Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T12:59:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 THIAGODEOLIVEIRACARNEVALI.pdf: 760997 bytes, checksum: ad5c76c1e8802bb035ec4d7551dd2064 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-09 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Campomanesia species, Myrtaceae, popularly named of guavira are originated from Brazil, with great abundance in the Cerrado region. The fruits with unique flavor have great economic potential, as in natura foods or in the preparation of sweets, ice cream and homemade liqueurs, being appreciated by the population and are therefore heavily harvested without the worry of maintenance of plants. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of five spacing between plants and the use or no of semi-decomposed chicken manure incorporated into the soil in the biomass production, phenols and flavonoids content, antioxidant activity and in the leaf anatomy of Campomanesia adamantium. The experiment was carried out in the Medicinal Plant Garden, of Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados UFGD, in Dourados-MS, of December, 2006 to February, 2009. Guavira was studied under five spacing between plants in row (0.30; 0.35;0.40; 0.45 and 0.50 m) and in soil with and without semi-decomposed chicken manure incorporated, at a dose of 10 t ha-1. Treatments were arranged as a 5 x 2 factorial, in a randomized block design, with four replications. At 390 days after transplantation was determined the plant height (51.38 cm), stem diameter (8.91 mm) and the average number of leaves plant-1 (150). The longitudinal and transverse diameters of the fruits did not vary with spacing or using the chicken manure and were, on average 17.34 mm fruit-1 and 18.07 mm fruit-1, respectively. The highest number (28.56 fruits plant-1) and greater fresh weight (83.65 g plant-1) of fruit was obtained in the spacing of 0.32 and 0.35 m between plants, respectively, independent of the use of chicken manure. The chicken manure induced a significant increase in phenol content and reduced the flavonoids content and the antioxidant activity of fruit pulp of guavira. The abaxial cuticle thickness (4.11 μm) and adaxial (4.71 μm) and stomatal index (13.70%) of guavira leaves were not influenced by spacing between plants or the use of chicken manure. The chicken manure induced reduction of the thickness of the abaxial and adaxial epidermis of guavira leaves, and induced an increase in thickness of leaf mesophyll and midrib. The spacing of 0.35 m between plants is indicated for the first year of cultivation in the field of guavira for fruit production. / As espécies de Campomanesia, Myrtaceae, têm nome popular de guavira e são originárias do Brasil, com grande abundância na região do Cerrado. Os frutos com sabor singular têm grande potencial econômico, como alimento in natura ou na preparação de doces, sorvetes e licores caseiros, sendo esses apreciados pela população e por isso é intensamente colhido sem a preocupação da manutenção das plantas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de cinco espaçamentos entre plantas e o uso ou não de cama-de-frango semidecomposta incorporada ao solo na produção de biomassa, nos teores de fenóis, flavonóides, atividade antioxidante e na anatomia foliar de Campomanesia adamantium (guavira). O experimento foi conduzido no Horto de Plantas Medicinais - HPM, da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados UFGD, em Dourados-MS, no período de dezembro de 2006 a fevereiro de 2009. Foi estudada a guavira, sob cinco espaçamentos entre plantas na linha (0,30; 0,35; 0,40; 0,45 e 0,50 m) e em solo sem e com cama-de-frango semidecomposta incorporada, na dose de 10 t ha-1. Os tratamentos foram arranjados como fatorial 5 x 2, no delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Aos 390 dias após transplante determinaram-se altura de plantas (51,38 cm), diâmetro do caule (8,91 mm) e o número médio de folhas planta-1 (150). Os diâmetros longitudinais e transversais dos frutos não variaram com os espaçamentos nem com o uso da cama-de-frango e foram, em média, de 17,34 mm fruto-1 e 18,07 mm fruto-1, respectivamente. O maior número (28,56 frutos planta-1) e a maior massa fresca (83,65 g planta-1) dos frutos foram obtidos nos espaçamento de 0,32 e 0,35 m entre plantas, respectivamente, independente do uso ou não da cama-de-frango. A cama-de-frango induziu aumento significativo no teor de fenóis e reduziu o teor de flavonóides e a atividade antioxidante da polpa dos frutos. A espessura da cutícula abaxial (4,11 μm) e adaxial (4,71μm) e o índice estomático (13,70%) das folhas não foram influenciados pelos espaçamentos entre plantas nem pelo uso de cama-de-frango. A cama-de-frango induziu redução das espessuras das epidermes abaxial e adaxial das folhas e aumento nas espessuras do mesofilo foliar e da nervura central. Indica-se para o primeiro ano de cultivo no campo da guavira o espaçamento de 0,35 m entre plantas para se obter maior produção de frutos.