PEIXOTO, Márcio José Alves. Crescimento vegetativo, produção e composição químico-bromatológica da palma forrageira consorciada com cajá (Spondias spp). 2009. 77 f. Tese (doutorado em Zootecnia)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2009. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-04-19T18:30:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_tese_mjapeixoto.pdf: 984067 bytes, checksum: cae2f19d8780a56ef398e7e9188b54c5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-05-27T17:41:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_tese_mjapeixoto.pdf: 984067 bytes, checksum: cae2f19d8780a56ef398e7e9188b54c5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-27T17:41:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_tese_mjapeixoto.pdf: 984067 bytes, checksum: cae2f19d8780a56ef398e7e9188b54c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / In the Brazilian Northeast the efficiency of the animal production was increased when combining native pastures and grass adapted in consequence of the low productivity of the native grass, mainly at that time of drought. The importance of the forager palm as one of the most important grass, for your high productivity and quality for the ruminant. However, this research had the objective to evaluate the vegetative growth, production and composition chemistry-bromatologic of the joined forager palm with caja (Spondias spp) in the semi-arid person from the state of Ceará. The experiment was led in the Experimental Farm, in Quixadá, CE in the period from 2003 to 2007, with the planting accomplished in November of 2003 in soil classified like texture Luvissolo Sandy Franco. The experimental desig was randomly blocks with factorial by 2x2x2 with 4 repetitions, with the following treatments: T1 - Plant Sun Not Fertilized east/weast; T2 - Planting Fertilized Sun east/weast; T3 - Plant Sun Not Fertilized Noth/South; T4 - Planting Fertilized Sun North/South; T5 - Plant Shadow Not Fertilized east/weast; T6 - Plant Shandow Fertilized east/weast; T7 - Plant Shandow Not Fertilized North/South; T8 - Plant Shandow Fertilized North/South. In the treatments with manuring 1 kg/cov of tanned bovine manure was placed, corresponding to 20 t / ha. The plant used for the shandow it was the caja (Spondias ssp.), spaced of 7 x 7 m and cup with 1.5 m of height. To accomplish the measures morphometric length, width and thickness used a ruler of 50 cm and a caliper, respectively. During the collection of each plant the cladodes were numbered by order, being the primary cladodes those original of the cladode base, the secondary ones those original of first order and so forth and heavy. Soon after a composed sample was removed to determine the tenors of Fiber in Acid Detergent, Lignina, Ethereal Extract, Crude Protein, ash. For the appraised parameters a variance analysis was accomplished to verify the significant of the factors (sun and shade, east/weast and north/south, fertilized and not fertilized and the interaction among the factors) and the averages compared by the test of Tukey to 5% of probability. Significant effect was verified (P<0.05) for interaction sun/shade and fertilized/not fertilized for the variable length, width, thickness of the cladodes, productivity of the forager palm, ash and total carbohydrates. Already for the Fiber in Acid Detergent verified significant effect (P<0.05) for the interaction sun/shandow and east/weast, north/south. Conclude that in the edafoclimatic conditions where the experiment was lead, the organic fertilization and the plantation in the sun they induce to one better performance of the forager palm (Opuntia fícus-indica (L.) Mill). / No Nordeste brasileiro a eficiência da produção animal foi incrementada ao combinar pastagens nativas e forrageiras adaptadas em conseqüência da baixa produtividade das forrageiras nativas, principalmente na época de estiagem. Tendo em vista a importância da palma forrageira como um dos mais importantes recursos forrageiro, pela sua elevada produtividade e qualidade para os ruminantes. No entanto, essa pesquisa teve o objetivo de avaliar o crescimento vegetativo, produção e composição químico-bromatológica da palma forrageira consorciada com cajá (Spondias spp) no semi-árido cearense. