliers through modern technology is an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. Today, management control may be regarded as an information intensive company process where managers can improve control by working with relevant and accurate information. An ERP system represents a natural bearer of that information, and because of that, it becomes interesting to analyze the effects on management control when its fundamentals (the ERP system) change. As previous publications mostly have examined organizational changes and effects of ERP implementations from a more general perspective, the authors realize a need for addressing ERP systems in relation to management control. Though prior research indicates that implementation of ERP systems have affect on management control, there is still uncertainty how it may be affected. The aim for this study is therefore to create understanding of how a major change such as an ERP implementation may affect management control by causing changes among supporting roles and activities. In order to achieve the purpose for this work, the authors have exemplified an ERP implementation through a case study of a manufacturing company implementing Electronic Invoice Processing (EIP) as a part of a larger ERP change. By using a scientific research approach characterized by an iterative process that moves between theory and empiricism, some valuable outcomes can be drawn from the analyzed case material. These outcomes become in the end target for a broad interpretation of roles, activities, and how changes among them may affect management control on a more generalized ERP level. Analyzing the case, the authors have been able to identify three distinctive roles that may be affected by an ERP implementation; the Executor, the Supervisor, and the Supporter. These three roles have been found to carry out five prime activities; Information Assembling, Information Verification, Information Registration, Information Presentation, and Information Storing. Finally, the changes and altering of focus between these roles and activities were found to potentially affect management control positively through five prime aspects; Timeliness, Accuracy, Accessibility, Richness, and Control.

Περιλαμβάνονται όλες οι διαδικασίες ποιοτικού ελεγχου σε ένα σύγχρονο σύστημα πλάνου θεραπείας (treatment planning) τρισδιάστατης σύμμορφης ακτινοθεραπείας (3D-CRT). Θα αναφερθούμε στην χρησιμότητα του ποιοτικού ελέγχου των συστημάτων απεικόνισης που σχετίζονται με την ακτινοθεραπεία και έπειτα θα κατηγοριοποιήσουμε και αναλύσουμε τις κατηγορίες ελέγχου ενός σύγχρονου συστήματος πλάνου θεραπείας. Στο τέλος θα αναφερθούμε στις τακτικές δοκιμές ποιοτικού ελέγχου, ώστε να διασφαλιστεί ο συνεχής έλεγχος πιθανών σφαλμάτων και η σωστή λειτουργία όλου του συστήματος. Προτού συνεχίσουμε, θα πρέπει να αναφέρουμε την χρησιμότητα ύπαρξης ενός πρωτοκόλλου μεταφοράς ιατρικών εικόνων, καθώς η μεταφορά ιατρικών εικόνων έχει άμεση συνάφεια με το QA των σύγχρονων συστημάτων πλάνου θεραπείας. / The procedures that are involved in quality assurance for a 3D conformal radiotherapy treatment planning system.

Informacinių technologijų srityje tvarkaraščių projektavimo sistemos nėra naujas dalykas, tačiau sistemos turi būti projektuojamos atsižvelgiant tiek į bendrus, tiek į individulius poreikius kiekvienai švietimo įstaigai. Norint pradėti projektuoti sistemą riekia žinoti kokį rezultatą norime gauti ir parinkti priemones reikalingas sistemai kurti. Kokia kalba bus sistema projektuojama, kaip bus kuriama duomenų bazė ir kokie duomenys bus įvedami, kaip jie bus saugomi, keičiami., kokios bus programos galimybės. Gauti norimą rezultatą padėjo formacija apie jau egzistuojančias panašias tvarkaraščių programas, jų privalumus bei trūkumus. Informacija apie projekto užsakovą, jo poreikius ir reikalavimus padės optimaliai spręsti iškeltą uždavin��. / The goal of this work is to create Scheduling and Course Planning System which should help to organize courses and make timetables in more convenient, simple and effective way. This system should satisfy the requirements of lecturers and students. The system should be able to keep initial data necessary for generation of diagrams and reports. The initial data can be modified by the users of this system.