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T12:59:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarceloHelmich.pdf: 3424432 bytes, checksum: cefdb0eb8576a731c43704afdc5cf133 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-24 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The aim of this work was to evaluate yield and profitability of Cascudo, Japonês, Chinês and Macaquinho taro clones which were cultivated under two and three rows of plants per plot in a Distroferric Red Latossol in environment conditions in Dourados-MS, from September, 2007, to March, 2008. Treatments were arranged in 4x2 factorial scheme in a randomized block experimental design, with four replications. Planting was done with cuttings that were compound of whole cormerls. From 30 days after planting and at every 30 days measures of plant heights were done. In harvest, which was done on 180 days after planting-DAP, fresh and dried mass of leaves (limb + petiole), of corms-RM, of commercial cormels-RFC and of non-commercial cormels-RFNC, and diameters and lengths of commercial cormels-RFC were evaluated. Economic analysis of treatments were done using the relation of obtained yield with studied factors and the probable income. Growth curves of plant heights of taro were not influenced by clones and number of rows per plot interaction, but they were influenced by clones and dates of evaluation interaction, with maximum calculated height of 79.77 cm, which was reached on 143 DAP in plants of Cascudo clone. Fresh and dried masses of studied morphological compounds were not influenced by clones and number of rows of plants per plot interaction, but they were influenced by factors in isolated way. Fresh mass of plants that were cultivated under three rows per plot was superior in 8.52; 2.88; 5.38; and 4.97 t ha-1 of leaves, RM, RFC and RFNC, respectively than those under two rows. Dried mass of plants that were cultivated under three rows was superior in 0.69; 0.65; 1.13 and 1.01 t ha-1 of leaves, RM, RFC and RFNC, respectively that those under two rows. Macaquinho clone showed the highest fresh 18.25 t ha-1 and dried 2.96 t ha-1 mass, which were superior in 12.26 t ha-1 and 1.52 t ha-1, respectively, than the Cascudo, which had the smallest masses. Estimated cost for producing 1.0 ha of taro had variation of 42.50% (R$ 2,514.97) between the smallest cost of production, which was R$ 5,917.05 for Cascudo under two rows of plants and the highest cost, which was R$ 8,432.05 for Chines under three rows of plants, respectively. In the conditions that the experiment was carried out, the greatest net income was obtained with Macaquinho clone that was cultivated under two rows of plants per plot (R$ 14,535.31). / O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a produção e a rentabilidade dos clones de taro Cascudo, Japonês, Chinês e Macaquinho, cultivados sob duas e três fileiras de plantas no canteiro, em um Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico nas condições ambientes de Dourados-MS, no período de setembro de 2007 a março de 2008. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial 4x2, no delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. O plantio foi realizado com mudas compostas de rizomas-filho inteiros. A partir de 30 dias após o plantio e a cada 30 dias realizaram-se medições de altura das plantas. Na colheita, realizada aos 180 dias após o plantio-DAP, foram avaliadas as massas frescas e secas das folhas (limbo + pecíolo), dos rizomas-mãe-RM, dos rizomas-filho comerciais-RFC e dos rizomas-filho não comerciais-RFNC, além dos diâmetros e comprimentos dos rizomas-filho comerciais-RFC. A análise econômica dos tratamentos foi efetivada através da relação da produção obtida com os fatores em estudo e os prováveis retornos econômicos. As curvas de crescimento de altura das plantas de taro não foram influenciadas pela interação clones e número de fileiras no canteiro, mas foram influenciadas pela interação entre clones e épocas de avaliação, com altura máxima calculada de 79,77 cm, alcançada aos 143 DAP, nas plantas do clone Cascudo. As massas frescas e secas dos componentes morfológicos estudados não foram influenciadas pela interação clones e número de fileiras de plantas no canteiro, mas foram influenciados pelos fatores em forma isolada. A massa fresca das plantas cultivadas com três fileiras no canteiro foi superior em 8,52; 2,88; 5,38 e 4,97 t ha-1 de folhas, RM, RFC e RFNC, respectivamente às sob duas fileiras. A massa seca das plantas cultivadas com três fileiras foi superior em 0,69; 0,65; 1,13 e 1,01 t ha-1 de folhas, RM, RFC e RFNC, respectivamente às sob duas fileiras. O clone Macaquinho apresentou a maior massa fresca 18,25 t ha-1 e seca 2,96 t ha-1 que superou em 12,26 t ha-1 e 1,52 t ha-1, respectivamente às do Cascudo, que teve as menores massas. O custo estimado para produzir 1,0 ha de taro teve variação de 42,50% (R$ 2.514,97) entre o menor custo de produção, que foi de R$ 5.917,05 no Cascudo com duas fileiras de plantas e o maior custo, que foi de R$ 8.432,05 no Chinês com três fileiras de plantas, respectivamente. Nas condições em que foi desenvolvido o experimento, a maior renda líquida foi obtida com o clone Macaquinho com duas fileiras de plantas no canteiro (R$ 14.535,31).