Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:54:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 kohatsu_ds_me_botfca.pdf: 4312398 bytes, checksum: 91e1ff1dd9bac30e33d67d04a04522bd (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de reguladores vegetais nas trocas gasosa durante o desenvolvimento da planta e na qualidade pós-colheita de frutos de melão rendilhado Galileu, armazenados em condições ambiente. A primeira etapa do experimento foi conduzida em estufa para cultivo protegido das plantas de melão, localizada na área experimental da Fazenda Experimental de São Manuel/UNESP, Botucatu, SP. A aplicação dos tratamentos foram realizadas no início da fase reprodutiva, 15 e 30 dias após a primeira aplicação. As medidas de trocas gasosas foram realizadas sempre no período das 8:00 às 11:00 horas da manhã, nas plantas controle e tratadas com os reguladores vegetais, no dia anterior e posterior à aplicação. Ci, A, gs e E foram feitas com um Infra Red Gas Analyser IRGA, modelo LI-6400 da LI-COR. As plantas receberam os tratamentos no campo (T1 controle, T2 GA3 (ácido giberélico) a 100 mg L-1, T3 IBA (ácido indolilbutírico) a 100 mg L-1, T4 cinetina a 100 mg L-1, T5 mistura de GA3 + IBA + cinetina a 5%), os frutos foram colhidos (51 dias após a primeira aplicação) e transportados ao Laboratório de Frutas e Hortaliças, pertencente ao Departamento de Gestão e Tecnologia Agroindustrial/UNESP, Botucatu, SP. Os frutos foram avaliados a cada 5 dias, durante 20 dias de armazenamento. As alterações pós-colheita foram detectadas por meio de análises de perda de massa fresca, firmeza, acidez titulável, pH, sólidos solúveis, relação SS/AT, açúcares totais, redutores e sacarose, atividade das enzimas peroxidase (POD), pectinametilesterase (PME) e poligalacturonase (PG). Os macronutrientes e micronutrientes foram analisados na colheita. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso com o controle e mais quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições que correspondem aos blocos. Nas condições em que o experimento... / This work's objective was to evaluate the effects of plant growth regulators on gas exchange during plant development and on post harvest quality of Galileu cantaloupes stored at conditions atmosphere. The first stage of the assay was conducted in a greenhouse (protected cultivation of cantaloupe plants), in the experimental area of São Manuel's Experimental Farm/UNESP, Botucatu, SP. The treatments were applied in the beginning of the reproductive stage, and 15 and 30 days after the first application. Gas exchange measurements were performed from 0800 to 1100 a.m, both in control plants and plants treated with plant growth regulators, on the previous and subsequent day from application. Ci, A, gs, and E were evaluated with a LI-COR model LI-6400 Infra Red Gas Analyzer - IRGA. The cantaloupe plants were treated in the field (T1 controls, T2 GA3 (gibberellic acid) 100 mg L-1, T3 IBA (indolebutyric acid) 100 mg L-1, T4- kinetin 100 mg L-1, T5- GA3 + IBA + kinetin mixture at 5%), and fruits were harvest (51 days after the first application) and transported to the Fruits and Vegetables Laboratory of Departamento de Gestão e Tecnologia Agroindustrial/UNESP, Botucatu, SP. The fruits were evaluated every 5 days during a 20-day storage period. Alterations in post harvest quality were detected through analyses comprising fresh weight loss, firmness, titratable acidity, pH, soluble solids, SS/TA ratio, total sugars, reduced sugars and sucrose, and activity of the enzymes peroxidase (POD), pectin methylesterase (PME), and polygalacturonase (PG). Macronutrients and micronutrients were analyzed at harvest time. The statistical design consisted of randomized blocks including a control, in addition to four treatments and four replicates that corresponded to blocks. Under the conditions in which the experiment was conducted, the results allow us to... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-06-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:24:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pereira_ga_dr_ilha.pdf: 676017 bytes, checksum: 076edefb20fc0b9ca3fe2971dd3db42e (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A evolução da bananicultura brasileira foi possível em virtude dos progressos obtidos no que se refere à disponibilidade de material genético diversificado, à disponibilidade de mudas sadias e de boa qualidade genética, às práticas culturais de manejo pré e pós-colheita, às técnicas fitossanitárias desenvolvidas, às técnicas de nutrição e de irrigação, e à melhoria do nível técnico e organizacional do bananicultor brasileiro. Métodos de propagação, como a