O tratamento de câncer possui diversas modalidades. Uma delas é a utilização de fontes de radiação como principal protagonista do tratamento. A radioterapia e a medicina nuclear são exemplos desse tipo de tratamento. Por utilizarem a radiação ionizante como principal ferramenta para a terapia, há a necessidade de se efetuar diversas simulações do tratamento a fim de maximizar a dose nos tecidos tumorais sem ultrapassar os limites de dose nos tecidos sadios circunvizinhos. Os sistemas utilizados na simulação desses tipos de terapia recebem o nome de Sistemas de Planejamento Dosimétrico. A medicina nuclear e a radioterapia possuem seus próprios sistemas de planejamento dosimétricos devido a grande diversidade das informações necessárias às suas simulações. Os sistemas de planejamento em radioterapia são mais consolidados do que os de medicina nuclear e por tal motivo um sistema que aborde tanto os casos de radioterapia como de medicina nuclear contribuiria para significativos avanços na área de medicina nuclear. Dessa forma, o objetivo do trabalho foi modelar um Sistema de Planejamento Dosimétrico com o uso do código de Monte Carlo MCNP6 Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code que permitisse incorporar os casos de radioterapia e medicina nuclear e que fosse extensível a novos tipos de tratamentos. A modelagem desse sistema resultou na construção de um Framework, orientado a objetos, nomeado IBMC o qual auxilia no desenvolvimento de sistemas de planejamento que necessitam interpretar grandes quantidades de informações com o objetivo de escrever o arquivo base do MCNP6. O IBMC permitiu desenvolver de maneira rápida e prática sistemas de planejamento para radioterapia e medicina nuclear e os resultados foram validados com sistemas já consolidados. Ele também mostrou alto potencial para desenvolver sistemas de planejamento de novos tipos de tratamentos que utilizam a radiação ionizante. / Cancer therapy has many branches and one of them is the use of radiation sources as treatment leading method. Radiotherapy and nuclear medicine are examples of these treatment types. For using the ionization radiation as main tool for the therapy, there is the need of crafting many treatment simulation in order to maximum the tumoral tissue dose without throught the dose limit in health tissue surrounding. Treatment planning systems (TPS) are systems which have the purpose of simulating these therapy types. Nuclear medicine and radiotherapy have many distinct features linked to the therapy mode and consequently they have different TPS destined for each. The radiotherapy TPS is more developed than the nuclear medicine TPS and by that reason the development of a TPS that was similar to the radiotherapy TPS, but enough generic for include other therapy types, it will contribute with significant advances in nuclear medicine and in others therapy types with radiation. Based on this, the goal of work was to model a TPS that utilizes the Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport code (MCNP6) in order to simulate radiotherapy therapy, nuclear medicine therapy and with potential for simulating other therapy types too. The result of this work was the creation of a Framework in Java language, objectoriented, named IBMC which will assist in the development of new TPS with MCNP6 code. The IBMC allowed to develop rapidly and easily TPS for radiotherapy and nuclear medicine and the results were validated with systems already consolidated. The IBMC showed high potential for developing TPS by new therapy types.