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T12:59:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaCristinaAjalla_corrigido.pdf: 258063 bytes, checksum: 55d6aac49025d4f41d55655d2b17ef1f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-04 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth and the production of marcela, biomass in culture single and joined with tansagem and to determine the best arrangement of plants of these medicinal species, in intercropping being aimed at the productive increase and economic return. Was constituted six treatments: two rows of marcela with space of 0,40 m (M040); two rows of marcela with space of 0,25 m (M0,25); two rows of plantain with space of 0,75 m (T0,75); three rows of plantain with space of 0,40 m (T0,40); two rows of marcela with space of 0,40 m with three rows of plantain (M0,40T0,40) in its sides; two rows of marcela with space of 0,25 with two rows of plantain (M0,25T75) in its sides. Design was randomized blocks with four replications. Any of treatments influenced heights of marcela plants neither of plantain. Maximum height of marcela was 0,78 m, under intercrop and spaced 0,25 m, while of plantain was 0,11 m, on 56 days after transplant, under intercrop with marcela spaced 0,75 m. Yields of aerial parts and of marcela flowers were not influenced by intercropping neither by plant arrangement, but they were smalest in the third date of harvest. Fresh mass of flowers were 2,51, 2,63 e 1,28 t ha-1, respectively, on 180, 210 and 225 days after transplant. Fresh mass of Plantain did not influenced by intercroping (average of 4,92 t ha-1), but it was bigger under the greater under space T0,40 (6,13 t ha-1), that in the T0,75 space (3,32 t ha-1). Land Equivalent Ratio of 1,6 M0,40T0,40 and M0,25T0,75 intercrops was 2,4, which indicates that the intercrop of both marcela and tansagem was effective. How mach the gross income, it observed value for M0,40T0,40 of R$ 10.755,00 and for M0,25T0,75 of R$ 14.582,00 corresponding we acréscimos it of 30% and 77% in the gross income, respectively / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento e a produção de biomassa de marcela, em cultivo solteiro e consorciado com tansagem e determinar o melhor arranjo de plantas dessas espécies medicinais, em associação/ consorciação, visando o aumento produtivo e retorno econômico. Foram constituídos seis tratamentos: duas fileiras de marcela espaçadas de 0,40 m (M0,40); duas fileiras de marcela espaçadas de 0,25 m (M0,25); duas fileiras de tansagem espaçadas de 0,75 m (T0,75); três fileiras de tansagem espaçadas de 0,40 m (T0,40); duas fileiras de marcela espaçadas de 0,40 m alternadas com três fileiras de tansagem (M0,40T0,40); e duas fileiras de marcela espaçadas de 0,25 m alternadas com duas fileiras de tansagem (M0,25T0,75). O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Para a marcela, foram feitas colheitas em três épocas, sendo analisadas como parcelas subdivididas no tempo. Nenhum dos tratamentos influenciou as alturas das plantas da marcela nem da tansagem. A altura máxima da marcela foi de 0,78 m, sob consórcio e espaçamento de 0,25 m, aos 210 dias após o transplante, enquanto a da tansagem foi de 0,11 m, aos 56 dias após o transplante, sob consórcio com a marcela e espaçamento de 0,75 m. As produções de partes aéreas sem flores e das flores da marcela não foram influenciadas pelo consórcio nem pelo arranjo de plantas, mas foram menores na terceira época de colheita. As massas frescas das flores foram de 2,51, 2,63 e 1,28 t ha-1, respectivamente, aos 180, 210 e 225 dias após o transplante. A massa fresca das folhas da tansagem não foi influenciada pelo consórcio (média de 4,92 t ha-1) mas foi maior sob o espaçamento T0,40 (6,13 t ha-1) do que sob o T0,75 (3,32 t ha-1). A Razão de Área Equivalente do consórcio M0,40T0,40, foi 1,6 e o de 0,25T0,75 foi 2,4 indicando que foi efetivo o consórcio entre a marcela e a tansagem. Quanto a renda bruta observou-se valores de R$ 10.755,00 para M0,40T0,40 e de R$ 14.582,00 para M0,25T0,75, correspondendo a acréscimos de 30% e de 77% no rendimento bruto, respectivamente

Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T12:59:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 THIAGODEOLIVEIRACARNEVALI.pdf: 760997 bytes, checksum: ad5c76c1e8802bb035ec4d7551dd2064 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-09 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Campomanesia species, Myrtaceae, popularly named of guavira are originated from Brazil, with great abundance in the Cerrado region. The fruits with unique flavor have great economic potential, as in natura foods or in the preparation of sweets, ice cream and homemade liqueurs, being appreciated by the population and are therefore heavily harvested without the worry of maintenance of plants. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of five spacing between plants and the use or no of semi-decomposed chicken manure incorporated into the soil in the biomass production, phenols and flavonoids content, antioxidant activity and in the leaf anatomy of Campomanesia adamantium. The experiment was carried out in the Medicinal Plant Garden, of Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados UFGD, in Dourados-MS, of December, 2006 to February, 2009. Guavira was studied under five spacing between plants in row (0.30; 0.35;0.40; 0.45 and 0.50 m) and in soil with and without semi-decomposed chicken manure incorporated, at a dose of 10 t ha-1. Treatments were arranged as a 5 x 2 factorial, in a randomized block design, with four replications. At 390 days after transplantation was determined the plant height (51.38 cm), stem diameter (8.91 mm) and the average number of leaves plant-1 (150). The longitudinal and transverse diameters of the fruits did not vary with spacing or using the chicken manure and were, on average 17.34 mm fruit-1 and 18.07 mm fruit-1, respectively. The highest number (28.56 fruits plant-1) and greater fresh weight (83.65 g plant-1) of fruit was obtained in the spacing of 0.32 and 0.35 m between plants, respectively, independent of the use of chicken manure. The chicken manure induced a significant increase in phenol content and reduced the flavonoids content and the antioxidant activity of fruit pulp of guavira. The abaxial cuticle thickness (4.11 μm) and adaxial (4.71 μm) and stomatal index (13.70%) of guavira leaves were not influenced by spacing between plants or the use of chicken manure. The chicken manure induced reduction of the thickness of the abaxial and adaxial epidermis of guavira leaves, and induced an increase in thickness of leaf mesophyll and midrib. The spacing of 0.35 m between plants is indicated for the first year of cultivation in the field of guavira for fruit production. / As espécies de Campomanesia, Myrtaceae, têm nome popular de guavira e são originárias do Brasil, com grande abundância na região do Cerrado. Os frutos com sabor singular têm grande potencial econômico, como alimento in natura ou na preparação de doces, sorvetes e licores caseiros, sendo esses apreciados pela população e por isso é intensamente colhido sem a preocupação da manutenção das plantas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de cinco espaçamentos entre plantas e o uso ou não de cama-de-frango semidecomposta incorporada ao solo na produção de biomassa, nos teores de fenóis, flavonóides, atividade antioxidante e na anatomia foliar de Campomanesia adamantium (guavira). O experimento foi conduzido no Horto de Plantas Medicinais - HPM, da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados UFGD, em Dourados-MS, no período de dezembro de 2006 a fevereiro de 2009. Foi estudada a guavira, sob cinco espaçamentos entre plantas na linha (0,30; 0,35; 0,40; 0,45 e 0,50 m) e em solo sem e com cama-de-frango semidecomposta incorporada, na dose de 10 t ha-1. Os tratamentos foram arranjados como fatorial 5 x 2, no delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Aos 390 dias após transplante determinaram-se altura de plantas (51,38 cm), diâmetro do caule (8,91 mm) e o número médio de folhas planta-1 (150). Os diâmetros longitudinais e transversais dos frutos não variaram com os espaçamentos nem com o uso da cama-de-frango e foram, em média, de 17,34 mm fruto-1 e 18,07 mm fruto-1, respectivamente. O maior número (28,56 frutos planta-1) e a maior massa fresca (83,65 g planta-1) dos frutos foram obtidos nos espaçamento de 0,32 e 0,35 m entre plantas, respectivamente, independente do uso ou não da cama-de-frango. A cama-de-frango induziu aumento significativo no teor de fenóis e reduziu o teor de flavonóides e a atividade antioxidante da polpa dos frutos. A espessura da cutícula abaxial (4,11 μm) e adaxial (4,71μm) e o índice estomático (13,70%) das folhas não foram influenciados pelos espaçamentos entre plantas nem pelo uso de cama-de-frango. A cama-de-frango induziu redução das espessuras das epidermes abaxial e adaxial das folhas e aumento nas espessuras do mesofilo foliar e da nervura central. Indica-se para o primeiro ano de cultivo no campo da guavira o espaçamento de 0,35 m entre plantas para se obter maior produção de frutos.