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental Lavoura Seca, em Quixadá, CE no período de 2003 a 2007, com o plantio realizado em novembro de 2003 em solo classificado como Luvissolo de textura Franco Arenosa. O delineamento experimental foi blocos ao acaso com arranjo fatorial 2 x 2 x 2 com 4 repetições, com os seguintes tratamentos: T1 – Plantio Sol Não Adubado Leste/Oeste; T2 – Plantio Sol Adubado Leste/Oeste; T3 – Plantio Sol Não Adubado Norte/Sul; T4 – Plantio Sol Adubado Norte/Sul; T5 – Plantio Sombra Não Adubado Leste/Oeste; T6 – Plantio Sombra Adubado Leste/Oeste; T7 – Plantio Sombra Não Adubado Norte/Sul; T8 – Plantio Sombra Adubado Norte/Sul. Nos tratamentos com adubação foi colocado 1 kg/cova de esterco bovino curtido, correspondendo a 20 t/ha. A planta utilizada para o sombreamento foi a cajá (Spondias ssp.), espaçadas de 7 x 7 m e copa com 1,5 m de altura. Para realizar as medidas morfométricas comprimento, largura e espessura utilizou uma régua graduada de 50 cm e um paquímetro, respectivamente. Durante a coleta de cada planta os cladódios foram numerados por ordem, sendo os cladódios primários aqueles originários do cladódio base, os secundários aqueles originários de primeira ordem e assim sucessivamente e pesados. Em seguida foi retirada uma amostra composta para determinar os teores de Fibra em Detergente Ácido, Lignina, Extrato Etéreo, Proteína Bruta, Resíduo Mineral. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a análise de variância para verificar a significância dos fatores (sol e sombra, leste/oeste e norte/sul, adubado e não adubado e a interação entre os fatores) e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Foi verificado efeito significativo (P<0,05) para interação sol/sombra e adubado/não adubado para as variáveis comprimento, largura, espessura dos cladódios, produtividade da palma forrageira, resíduo mineral e carboidratos totais. Já para a Fibra em Detergente Ácido foi verificado efeito significativo (P<0,05) para a interação sol/sombra e leste/oeste norte/sul. Conclui-se que nas condições edafoclimáticas em que foi conduzido o experimento, a adubação orgânica e o plantio no sol induzem a um melhor desempenho da palma forrageira (Opuntia fícus-indica (L.) Mill).

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / No Nordeste brasileiro a eficiÃncia da produÃÃo animal foi incrementada ao combinar pastagens nativas e forrageiras adaptadas em conseqÃÃncia da baixa produtividade das forrageiras nativas, principalmente na Ãpoca de estiagem. Tendo em vista a importÃncia da palma forrageira como um dos mais importantes recursos forrageiro, pela sua elevada produtividade e qualidade para os ruminantes. No entanto, essa pesquisa teve o objetivo de avaliar o crescimento vegetativo, produÃÃo e composiÃÃo quÃmico-bromatolÃgica da palma forrageira consorciada com cajà (Spondias spp) no semi-Ãrido cearense. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental Lavoura Seca, em QuixadÃ, CE no perÃodo de 2003 a 2007, com o plantio realizado em novembro de 2003 em solo classificado como Luvissolo de textura Franco Arenosa. O delineamento experimental foi blocos ao acaso com arranjo fatorial 2 x 2 x 2 com 4 repetiÃÃes, com os seguintes tratamentos: T1 â Plantio Sol NÃo Adubado Leste/Oeste; T2 â Plantio Sol Adubado Leste/Oeste; T3 â Plantio Sol NÃo Adubado Norte/Sul; T4 â Plantio Sol Adubado Norte/Sul; T5 â Plantio Sombra NÃo Adubado Leste/Oeste; T6 â Plantio Sombra Adubado Leste/Oeste; T7 â Plantio Sombra NÃo Adubado Norte/Sul; T8 â Plantio Sombra Adubado Norte/Sul. Nos tratamentos com adubaÃÃo foi colocado 1 kg/cova de esterco bovino curtido, correspondendo a 20 t/ha. A planta utilizada para o sombreamento foi a cajà (Spondias ssp.), espaÃadas de 7 x 7 m e copa com 1,5 m de altura. Para realizar as medidas morfomÃtricas comprimento, largura e espessura utilizou uma rÃgua graduada de 50 cm e um paquÃmetro, respectivamente. Durante a coleta de cada planta os cladÃdios foram numerados por ordem, sendo os cladÃdios primÃrios aqueles originÃrios do cladÃdio base, os secundÃrios aqueles originÃrios de primeira ordem e assim sucessivamente e pesados. Em seguida foi retirada uma amostra composta para determinar os teores de Fibra em Detergente Ãcido, Lignina, Extrato EtÃreo, ProteÃna Bruta, ResÃduo Mineral. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a anÃlise de variÃncia para verificar a significÃncia dos fatores (sol e sombra, leste/oeste e norte/sul, adubado e nÃo adubado e a interaÃÃo entre os fatores) e as mÃdias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Foi verificado efeito significativo (P<0,05) para interaÃÃo sol/sombra e adubado/nÃo adubado para as variÃveis comprimento, largura, espessura dos cladÃdios, produtividade da palma forrageira, resÃduo mineral e carboidratos totais. Jà para a Fibra em Detergente Ãcido foi verificado efeito significativo (P<0,05) para a interaÃÃo sol/sombra e leste/oeste norte/sul. Conclui-se que nas condiÃÃes edafoclimÃticas em que foi conduzido o experimento, a adubaÃÃo orgÃnica e o plantio no sol induzem a um melhor desempenho da palma forrageira (Opuntia fÃcus-indica (L.) Mill). / In the Brazilian Northeast the efficiency of the animal production was increased when combining native pastures and grass adapted in consequence of the low productivity