micropropagação in vitro, vêm sendo desenvolvidos e aperfeiçoados, para elevar a taxa de multiplicação em curto espaço de tempo e melhorar a qualidade das mudas. O processo de micropropagação é realizado em fases, sendo estas a escolha da planta matriz, desinfestação do material, estabelecimento, multiplicação enraizamento e aclimatação das mudas. Objetivou-se com este trabalho estabelecer um protocolo de micropropagação de explantes de bananeira ‘Thap maeo’, envolvendo as etapas de desinfestação utilizando concentrações de cloro ativo e os antibióticos ampicilina sódica e cloranfenicol, multiplicação estudando concentraçoes de citocininas como o 6-Benzilaminopurina (BAP) e Cinetina e no enraizamento in vitro verificando concentrações de auxinas como o Ácido Indol Butírico (AIB) e o Ácido Naftaleno Acético (ANA). Concluiu-se que a concentração de 2% de cloro ativo proporcionou redução de 92% e 88% respectivamente para bactérias e fungos. Para os antibióticos ampicilina sódica e cloranfenicol a concentração de 20 mg L-1 reduziu em 70% de desinfestação de bactérias e fungos. Quando se utilizou os reguladores vegetais, BAP e cinetina, o maior numero de brotos obtido foi na concentração foi de 4mg L-1 conseguindo em média 3,8 brotos por explantes no 4o subcultivo. Para o enraizamento in vitro a concentração de 4,0 mg L-1 de AIB apresentou melhor resultado com 3,2 raizes por broto / The evolution of Brazilian banana was possible because of progress in relation to the availability of diverse genetic material, the availability of healthy seedlings and good quality genetics, cultural practices of management and post-harvest phytosanitary techniques developed techniques, nutrition and irrigation, and improving the technical and organizational bananicultor Brazil. Propagation methods, such as in vitro micropropagation, have been developed and improved to increase the multiplication rate in a short time and improve the quality of seedlings. The acclimatization process is performed in phases, these being the choice of the mother plant, disinfection equipment, establishment, multiplication, rooting and acclimatization of the seedlings. The objective of this study establish a protocol for micropropagation of banana explants 'Thap Maeo', involving the steps of disinfection using chlorine concentrations and antibiotic ampicillin sodium and chloramphenicol, multiplication studying concentrations of cytokinins like 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP ) and Kinetin and in vitro rooting checking concentrations of auxin and Indole Butyric acid (IBA) and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA). It was concluded that the 2% concentration provided a reduction of active chlorine of 92% and 88% respectively for bacteria and fungi. For the antibiotics sodium ampicillin and chloranphenicol concentration of 20 mg.L-1 reduced by 70% of disinfection of bacteria and fungi. When using the plant growth regulators, BAP and kinetin, the highest number of shoots was obtained on concentration was 4 mg L -1 achieving an average of 3,8 shoots per explant in the 4th subculture. For rooting in vitro concentration of 4.0 mg L-1 IBA showed the best result with 3,2 roots per shoot

Orientador: Aparecida Conceição Boliani / Banca: Luiz de Souza Corrêa / Banca: Enes Furlani Junior / Banca: Fernando Alves de Azevedo / Banca: José Carlos Cavichioli / Resumo: A evolução da bananicultura brasileira foi possível em virtude dos progressos obtidos no que se refere à disponibilidade de material genético diversificado, à disponibilidade de mudas sadias e de boa qualidade genética, às práticas culturais de manejo pré e pós-colheita, às técnicas fitossanitárias desenvolvidas, às técnicas de nutrição e de irrigação, e à melhoria do nível técnico e organizacional do bananicultor brasileiro. Métodos de propagação, como a micropropagação in vitro, vêm sendo desenvolvidos e aperfeiçoados, para elevar a taxa de multiplicação em curto espaço de tempo e melhorar a qualidade das mudas. O processo de micropropagação é realizado em fases, sendo estas a escolha da planta matriz, desinfestação do material, estabelecimento, multiplicação enraizamento e aclimatação das mudas. Objetivou-se com este trabalho estabelecer um protocolo de micropropagação de explantes de bananeira 'Thap maeo', envolvendo as etapas de desinfestação utilizando concentrações de cloro ativo e os antibióticos ampicilina sódica e cloranfenicol, multiplicação estudando concentraçoes de citocininas como o 6-Benzilaminopurina (BAP) e Cinetina e no enraizamento in vitro verificando concentrações de auxinas como o Ácido Indol Butírico (AIB) e o Ácido Naftaleno Acético (ANA). Concluiu-se que a