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T12:59:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarceloHelmich.pdf: 3424432 bytes, checksum: cefdb0eb8576a731c43704afdc5cf133 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-24 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The aim of this work was to evaluate yield and profitability of Cascudo, Japonês, Chinês and Macaquinho taro clones which were cultivated under two and three rows of plants per plot in a Distroferric Red Latossol in environment conditions in Dourados-MS, from September, 2007, to March, 2008. Treatments were arranged in 4x2 factorial scheme in a randomized block experimental design, with four replications. Planting was done with cuttings that were compound of whole cormerls. From 30 days after planting and at every 30 days measures of plant heights were done. In harvest, which was done on 180 days after planting-DAP, fresh and dried mass of leaves (limb + petiole), of corms-RM, of commercial cormels-RFC and of non-commercial cormels-RFNC, and diameters and lengths of commercial cormels-RFC were evaluated. Economic analysis of treatments were done using the relation of obtained yield with studied factors and the probable income. Growth curves of plant heights of taro were not influenced by clones and number of rows per plot interaction, but they were influenced by clones and dates of evaluation interaction, with maximum calculated height of 79.77 cm, which was reached on 143 DAP in plants of Cascudo clone. Fresh and dried masses of studied morphological compounds were not influenced by clones and number of rows of plants per plot interaction, but they were influenced by factors in isolated way. Fresh mass of plants that were cultivated under three rows per plot was superior in 8.52; 2.88; 5.38; and 4.97 t ha-1 of leaves, RM, RFC and RFNC, respectively than those under two rows. Dried mass of plants that were cultivated under three rows was superior in 0.69; 0.65; 1.13 and 1.01 t ha-1 of leaves, RM, RFC and RFNC, respectively that those under two rows. Macaquinho clone showed the highest fresh 18.25 t ha-1 and dried 2.96 t ha-1 mass, which were superior in 12.26 t ha-1 and 1.52 t ha-1, respectively, than the Cascudo, which had the smallest masses. Estimated cost for producing 1.0 ha of taro had variation of 42.50% (R$ 2,514.97) between the smallest cost of production, which was R$ 5,917.05 for Cascudo under two rows of plants and the highest cost, which was R$ 8,432.05 for Chines under three rows of plants, respectively. In the conditions that the experiment was carried out, the greatest net income was obtained with Macaquinho clone that was cultivated under two rows of plants per plot (R$ 14,535.31). / O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a produção e a rentabilidade dos clones de taro Cascudo, Japonês, Chinês e Macaquinho, cultivados sob duas e três fileiras de plantas no canteiro, em um Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico nas condições ambientes de Dourados-MS, no período de setembro de 2007 a março de 2008. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial 4x2, no delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. O plantio foi realizado com mudas compostas de rizomas-filho inteiros. A partir de 30 dias após o plantio e a cada 30 dias realizaram-se medições de altura das plantas. Na colheita, realizada aos 180 dias após o plantio-DAP, foram avaliadas as massas frescas e secas das folhas (limbo + pecíolo), dos rizomas-mãe-RM, dos rizomas-filho comerciais-RFC e dos rizomas-filho não comerciais-RFNC, além dos diâmetros e comprimentos dos rizomas-filho comerciais-RFC. A análise econômica dos tratamentos foi efetivada através da relação da produção obtida com os fatores em estudo e os prováveis retornos econômicos. As curvas de crescimento de altura das plantas de taro não foram influenciadas pela interação clones e número de fileiras no canteiro, mas foram influenciadas pela interação entre clones e épocas de avaliação, com altura máxima calculada de 79,77 cm, alcançada aos 143 DAP, nas plantas do clone Cascudo. As massas frescas e secas dos componentes morfológicos estudados não foram influenciadas pela interação clones e número de fileiras de plantas no canteiro, mas foram influenciados pelos fatores em forma isolada. A massa fresca das plantas cultivadas com três fileiras no canteiro foi superior em 8,52; 2,88; 5,38 e 4,97 t ha-1 de folhas, RM, RFC e RFNC, respectivamente às sob duas fileiras. A massa seca das plantas cultivadas com três fileiras foi superior em 0,69; 0,65; 1,13 e 1,01 t ha-1 de folhas, RM, RFC e RFNC, respectivamente às sob duas fileiras. O clone Macaquinho apresentou a maior massa fresca 18,25 t ha-1 e seca 2,96 t ha-1 que superou em 12,26 t ha-1 e 1,52 t ha-1, respectivamente às do Cascudo, que teve as menores massas. O custo estimado para produzir 1,0 ha de taro teve variação de 42,50% (R$ 2.514,97) entre o menor custo de produção, que foi de R$ 5.917,05 no Cascudo com duas fileiras de plantas e o maior custo, que foi de R$ 8.432,05 no Chinês com três fileiras de plantas, respectivamente. Nas condições em que foi desenvolvido o experimento, a maior renda líquida foi obtida com o clone Macaquinho com duas fileiras de plantas no canteiro (R$ 14.535,31).