of the native grass, mainly at that time of drought. The importance of the forager palm as one of the most important grass, for your high productivity and quality for the ruminant. However, this research had the objective to evaluate the vegetative growth, production and composition chemistry-bromatologic of the joined forager palm with caja (Spondias spp) in the semi-arid person from the state of CearÃ. The experiment was led in the Experimental Farm, in QuixadÃ, CE in the period from 2003 to 2007, with the planting accomplished in November of 2003 in soil classified like texture Luvissolo Sandy Franco. The experimental desig was randomly blocks with factorial by 2x2x2 with 4 repetitions, with the following treatments: T1 - Plant Sun Not Fertilized east/weast; T2 - Planting Fertilized Sun east/weast; T3 - Plant Sun Not Fertilized Noth/South; T4 - Planting Fertilized Sun North/South; T5 - Plant Shadow Not Fertilized east/weast; T6 - Plant Shandow Fertilized east/weast; T7 - Plant Shandow Not Fertilized North/South; T8 - Plant Shandow Fertilized North/South. In the treatments with manuring 1 kg/cov of tanned bovine manure was placed, corresponding to 20 t / ha. The plant used for the shandow it was the caja (Spondias ssp.), spaced of 7 x 7 m and cup with 1.5 m of height. To accomplish the measures morphometric length, width and thickness used a ruler of 50 cm and a caliper, respectively. During the collection of each plant the cladodes were numbered by order, being the primary cladodes those original of the cladode base, the secondary ones those original of first order and so forth and heavy. Soon after a composed sample was removed to determine the tenors of Fiber in Acid Detergent, Lignina, Ethereal Extract, Crude Protein, ash. For the appraised parameters a variance analysis was accomplished to verify the significant of the factors (sun and shade, east/weast and north/south, fertilized and not fertilized and the interaction among the factors) and the averages compared by the test of Tukey to 5% of probability. Significant effect was verified (P<0.05) for interaction sun/shade and fertilized/not fertilized for the variable length, width, thickness of the cladodes, productivity of the forager palm, ash and total carbohydrates. Already for the Fiber in Acid Detergent verified significant effect (P<0.05) for the interaction sun/shandow and east/weast, north/south. Conclude that in the edafoclimatic conditions where the experiment was lead, the organic fertilization and the plantation in the sun they induce to one better performance of the forager palm (Opuntia fÃcus-indica (L.) Mill)

Once dominant, longleaf pine forests of the southeastern United States have been modified by 97 percent, resulting in several animal species being listed as endangered and threatened. Pine plantation silviculture (tree plantings) now occupies half of the original longleaf range where several animal species of conservation concern have experienced recent local population declines. In North America, the accepted practice of pine plantations is to plant pines densely in rows for wood production. Given that land use is considered a primary local driver for the 30% of amphibian species currently at risk of extinction, and planted pine is predicted to expand coverage by 2020, sustainable land management will require integrating ecological and economic goals, including conservation objectives. To understand how amphibian species characteristic of longleaf pine forest are affected by planted pine forestry, it is necessary to understand how associated shifts in habitat structure associated with aging pine stands influence species composition across a wide geographic area, especially populations of rare species. The purpose of this dissertation is to examine how forest structure (natural regeneration vs plantation) affects amphibian species composition and occupancy of small isolated wetlands embedded within the forest. Particular emphasis is placed on assessing several potential causal mechanisms of regional declines in amphibian species. This study was performed on Florida public forests where active forest management is a potential conservation tool and historic populations of rare amphibians occur. Sites where occupancy was assessed included: Goethe State Forest, Ocala National Forest, Jennings State Forest, Saint Marks National Wildlife Refuge, and Apalachicola National Forest. Withlacoochee State Forest was used for examining potential causal mechanisms of amphibian declines because of close proximity of reference condition forest to planted pine. Chapter One of this dissertation uses Objective Based Vegetation Monitoring (OBVM) metrics to quantify differences in forest habitat structure surrounding study sites (among planted pines and naturally