concentração de 2% de cloro ativo proporcionou redução de 92% e 88% respectivamente para bactérias e fungos. Para os antibióticos ampicilina sódica e cloranfenicol a concentração de 20 mg L-1 reduziu em 70% de desinfestação de bactérias e fungos. Quando se utilizou os reguladores vegetais, BAP e cinetina, o maior numero de brotos obtido foi na concentração foi de 4mg L-1 conseguindo em média 3,8 brotos por explantes no 4o subcultivo. Para o enraizamento in vitro a concentração de 4,0 mg L-1 de AIB apresentou melhor resultado com 3,2 raizes por broto / Abstract: The evolution of Brazilian banana was possible because of progress in relation to the availability of diverse genetic material, the availability of healthy seedlings and good quality genetics, cultural practices of management and post-harvest phytosanitary techniques developed techniques, nutrition and irrigation, and improving the technical and organizational bananicultor Brazil. Propagation methods, such as in vitro micropropagation, have been developed and improved to increase the multiplication rate in a short time and improve the quality of seedlings. The acclimatization process is performed in phases, these being the choice of the mother plant, disinfection equipment, establishment, multiplication, rooting and acclimatization of the seedlings. The objective of this study establish a protocol for micropropagation of banana explants 'Thap Maeo', involving the steps of disinfection using chlorine concentrations and antibiotic ampicillin sodium and chloramphenicol, multiplication studying concentrations of cytokinins like 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP ) and Kinetin and in vitro rooting checking concentrations of auxin and Indole Butyric acid (IBA) and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA). It was concluded that the 2% concentration provided a reduction of active chlorine of 92% and 88% respectively for bacteria and fungi. For the antibiotics sodium ampicillin and chloranphenicol concentration of 20 mg.L-1 reduced by 70% of disinfection of bacteria and fungi. When using the plant growth regulators, BAP and kinetin, the highest number of shoots was obtained on concentration was 4 mg L -1 achieving an average of 3,8 shoots per explant in the 4th subculture. For rooting in vitro concentration of 4.0 mg L-1 IBA showed the best result with 3,2 roots per shoot / Doutor

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Two groups of plant growth regulators (PGRs), seaweed extract and triazole chemical, have been used in turfgrass management for improving turf quality and strengthening turfgrass tolerance to environmental stress. In order to understand the physiological functions and stress-tolerance mechanisms of the PGRs on turfgrass, a series of studies were conducted with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Ryegrass was treated with or without propiconazole (PPC) (1-( (2-(2,4- dichlorophenyl)-4-propyl-l,3-dioxolan-2yl)methyl) IH-l,2,4-triazole) and a proprietary fortified seaweed extract (FSE), which were combined with or without drought and salinity stress treatment. Total lipids, fatty acid composition of polar lipids, and total free and conjugated sterols were determined by the thin layer chromatograph, gas chromatograph, and scanner densitometer. This study indicates that ppe and FSE affected the unsaturation of polar lipid fatty acids and concentration of free sterols, which are major factors in changing cell membrane fluidity and permeability. The PGR-induced alteration of cell membrane lipid composition could be an adaptive process to protect plant membrane function under drought and salinity stresses. However, the metabolic effects of PPC and FSE may be different. It was found that PPC had a strong inl1uence on unsaturation of polar lipid fatty acids, whereas FSE had a strong effect on free sterol concentration. Furthermore, a radish cotyledon expansion bioassay analysis showed that the FSE had cytokinin or cytokinin-like activity and could stimulate endogenous cytokinins in ryegrass, whereas an inhibition of cell expansion was seen in PPC-treated plants. The possibility of using the PGRs to reduce fertilizer requirements was also studied. A higher uptake efficiency of most essential elements was found in PPC and FSE-treated Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) than in the control (without PGR treatments). This effect was greater at lower than at higher fertilization levels. The utilization efficiency of some major nutrient elements also was higher in PPC and FSE-treated bluegrass than in the control. The possibility of reducing fertilization by PGR application is positive. / Ph. D.