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar diferentes espaçamentos entre linhas e densidades de plantas em três cultivares de algodoeiro com diferentes arquiteturas de plantas. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no ano agrícola 2005/2006 no Centro Experimental Central, do Instituto Agronômico, em Campinas-SP, no Pólo Regional do Noroeste Paulista, da APTA, em Votuporanga-SP e na Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa da Unesp, Campus de Ilha Solteira, em Selvíria-MS. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2x2x3, com 4 repetições, sendo dois espaçamentos entre linhas (0,45 e 0,90 m), duas densidades de semeadura (6 e 10 plantas.m-1) e três cultivares (IAC 24, DeltaOpal e Fibermax 966). Em cada parcela experimental foram tomadas 4 plantas ao caso e avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: altura final das plantas, altura de inserção do 1° ramo frutífero, diâmetro do caule, número de ramos reprodutivos e número de capulhos por planta. Em Votuporanga foram determinadas a incidência de podridão de maçãs e a espessura do pericarpo de maçãs jovens. Amostras de 20 capulhos foram colhidas em cada parcela experimental, para a avaliação dos componentes da produção: massa de um capulho, massa de 100 sementes e porcentagem de fibra (apenas no experimento de Campinas); e para as análises das características tecnológicas da fibra: comprimento, uniformidade de comprimento, tenacidade, micronaire e maturidade. Em Campinas foi determinada a produção de algodão em caroço na área útil de cada parcela do experimento. De acordo com os dados obtidos, pôde-se concluir que: a utilização de espaçamentos mais largos acarreta maior altura final das plantas, maior diâmetro do caule, maior número de ramos reprodutivos e número de capulhos por planta; a utilização de espaçamentos entre 0,45 e 0,90 m e densidades de plantas entre 6 e 10 plantas.m-1 não acarreta em diferenças na produtividade do algodoeiro; em condições de menor competição entre plantas e maior penetração de luz no dossel, isto é, sob espaçamentos mais largos e/ou menor densidade de plantas na linha, o algodoeiro prioriza a produção de fibras; independente da cultivar e do espaçamento adotado, o índice micronaire pode aumentar com a redução do número de plantas na linha; a incidência de podridão de maçãs do algodoeiro, bem como sua severidade, estão relacionadas ao genótipo utilizado, quer seja pela arquitetura da planta como também pela espessura do pericarpo dos frutos. / The aim of this work was to evaluate different row spacings and plant population densities for three cotton cultivars with different plant architecture. The experiments were carried out in experimental areas belonging to Instituto Agronômico, in Campinas- SP, at Pólo Regional do Noroeste Paulista, from APTA, in Votuporanga-SP and at Unesp Campus de Ilha Solteira, in Selvíria-MS. A randomized block design was used, with four replicates, in a factorial 2x2x3 scheme, with two row spacings (0.45 and 0.90 m), two plant population densities (6 and 10 plants.m-1) and three cotton cultivars (IAC 24, DeltaOpal e Fibermax 966). Four plants per plot were labeled and analyzed for the plant height, insertion height of the first fruit branch, stem diameter, number of fruit branches and open bolls per plant. In Votuporanga were also analyzed the boll rot incidence and the pericarp thickness of young bolls. Samples of 20 open bolls randomized chosen per plot were analyzed for yield components: average open boll mass, 100 seeds mass, and fiber percentage, just on the Campinas experiment; and for fiber technological characteristics: length, length uniformity, strength, micronaire and maturity. In Campinas the cotton yield was determinated in the useful area of each plot. According to the experimental data obtained it was possible to conclude: the use of wider row spacing leads to a greater plant height, larger stem diameter, greater number of fruit branches and bolls per plant. The use of row spacing varying from 0.45 to 0.90 and plant densities varying from 6 to10 plants.m-1 do not affect cotton yield; under lower plant competition and higher light levels in the canopy, that is, in wider row spacing and/or lower plant population, the fiber production is prioritized by the cotton plant; independently of the cultivar and row spacing, the micronaire may increase with plant population reduction; the boll rot incidence, as well as its severity, are related to plant genotype, due to either plant architecture and pericarp thickness.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:33:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_talita_machado_wurdig.pdf: 3020436 bytes, checksum: 762e574085b2a9e95be4ad7fd8c75249 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-01 / Considering the horticulture sector, the production of onion is a traditional activity among farmers in the south of Rio Grande do Sul. In order to become viable options that provide for produces the independence of chemical inputs, the obtainment of a better productivity, according to the standards of quality and the reduction of socioeconomic and ecological costs, the present study aimed to evaluate the influence of fertilizer levels and plant population on the productivity and quality of onion bulbs using the cultivate Bola Precoce‟. Moreover, this paper aims to provide subsidy to farmers in the south of Rio Grande do Sul for the adoption of the Organic Onion Production System. The study was conducted in two distinct areas of Capão do Leão. The production of seedlings was conducted in the high tunnel system called Floating‟. The experiment consisted of a factorial AXB in a completely randomized design with four repetitions. The experimental factors were: population density of plants: with 4 levels: 33.3 plantsm-2, 40.0 plantsm-2, 50.0 plantsm-2, 66.6 plantsm-2; fertilization with bovine vermicompost in 3 levels as follows: recommended dose by the manual of fertilizing and liming to the states of RS and SC; one and a half times the recommended dose; twice the recommended dose. Agronomic evaluations were performed in stages of pre-cure (1 day after harvest) and post-cure (40 days after harvest) of variables related to bulb diameter (mm), categories