regenerated second growth pine) and relationships between vegetation metrics. Increased basal area of planted pine resulted in decreased canopy openness and a significant decrease of ground cover, especially wiregrass. Serenoa repens petiole counts and percent cover of woody shrubs also significantly decreased wiregrass cover, and variance partitioning indicated that the effects of woody shrub invasion and pine basal area on wiregrass were independent on public forests. Absence of bare ground because of pine needle litter was a significant predictor of wiregrass absence in a zero-inflated negative binomial model (ZINB). ZINB predictions for wiregrass cover along a gradient of pine basal area and woody shrub abundance demonstrated the importance of habitat management for native groundcover on public forests. OBVM metrics were often positively correlated within the canopy, subcanopy, and groundcover categories. Chapter Two presents the results of site occupancy modeling comparing the presence of 10 species of amphibians in planted pine and naturally regenerated forest, focusing on the influence of canopy and groundcover habitat structure on occupancy of individual amphibian species. Amphibian species of greatest conservation need (SGCN) in Florida adapted to xeric soils, i.e. the gopher frog (Lithobates capito) and striped newt (Notophthalmus perstriatus), were found where basal tree areas were below 10.3 m2/ha, and a mesic amphibian SGCN, the ornate chorus frog (Pseudacris ornata), was found at pine basal areas up to 13.1 sq. m2/ha. All SGCN were found at sites with average woody shrub cover below four percent, and litter cover below 80 percent. Wiregrass cover was higher than four and six percent per m2 at sites with L. capito and N. perstriatus, respectively. Of 33 site detections for SGCN, only three sites had < 2.5 m2 wiregrass cover. Only one species, the pinewoods treefrog (Hyla femoralis), was more common on planted pine stands, and both Lithobates sphenocephala and L. grylio had constant probability of occupancy regardless of forest type. Percent wiregrass cover was a significant predictor of occupancy for five species, particularly for State listed species L. capito and N. perstriatus, suggesting it may be a useful indicator of habitat quality for longleaf-dependent amphibians. Chapter Three focuses on experimental release of juvenile southern toads into two types of terrestrial enclosures to independently determine if amphibian movement and desiccation is determined by forest management. Movement enclosures consisted of four 50 m x 2.5 m unidirectional runways joined at the center to determine movement rate, distance, and behavior among forests of varying habitat structure. Movement rates were relatively consistent among forest types and positively related to rainfall, which itself did not vary among forests. Canopy closure and ground slope were predictors of behavior as toads move preferentially toward canopy openings and negative slopes, particularly when in planted pine habitat. Ten desiccation enclosures, each 15 cm diameter by 45 cm tall, were used to determine water loss and survival of toads for up to 72 hours. The proportional water loss from toad bodies was significantly related to ambient soil moisture at enclosures, with moisture consistently less at planted pines sites in xeric soil, suggesting a potential source of mortality for species specialized to sandhills. Juvenile survival was particularly low at sandhills planted with pine where dry duff replaced native groundcover and likely prevented successful water conservation behavior. The results of these studies suggest that land management decisions related to planted pine forests will determine the species composition at embedded isolated wetlands for both rare and common amphibians. As natural disturbance regimes that limit woody shrub invasion are replaced by plantation silviculture tree plantings that further decrease light transmittance, native groundcover is reduced to greater extent than stands allowed to naturally regenerate following past timber harvest. Current and predicted expansion of pine plantation will particularly limit occupancy for amphibian SGCN endemic to sandhills, where planting dense pines lowers ambient soil moisture and juvenile survival. The vegetation metrics presented will allow land managers to guide forests toward conservation goals, to predict suitability of forests for amphibian species, and enhance success when repatriation efforts are needed. The significant relationship of amphibian occupancy to sensitive herbaceous vegetation (wiregrass) highlights that greater emphasis on forest groundcover is needed where amphibian SGCN occur and that cumulative impacts of forest management on native groundcover should be considered.