Plant growth regulators (PGR's) including metsulfuron plus mefluidide at 10 plus 140 g ha⁻¹, chlorsulfuron plus mefluidide at 20 plus 140 g ha⁻¹, imazethapyr plus imazapyr at 67.5 plus 2.5, 96.4 plus 3.6, and 115.7 plus 4.3 g ha⁻¹, ACP 2100 at 60, 120, and 180 g ha⁻¹, and DPX L5300 plus mefluidide at 10 plus 140, 20 plus 140, and 70 plus 140 g ha⁻¹ were applied to ‘KY 31’ tall fescue (<i>Festuca arundinacea</i> Schreb.). All rates of imazethapyr plus imazapyr, ACP 2100, and chlorsulfuron plus mefluidide afforded a significantly higher turf quality than metsulfuron plus mefluidide. ACP 2100 at 120 and 180 g ha⁻¹, imazethapyr plus imazapyr, DPX L5300 plus mefluidide at 70 plus 140 g ha⁻¹, and metsulfuron plus mefluidide gave the most consistent seedhead suppression. When treating seven month old tall fescue, DPX L5300 plus mefluidide did not adequately suppress seedhead elongation. Metsulfuron plus mefluidide, regardless of timing, caused excessive injury. All rates of imazethapyr plus imazapyr and the upper rates of ACP 2100 afforded the best turf quality followed by chlorsulfuron plus mefluidide in 1988 to ‘Rebel’ and both years to ‘KY 31’. Red fescue (<i>Festuca rubra</i> L.) quality was best with chlorsulfuron plus mefluidide and the high rate of DPX L5300 plus mefluidide. All other treatments resulted in a poorer quality turf. For all field studies on all turf types, in general, multiple applications were not practical and often caused excessive injury regardless of timing. Root studies conducted in the greenhouse revealed that with one application, imazethapyr plus imazapyr, ACP 2100, and DPX L5300 plus mefluidide provided root dry weights ranging from 0.5 to 0.7 g, which was greater than metsulfuron plus mefluidide, chlorsulfuron plus mefluidide, and the mowed check which afforded root dry weights of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.2, respectively. With two applications ACP 2100 and DPX L5300 plus mefluidide afforded 350, 1100, 200 and 200% greater root volume than metsulfuron plus mefluidide and chlorsulfuron plus mefluidide and 200, 630, 600 and 600% greater root dry weights. Three applications are not recommended. In laboratory studies using ‘KY 31’ tall fescue, mefluidide enhanced the uptake of ¹⁴C-DPX L5300 after 48 hours by as much as 11% and the translocation of ¹⁴C by 8.4% to the young leaves, 9.3% to the old leaves and 6.1% to the culm. Radioactive material concentrated in the tips of leaves. No significant accumulation of ¹⁴C occurred in the crown or roots. / Ph. D.

Thesis (MSc) -- Stellenbosch University, 1975. / No abstract available