in onion quality (%), bulb weight (g), total bulb (kgm-2). It was observed that: the levels of organic fertilization did not influence the productivity of onion bulbs, the increase in plant population did not interfere in the classification concerning to bulbs diameter (mm), the population density of 66.6 plants plantsm-2 provided greater productivity in Kg.m-2. / Considerando-se o setor de olericultura, a produção de cebola é uma atividade tradicional entre os agricultores familiares da região sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Buscando viabilizar opções que proporcionem aos produtores a independência dos insumos químicos, a obtenção de melhor produtividade, atendendo os padrões de qualidade e redução dos custos socioeconômicos e ecológicos da cultura, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência dos níveis de adubação e da população de plantas na produtividade e qualidade de bulbos de cebola utilizando a cultivar Bola Precoce‟. Além disso, este trabalho visa fornecer subsídio aos agricultores da região sul do Rio Grande do Sul para a adoção do Sistema de Produção Orgânico de Cebola. O trabalho foi realizado no município de Capão do Leão em duas áreas distintas. A produção de mudas foi conduzida em túnel alto no sistema floating . O experimento foi constituído por um fatorial AxB no delineamento completamente casualizado com 4 repetições. Os fatores experimentais estudados foram: densidade populacional de plantas: com 4 níveis: 33,3 plantasm-2; 40,0 plantasm-2; 50,0 plantasm-2; 66,6 plantasm-2; adubação com vermicomposto bovino, em 3 níveis conforme segue: dose recomendada pelo manual de adubação e calagem para os Estados do RS e SC; uma vez e meia a dose recomendada; duas vezes a dose recomendada. Foram realizadas avaliações agronômicas nas etapas de pré-cura (um dia após colheita) e pós-cura (40 dias após colheita) das variáveis diâmetro de bulbo (mm), categorias de qualidade de cebola (%), peso de bulbo (g) e produção total de bulbo (Kgm-2). Observou-se que: os níveis de adubação orgânica não influenciaram na produtividade de bulbos de cebola; o aumento na população de plantas não interferiu na classificação quanto ao diâmetro de bulbos (mm); a densidade populacional de plantas 66,6 plantasm-2 proporcionou uma maior produtividade em Kgm-2.

Understanding the health of rare and at-risk plant species is crucial for the conservation of biodiversity. Rare and at-risk species are often specialists with very specific requirements for growth and reproductive success. Some parameters associated with growth and reproductive success of rare aquatic species may include biotic and abiotic factors such as herbivory, competition, water depth, pH, and other factors associated with habitat quality. In this thesis, the population health of the rare and at-risk aquatic species Plantago cordata in Southern Illinois streams is assessed in relation to stream quality of sites containing Plantago cordata and sites without Plantago cordata.The objectives of this study were to (1) Determine if there is a relationship between population size structure and biotic habitat factors among populations and sites, and (2) Determine if there is a relationship between population size structure and abiotic habitat factors among populations and sites. Hypotheses were constructed using the hierarchy-of hypotheses method and most narrow alternative hypotheses are as follows: (1) There will be significant relationships between biotic and abiotic factors and Plantago cordata growth and reproductive success. (2) Levels of herbivory will have significant relationships with growth and reproductive success of Plantago cordata. (3) The abundance of co-occurring species individually and considered in functional groups (graminoid, herb, woody) will have significant relationships with growth and reproductive success of Plantago cordata. (4) Stream depth will have a unimodal relationship with growth and reproductive success of Plantago cordata, with maximum performance at an intermediate stream depth. (5) Stream pH will have a unimodal relationship with growth and reproductive success of Plantago cordata. (6) Stream quality (as outlined by the QHEI assessment) will have significant relationships with growth and reproductive success of Plantago cordata. General trends in herbivory suggest that Plantago cordata could be at greatest risk of herbivory during warmest average temperatures of the study season. There is evidence to suggest that flowering individuals could have a greater threat of herbivory than other growth stages based on Kendal correlation results. A Wilcox test determined that there were no statistical differences in species richness for plots with versus without Plantago cordata. There were relatively low values for percent cover of co-occurring species when considered in functional groups and there was overall relatively low species richness across all communities. Despite this, non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) of community data provided evidence to suggest that there were statistical differences in the species composition of co-occurring individual riparian species among P. cordata populations. A significant negative correlation for water depth and flowering individuals and a significant positive correlation with water depth and pH occurred. A significant positive correlation for stream pH with the numbers of seedlings and dehiscing individuals was also found. One-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) showed that some populations containing Plantago cordata were found to have stream pH values statistically different from nearby IEPA control streams without Plantago cordata. One population of Plantago cordata was found to be significantly different than two other populations in regards to stream pH using a linear mixed model. A principal components analysis (PCA) of stream Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) assessments demonstrated distinct clustering of Plantago cordata streams and control IEPA streams without Plantago cordata. These findings provide partial evidence to suggest that growth and reproductive success of Plantago cordata could potentially be impacted by the abiotic and biotic parameters explored in this thesis.