Concern for the severe loss of biodiversity of grassland species is often voiced. Plantation forestry is known to cause extensive and long lasting disturbance of the natural environment in particular in areas such as the mountain grassland of the Drakensberg escarpment. The survey was conducted in the Graskop area on sites within pine plantations along the Treur River bordering the Blyde River Nature Reserve. The results showed that restoration of plant species biodiversity through natural succession, on cleared plantation sites, required periods longer than seven years and that the regeneration of a great many of the indigenous forb species remained uncertain. Two survey areas were selected and within each survey area, sampling sites were selected to represent three categories of vegetation namely, undisturbed grassland and sites where pine trees had been removed three and seven years previously. Samples of plants were collected from each of these sampling sites. Analysis by means of a classification technique determined the species composition of the disturbed sites in relation to that of the intact grassland. Wheel point surveys were also carried out on these sites to provided information on the vegetation cover, as well as the degree of species regeneration on each site. The variation in vegetation composition of the various plots was ana lysed by means of Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN). The results showed three distinct species assemblages which corresponded with the three categories of sampling sites. Also that the indigenous forbs species comprised 68% of all the sampled species most of which had failed to regenerate in either the three or seven year cleared plots. The most successful grass species in establishing and persisting in all sites were, Eragrostis curvula and Loudetia simplex. The fern, Pteridium aquilinum had a high prevalence on the disturbed grassland plots and the threat of its invasion of these habitats is compounded by the physical disturbance which eradication methods cause. Planning for grassland restoration involves cognizance of the complexity of grassland ecology, the influence of a multiplicity of environmental factors and the proximity of donor sites to the disturbed areas. Applying international restoration techniques used in grasslands of different origins to those of South African landscapes could result in disappointing and costly efforts. At best any attempt at managing grassland diversity should be preceded by an holistic investigation into the environmental conditions particular to the specific terrain and thereafter maintaining a conservative approach of allowing natural succession. The threat of invasive exotic species should be integral to conserving the integrity of the remaining intact natural grasslands in South Africa. It is acknowledged that in this study regeneration of grassland species on plantation sites cleared of pine trees three and seven years previously does not include a long time span such as needed for succession to take place but is useful in showing a trend in species re-colonization to resemble the vegetation of intact grassland, as well as highlighting the absence of a great number of indigenous forb species. Copyright / Dissertation (MInstAgrar)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology / Unrestricted

This dissertation uses historical and archaeological evidence to examine changes in the landscape of two Middle Atlantic Jesuit plantations in order to understand the role that these places played in the development of rural communities. Between 1637 and 1919, the Society of Jesus established and managed eleven large estates, which provided financial support for Indian missions, colleges, and the infrastructure of the Catholic Church in America. These sites sat at the intersection of the capitalist American plantation system and the Jesuits’ ever-expanding network of missions. Religious goals and their means of economic support became irrevocably entangled in ways that supported the development of tightly-knit Catholic communities and led to the plantations’ economic failure in the mid-nineteenth century. Using archival research, archaeological survey, and the contextual analysis of Roman Catholic devotional objects, this dissertation examines how processes of landscape transformation on Jesuit estates structured and displayed social relations among surrounding communities. Analysis focuses on changes in agriculture, labor systems, built landscapes, and