A importância da Telessaúde no âmbito da medicina propagou-se de forma exponencial, demonstrando capacidade de maximizar resultados, sendo utilizada rapidamente na área de Fonoaudiologia, podendo ser denominada de Telefonoaudiologia. Os resultados nesta área tornaram-se produtivos, possibilitando educação continuada mediada por tecnologia aos profissionais e disponibilizando atendimentos aos usuários que se encontram distantes dos centros médicos, tanto para realização de diagnósticos quanto para tratamento. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo desenvolver um instrumento para criar linhas de orientação das pesquisas dos projetos elaborados pelos docentes do Departamento de Fonoaudiologia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru na área de Telessaúde, para identificar os pontos fortes e fracos destes projetos, como também as possíveis causas. Para isso, inicialmente foi aplicado um questionário específico, abordando quatro competências distintas: administrativa, tecnológica, financeira e de sustentabilidade. A pesquisa identificou que 11 docentes do Departamento de Fonoaudiologia desenvolviam projetos na área de Telessaúde. Dessa forma, os mesmos foram entrevistados para a aplicação do questionário, cujos resultados foram inseridos em planilha específica, analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e interpretados com a aplicação da Matriz SWOT, que possibilitou identificar os pontos fortes e pontos fracos dos projetos. Além disso, foi utilizado o Diagrama de Ishikawa para identificar os efeitos observados e posteriormente a identificação das causas. A interpretação dos resultados obtidos por meio da análise de trinta e dois projetos possibilitou verificar que o desempenho produtivo está concentrado na competência administrativa, também denominada de pontos fortes, obtidos a partir da pontuação máxima de 1034 pontos (87,33%) em relação ao total de pontos. Foram constatados como pontos fortes a missão do projeto, a qualidade das informações, os canais de comunicação e os benefícios proporcionados aos usuários, tendo como principais causas a utilização de multimeios específicos, a educação continuada, a quantidade de informações disponibilizadas e o comprometimento do capital humano. Em relação aos pontos fracos dos projetos de Telessaúde, constatou-se que a competência de sustentabilidade apresentou uma pontuação de 250 pontos (65,10%), indicando como fatores negativos a ausência de especialização da mão de obra em determinadas etapas do projeto, a falta de atualização de hardware e software, a exclusão digital dos usuários e a obsolescência do projeto. As principais causas desses pontos fracos estão concentradas na dificuldade de suporte técnico, profissionais para divulgação e treinamento, estratégias de marketing e a manutenção dos projetos desenvolvidos. Conclui-se que os pontos fortes estão concentrados na competência administrativa, sendo que o domínio desta competência proporciona a elaboração de planejamentos estratégicos, criando ações para tornar as instituições mais produtivas e competitivas. Os pontos fracos dos projetos estão identificados na competência de sustentabilidade, necessitando de ações específicas para diminuir os efeitos negativos durante a execução destes projetos pelos seus responsáveis. A pesquisa mostrou que o domínio dos pontos fortes e pontos fracos dos projetos, associados a especialização do capital humano, a maximização do tempo e a atualização dos recursos digitais são insumos importantes para ampliar os benefícios dos projetos de Telessaúde, rumo a vantagem competitiva organizacional. / Telehealth is a most important subject in medicine department because it shows how to maximize results and how to be used by Speech Therapy, being called Telepractice in Speech. Results in this area have become productive. It allows to professionals continued education mediated by technology and treatment or diagnostic by distance to users of medical centers. This work aim to develop a tool that would be able to create project research sides elaborated by teachers relationed to Fonoaudiologia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru in Telehealth field. Thus, strengths and weak points and their causes and effects would be identified. First of all, a specific questionary was applied which addressed four topics: administrative, technological, financial and sustainability. The research identified that 11 teachers have been a project in Telehealth area. These teachers were interviewed to questionary application and its results were inserted in a specific spreadsheet. They were analyzed through descriptive statistics and interpreted by SWOT analysis that allows identify strengths and weak points present in projects. Besides, Ishikawa diagram was used to identify effects and, after that, causes. There were 32 projects. After analysis, it was verified that productive performance is focused in administrative skill, also called strengths which effect was acquired through maxim punctuation of 1034 points (87.33 per cent). It was checked many strengths such as project mission, information quality, communication channels and their benefits to users, being their causes using specific technologies, continued education, quantities of disponibilized information and human capital commitment. In relation to weak points, it was verified that sustainability skill presented 250 points (65.10 per cent), showing negative facts such as missing specialization work force in some phases of projects, missing actualized hardware and software, user digital exclusion and project obsolescence. These weak points are focused by difficulties to get technical support, professionals for releasing and training, marketing strategies and manutention of developed projects. In conclusion, it is known that strengths are focused in administrative skills because they provide strategic planning elaboration, creating actions to organization become more productive and competitive. Weak points are identified in sustainability skill, needing specific actions to decrease negative effects during project execution by responsible professionals. This research showed that weak points and strengths and human capital, time increasing and actualized digital resources are important inputs to extend Telehealth project benefits, intending to organization advantage competitive.

Background The importance of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems is that they redesign organizational processes and structure. The new knowledge embedded in the ERP systems induces substantial changes in the businesses which adopt ERP systems. Furthermore, ERP implementations are socially complex and knowledge-intensive activities as several companies may be involved in a single ERP project and intensive knowledge transfer among these companies is vital for the success of the implementation projects. Purpose To date limited amount of research has been performed in the area of knowledge transfer in ERP implementations. My study answered the following questions: 1. What is the effect of the transfer of knowledge that is associated with ERP implementations? 2. What (if any) knowledge transfer barriers have been identified during the ERP implementation process? 3. What types of activities did the firms initiate to enable the knowledge transfer during the ERP implementation process? Method My research consisted of theoretical and empirical parts. Theoretical part entailed a thorough review of current literature on the ERP systems and knowledge management. Adopting a phenomenological approach I next collected the primary data through interviews and surveys with experts in the ERP implementation projects. Results I have described the area of knowledge transfer within ERP implementation projects and identified connections between ERP implementations and organizational learning. I have also uncovered and analyzed the origins of a number of factors that potentially inhibit or enable the knowledge transfer within implementation projects. I was able to connect the theoretical part of the thesis with empirical data and gained a comprehensive understanding of the phenomena at hand. Major barriers to the knowledge transfer stem from the tacit nature of the knowledge itself and the lack of social relationships within the various stakeholders. Activities organizations engage in are ‘knowledge conversion’ and relationships facilitation within the project team.