The low and varying protein content and high crude fibre content of sunflower oil cake produced from sunflower seed create problems for the South African oil expelling industry. This prompted research into factors that may affect the seed quality for processing purposes. The seed quality characteristics are the seed oil and protein contents and the hullability. Analysis of the kernel-rich fraction produced after dehulling gives an indication of the potential oil yield, oil cake yield and oil cake protein and crude fibre contents and thus the processed value. Seed hullability and potential losses of oil and protein were affected by seed moisture content and seed size. Drying seed resulted in increased hullability, and sifting it into size classes proved to be a mechanism for differentiating in terms of oil cake quality. The effects of cultivar, environment and selected environmental variables on seed yield and processing quality were investigated by means of field trials. Seed yield and quality were more affected by environment than by cultivar. Seed size and hullability, and as a result also the protein content of the potential oil cake, were affected by plant population, with lower populations associated with better quality. Increased nitrogen application improved seed yield and seed protein content but lowered seed oil content, with no effect on hullability. Boron fertilisation improved seed yield in one trial but suppressed yield in a second trial. Hullability declined in one trial due to boron fertilisation. A mild water stress during the grain-filling stage reduced seed yield by 23% and hullability by 14%. Optimising the seed oil:seed protein ration through breeding may be the most advisable option for improving seed quality for processing. Due to the need for a seed grading system based on seed quality, regression analyses between easily measurable seed characteristics and seed quality parameters were done. The relatively low mean deviation between measured and predicted values indicate that seed oil content, protein content and hullability can be estimated with reasonable accuracy. These relationships must still be validated. / Dissertation (PhD (Plant Production: Agronomy))--University of Pretoria, 2002. / Plant Production and Soil Science / unrestricted

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is a highly productive crop that is cultivated worldwide for its fibre content which may be used to produce various commodities. The kenaf crop was commercially cultivated in South Africa in the 1950’s, but production was discontinued from the 1960’s up to the mid 2000’s. Production commenced again and kenaf emreged as a “new” fibre crop with the first kenaf processing factory in the country going into production in 2006 in KwaZulu-Natal. Due to the importance of kenaf in manufacturing of various commodities, there was a need to investigate the agronomic practices thereof to ensure sustainable yield. Therefore a two year study (2008/09 and 2009/10 summers) was conducted in Pretoria to investigate the influence of nitrogen, plant population, row spacing and water treatments on kenaf growth, yield, chemical quality and microscopic analysis of the fibre. In total, four field trials were conducted at the Hatfield Experimental Farm of the University of Pretoria. In 2008/09 a trial was conducted to investigate effects of plant population (200,000; 300,000 and 400,000 plants ha-1), nitrogen level (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1) and row spacing (0.17, 0.34 and 0.50 m) under rainfed conditions. Sampling for growth parameters were done at 85, 113 and 126 days after planting (DAP). The biomass and chemical analysis of bark fibre were conducted only at or after the final harvest, at 126 DAP. In general, no clear effect of different treatment was observed on either parameter studied. During 2009/10 three experiments were conducted. The first two had the same nitrogen levels as in the previous season, but were grown either under rainfed or irrigated conditions. The nitrogen was applied as two dressings of 0 and 50 kg ha-1 at planting and 0, 50 and 100 kg ha-1 at thinning (35 DAP). The third experiment investigated combinations of plant population (main plots) and row spacing (sub plots) under rainfed conditions. Due to increasing stem yield with increasing plant population during 2008/09, the lowest population of 200,000 plants ha-1 was left out and 500,000 and 600,000 plants ha-1 were added. The same three row spacings as in 2008/09 were used. Nitrogen was applied at 150 kg ha-1, with 50 kg ha-1 at planting and 100 kg ha-1 at thinning. Growth and biomass parameters, water use efficiency (WUE) (nitrogen trial only) were subsequently measured up to the end of the growth cycle. The chemical characteristics of bark fibre and nutrient removal (nitrogen trial only), nutrient use efficiency as well as the nitrogen contents of leaves and stems were determined only once at final harvest. The number of fibre rings and fibre bundles were assessed only once during the growth cycle. Growth and biomass parameters, WUE and both nutrient removal and nutrient use efficiency generally tended to increase with increase in nitrogen level under both rainfed and irrigated conditions. On the other hand, increasing plant population tended to result in a decrease in all growth parameters, while it increased biomass yield per hectare. Finally, the effect of row spacing was inconsistent for the same parameter from one sampling to another one, and from one parameter to another. The chemical characteristics of bark fibre showed inconsistent responses to all agronomic practices. The number of fibre rings and fibre bundles increased with increasing nitrogen level, decreased as plant population increased, but did not show clear trends with regard to row spacing. In general the plants grown under irrigated conditions performed better than those grown under rainfed conditions. The results of this study revealed that under the environmental conditions of Pretoria, nitrogen levels above 100 kg ha-1 applied in two dressings should result in best plant performance, but most benefit could be obtained under irrigated conditions. A plant population of 500,000 plants ha-1 or higher and row spacing wider than 0.34 m proved to be most suitable for both growth and biomass parameters. / Dissertation (MScAgric)--University of Pretoria, 2015. / tm2015 / Plant Production and Soil Science / MScAgric / Unrestricted