socioeconomic networks at two specific estates, St. Inigoes in southern Maryland and Conewago in central Pennsylvania. By examining the spatial distribution of structures and activity areas in an archaeological GIS, contextualized with historical data on agricultural production, laborers, and Jesuit finances, this dissertation shows how the plantations were representative of local agricultural and economic trends. Their religious orientation, however, made the properties distinctive, shaping the development of human relationships and creating subtle differences in the ways that people interacted with material culture. By the end of the nineteenth century, plantations were remembered as sacred places, and as the home of supernatural presences. Devotional artifacts excavated on Jesuit plantations and nearby sites provide evidence of spiritual beliefs, community networks, and missionary outreach. These objects, used within the context of community life, mediated relationships between humans and deities. Their presence at seventeenth- and eighteenth-century American Indian sites demonstrates connections between the plantations and the Jesuits’ Indian missions in Maryland and Pennsylvania. Religious material culture from nineteenth- and twentieth-century African-American sites on and near Jesuit properties shows the tenacity of Black Catholicism despite slavery, racism, and segregation within the Church. / 2021-12-06T00:00:00Z

The American plantation system, far from an idiosyncrasy of the southern United States, was a transnational formation that spread across the US South, the Caribbean, and parts of Latin America, forming a cross-border cultural sphere often called “Plantation America.” How have US and Caribbean writers understood the United States’ relationship to this broader landscape through its most alienated region, the South? And how did the South’s ties to the plantation zone impact how writers imagined the United States as an emerging global empire in the twentieth century? “Plantation America: The US South and the Caribbean in the Literary Culture of Empire, 1898-1959,” explores works by white American, African American, and Black Caribbean writers produced during a period of heightened US colonial intervention in the Americas, from the Spanish-American War of 1898, to the Cuban Revolution of 1959. It contributes to recent US-based scholarship on the plantation origins of Western modernity and draws on an older Black and Caribbean critical discourse on the plantation as a prototypically modern institution. Building on this scholarship, this project demonstrates that US expansion southward prompted writers to reckon with the South’s highly ambivalent relationship with Plantation America, and that doing so served as a fault line for deeply held anxieties over the modern United States’ indebtedness to the plantation complex and its creolized cultural legacies. Its chapters thus show how US empire provoked modern writers to respond to the plantation as a driver of racial capitalism and industrialized labor systems, a blueprint for modern empires, a key site for the emergence and repression of cross-culturality, and a root source for traumatic forms of psychic and spiritual alienation associated with modern subjecthood. Through the lens of Caribbean critical theory, including work by Édouard Glissant, Fernando Ortiz, and C. L. R. James, I examine Richard Wright’s postplantation perspective in his little studied Haitian manuscript, transculturation in Ernest Hemingway’s Key West and Cuban works, the modern plantation empire in stories of the Panama Canal Zone by the Caribbean-born writer Eric Walrond, and William Faulkner’s transnational plantation economy in The Sound and the Fury and As I Lay Dying.

It was hypothesized that the socialspatial dialectic (location, education, politics and race) contributes to Mississippi’s low livability ranking. Regression models were employed using race, student funding rates, high school graduation rates, property tax, and voter turnout in the 82 counties as variables. The research found evidence that Blacks have lower graduation rates than Whites and property tax has a significant effect on voter participation at the gamma = .001 level. Social capital disadvantage seems to reside within both races with voter participation, property tax rates, and school funding being more pronounced with Whites. Results suggest that political capital should not be diminished in researching Mississippi’s livability ranking.