PhD. (Computer Science) / Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are implemented within organisations to enable them to work more efficiently and enhance productivity. They also ensure that different levels of information are available to managers within the organisation for strategic and tactical decision-making. The implementation of ERP systems is often associated with great costs, they are resource intensive and cover the whole organisation. The implementation of ERP systems is perceived as a project that often fails owing to overrun on cost and time. The return on investment (ROI) is also often questioned once an ERP system has been implemented, since the organisation does not always see the benefits of the ERP system versus the effort and cost of implementing it. The purpose of this thesis is twofold: firstly it determines what an ERP system is and whether it can be subdivided into different components. The focus of this section is on the operational side of an ERP system to determine how it is managed and operated within an organisation. The second focus is on the way that ERP systems are implemented and the management that goes hand in hand with this implementation. The first focus area is addressed by developing a model that explains ERP and the different components within it. It describes the interactions between the different components and how the ERP system affects the organisation. This model provides a better understanding of an ERP system and shows the technology to be mature. The second focus area is addressed by a framework that assists organisations in deriving projects from the organisational vision. This ensures that the implementation of an ERP system will directly support the organisation’s vision and strategies. This addresses the issue of determining the value of the ERP system as well as ROI. The framework also provides alternative ways and methods that can be used to implement ERP systems. The value of this research is firstly that it provides a holistic model of what constitutes an ERP system and its effect on the organisation. ERP systems change not only the financial systems, but also the way the organisation operates. They introduce organisational change. The value of the framework is that it can assist organisations in identifying and implementing projects that will enable the implementation of the organisation’s vision and strategies. This will eliminate any favoured projects that are not in support of the organisation’s vision and can save the organisation’s scarce resources that would have been wasted on these projects. The framework can also assist organisations in determining if they must implement an ERP system and what value this implementation will have for the organisation.

No description available.

No description available.

Gröna försörjningskedjor bidrar till att företag tar bättre miljömässiga och hållbara beslut i sin verksamhet och tillsammans med ett välutvecklat ERP-system kan tillverkande företag bli mer konkurrenskraftiga. Digitalisering inom träindustrin sker inte i samma takt som utvecklingen av informationsteknologi, vilket innebär att branschen har en rad utmaningar kopplade till bland annat spårbarhet och utbyte av information.  Studiens syfte är att beskriva och förklara hur ERP-system kan stödja gröna försörjningskedjor inom träindustrin utifrån ett användarperspektiv. Studiens syfte besvaras med hjälp av en kvalitativ ansats där semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts med 5 respondenter samt en dokumentanalys av två verksamheters hållbarhetsrapporter och observation på ett av företagens sågverk.  Utifrån en öppen kodning har studiens empiri framställts i tre övergripande teman vilka är, hållbarhet och miljö, spårbarhet och informationsdelning samt data och kvalitet i affärssystem. Företag inom träindustrin arbetar mot hållbar utveckling inom verksamheten, dels för att kunna besvara marknadens efterfrågan, dels för att bidra till Sveriges möjlighet att uppnå agenda 2030 och FN:s globala mål för hållbar utveckling. Respondenter vittnar om att det är svårt att jobba mot miljömålen i sin specifika roll och hur mycket de jobbar mot det sker i varierande utsträckning. Samtidigt saknas funktioner i systemen för att anställda ska kunna få de rapporter de är i behov av. Idag inhämtas information från olika system och det saknas integrationer mellan databaser och system. Visst arbete sker även med manuell handpåläggning och eller dokumenteras enbart i Excel. Det saknas även möjlighet att spåra produkter genom hela försörjningskedjan. Spårbarhet av certifikat framträder som särskilt viktigt för lyckat miljöarbete inom träindustrin, systemstöd för detta finns men enkelt stöd för spårbarhet genom hela kedjan saknas. Många olika system används idag vilket gör att fördelarna med ERP-system inte syns i det dagliga arbetet. Tillgång till information upplevs generellt som god medan tillvägagångssättet att hitta information kan förenklas. Integrationer mellan system såväl som förbättrad funktionalitet kopplat till rapporter och måluppföljning efterfrågas av användarna. Gröna försörjningskedjor stöds av de existerande systemen i viss utsträckning, studiens resultat tyder dock på att det finns utrymme för vidare utveckling för att uppnå ett bättre anpassat system baserat på användarnas behov