The first chapter consists of an overview of the southern plantation as it survives in cultural imagination, especially in William Faulkner’s Absalom, Absalom! and Margaret Mitchell’s Gone With the Wind. The second chapter discusses A Streetcar Named Desire and how Williams reimagines the plantation in an urban setting through the New Orleans Marigny neighborhood. The third chapter examinesWilliams’s reinvention of the rural plantation in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. The conclusion explores how Williams’s work is used as a blueprint in representing the plantation in postsouthern literature and culture.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 甲第24305号 / 地環博第236号 / 新制||地環||45(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院地球環境学舎環境マネジメント専攻 / (主査)准教授 森 晶寿, 教授 竹内 憲司, 教授 西前 出, 教授 水野 広祐 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Global Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

Dans le cadre de l'aménagement écosystémique, la stratégie des plantations forestières vise entre autres à intensifier la production de la matière ligneuse sur des stations de meilleure qualité. Cependant, l'intensification de la production du bois pourrait avoir des incidences sur la naturalité des peuplements. Or, l'objectif poursuivi dans le cadre de l'aménagement écosystémique serait de mettre au point des scénarios sylvicoles permettant à la fois d'atteindre les objectifs de production accrue de bois tout en sauvegardant le caractère naturel du peuplement. Toutefois, dans certaines situations, concilier l'optimisation des objectifs de production accrue de bois avec des objectifs de naturalité se révèle complexe. Le traitement sylvicole à appliquer dans ces modèles de plantation forestière pour maximiser la production de bois peut faire l'objet d'une perception négative en raison de leur aspect qui s'éloigne des paysages forestiers naturels. La présente étude s'évertue à évaluer la naturalité et l'acceptabilité sociale d'éclaircies commerciales dans une plantation d'épinette blanche (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss). Dans un premier temps la naturalité des peuplements a été évaluée sur la base d'une observation visuelle réalisée directement sur le terrain à l'aide d'une échelle ordinale de présence-absence. Dans un deuxième temps, l'acceptabilité sociale des peuplements issus des différents types d'éclaircie commerciale a été évaluée sur le plan visuel à l'aide d'un sondage en ligne auprès des membres de tables de gestion intégrée des ressources et du territoire (GIRT) et des étudiants en foresterie/environnement, d'une part ; d'autre part l'acceptabilité de l'éclaircie commerciale a été documentée auprès des responsables de la planification forestière du ministère des Forêts de la Faune et des Parcs (MFFP) et des coordonnateurs des tables GIRT à travers des entretiens semi-dirigés. L'éclaircie commerciale neutre à 33 % d'intensité s'est révélée la plus acceptable en fonction des conditions environnementales favorables qu'elle crée en comparaison à d'autres types d'éclaircies. À terme, les résultats montrent que l'éclaircie commerciale est un traitement approprié pour l'optimisation des objectifs de production intensive de bois de la naturalité et de l'acceptabilité sociale car elle est bien perçue par les répondants du fait qu'elle est un traitement du type coupe partielle. / Within the framework of ecosystem management, the strategy of forest plantations aims, among other things, to intensify the production of ligneous matter on sites of better quality. However, the intensification of wood production could have an impact on the naturalness of forest stands. However, the objective pursued in the context of ecosystem-based management would be to develop silvicultural scenarios allowing both to achieve the objectives of increased wood production while safeguarding the natural character of the stand. However, in certain situations, reconciling the optimization of increased wood production objectives with naturalness objectives may prove to be complex. The silvicultural treatment to be applied in these models of forest plantations to maximize wood production sometimes results in negative perceptions because of their appearance which is far removed from the natural forest landscapes. This study attempts to assess the naturalness and social acceptability of commercial thinning in a white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) plantation. First, the naturalness of the stands was added based on direct visual observation in the field using an ordinal presence-absence scale. Second, the acceptability of forest stands from different types of commercial thinning was visually assessed using an online survey of local stakeholders' integrated forest resource management roundtable (Table de gestion intégrée des ressources et du territoire GIRT) and forestry/environment students, on the one hand ; and on the other hand, the acceptability of commercial thinning was documented through semi-structured interviews with the forest planning managers of the ministère des Forêts de la Faune et des Parcs(MFFP) and the coordinators of the GIRT . Neutral commercial thinning at 33% intensity was found to be the most acceptable based on the favorable environmental conditions it creates compared to other types of thinning. In the end, the results demonstrated that commercial thinning is an appropriate treatment for optimizing the objectives of intensive wood production, naturalness and social acceptability because it is well perceived by the respondents given it involves partial cutting.