Most aircraft component are currently being manufactured by machining, forging, welding and also assembling such parts. However, the possibilities of cutting cost from a single component has brought about a growing trend towards looking into casting as a possible option for manufacturing aircraft parts. This thesis was done at the request of Saab Avitronics. It evaluates the possibilities of one aircraft part, a chassis for an electronic unit that was first designed to be machined from a blank, to be cast. The thesis goes through the multifaceted tasks of product development. Casting process selection, cast alloy selection as well as geometry modification were some of these tasks that were performed in this thesis. It also evaluates the performances of chosen casting processes, the design of gating systems as well as various process parameters set, by simulating the casting processes. The alloy chosen was A356.0 with a T6 temper and the casting processes chosen were plaster mold casting and rheocasting. The geometry of the original chassis, which had very thin sections and undercuts which were complex to cast, was modified and made easier to cast with an acceptable slight increase of mass and size. The modification done on the geometry as well as the gating systems used had proven to be worthwhile, as the simulation of both process showed that such a part can be casted with no crucial defects foreseen. However, probable cavities might occur at the very tip of the chassis’s thin-fins – that it has for carrying away heat. Minor subsurface porosities might also be formed, which would not impair the function of the chassis. The modified chassis was made as close to as finished piece as possible, for the purpose of reducing machining costs. The cost of producing such a part by casting was also seen to be much less than machining it from blank. This could be taken as rationale for casting the chassis with thicker sections, to avoid problems that may arise in casting, and to subsequently machine these faces later, as it would still be cheaper than machining the chassis from a blank.

<p>Most aircraft component are currently being manufactured by machining, forging, welding and also assembling such parts. However, the possibilities of cutting cost from a single component has brought about a growing trend towards looking into casting as a possible option for manufacturing aircraft parts.</p><p>This thesis was done at the request of Saab Avitronics. It evaluates the possibilities of one aircraft part, a chassis for an electronic unit that was first designed to be machined from a blank, to be cast. The thesis goes through the multifaceted tasks of product development. Casting process selection, cast alloy selection as well as geometry modification were some of these tasks that were performed in this thesis. It also evaluates the performances of chosen casting processes, the design of gating systems as well as various process parameters set, by simulating the casting processes.</p><p>The alloy chosen was A356.0 with a T6 temper and the casting processes chosen were plaster mold casting and rheocasting. The geometry of the original chassis, which had very thin sections and undercuts which were complex to cast, was modified and made easier to cast with an acceptable slight increase of mass and size. The modification done on the geometry as well as the gating systems used had proven to be worthwhile, as the simulation of both process showed that such a part can be casted with no crucial defects foreseen. However, probable cavities might occur at the very tip of the chassis’s thin-fins – that it has for carrying away heat. Minor subsurface porosities might also be formed, which would not impair the function of the chassis. The modified chassis was made as close to as finished piece as possible, for the purpose of reducing machining costs. The cost of producing such a part by casting was also seen to be much less than machining it from blank. This could be taken as rationale for casting the chassis with thicker sections, to avoid problems that may arise in casting, and to subsequently machine these faces later, as it would still be cheaper than machining the chassis from a blank.</p>

Fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) have gained popularity in upgrade projects for reinforced concrete structural elements within the last decade because of its ease of application and high strength-to-weight ratio. In the design of an effective retrofitting solution by means of an FRP system, the anchorage capacity has an important role. This study presents the results of an experimental program conducted to determine the strength of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) bonded to concrete prisms or hollow clay tiles that are finished with or without plaster. In the experimental program, different types of anchorage methods were tested in a double shear push-out test setup. A simple and effective strength model is proposed for strip type anchorages based on the existing analytical models and experimental observations from this study. This new model is suitable for determining the design capacity of CFRP-to-concrete and CFRP-to- hollow clay tile joints with or without plaster and accounts for the presence of embedment and concrete strength. Obtained results by using this model were found to closely match with the experimental observations.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:09:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3962338 bytes, checksum: 03f9aed8a56ba7c74bc692ad2af0238f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The sustainable construction concept has attracted attention worldwide, seeing that already is against scarcity of natural resources and energy, solid waste generation and emission of gases that damage the planet increasingly. This study invetigated the possibility the use of vegetable fibers pseudostem of banana and pulp packaging of cement for the development of composites that stand out for its reinforcing properties and thermal. The use of renewable materials can help reduce the strain on the environment. Packages of Portland cement are in Kraft paper and the vast majority are discarded into the environment. However, as they contain pulp fibers (cellulose) can be used as reinforcement in matrix. To obtain the pulp coming from cement bags, they were cut into pieces and passed in a paper shredder. Then the crushed material was immersed in water and passed on an industrial blender. In mixtures prepared with the fiber banana fiber percentages of 2% and 4% and the water / gypsum ranging from 0.4 to 0.7 were tested. The trace with 4% fiber and the water / plaster 0.5 resulted in a resistance of 2.80 MPa, while the mark with 2 % fiber and 0.4 of the water / gypsum produced a composite resistor 5 , 87 MPa. It is observed that by reducing the amount of fiber in the composite and the water / plaster, resistance increased due to voids also decreased . For the optimization of mixtures made with the pulp ranged up the water / plaster. The features were always molded to a ratio of 1 kg of gypsum / 0.08 kg pulp / 0.01 retardant additive. The variation of the water / gypsum was tested to get the best strength and workability. The best water / plaster ratio is 0.7. The results obtained by the method of hot plate protected, we found good results mainly the thermal properties of composites prepared with plaster and pulp packaging of cement. The test of thermal conductivity of the composite using the hot plate method showed that decreased compared to the plaster without reinforcement. / O conceitoconstruçãosustentável tem despertado a atenção em todo o mundo, visto que já se está diante da escassez de recursos naturais e de energia, geração de resíduos sólidos e emissão de gases que danificam cada vez mais o Planeta. Este estudo investigou a possibilidade do uso de fibras vegetais do pseudocaule da bananeira e polpa de embalagens de cimento para o desenvolvimento de compósitos que se destacam por suas propriedades de reforço e térmicas.O aproveitamento de materiais renováveis pode ajudar a reduzir as agressões ao meio ambiente. As embalagens de cimento Portland são em papel tipo Kraft e na sua grande maioriasão descartadas no meio ambiente. No entanto, elas contêm fibras na forma de polpa (celulose) que podem ser utilizadas como reforço em matrizes. Para a obtenção da polpa oriunda de sacos de cimento, estes foram cortados em pedaços e passados em um triturador de papel. Em seguida o material triturado era imerso em água e passado em liquidificador industrial. Nas misturas elaboradas com a fibra de bananeira foram testadas porcentagens da fibra em 2% e 4% e relação água/gesso variando de 0,4 a 0,7. O traço com 4% de fibra e relação água/gesso 0,5 conduziu a uma resistência de 2,80 MPa, enquanto que o traço com 2% de fibra e 0,4 de relação água/gesso produziu um compósito com resistência de 5,87 MPa. Observa-se que ao diminuir a proporção de fibra no compósito e a relação água/gesso, a resistência aumentou devido aos vazios que também diminuíram. Para a otimização das misturas realizadas com a polpa variou-se relação água/gesso. Os traços foram moldados sempre para a proporção de 1 kg de gesso/0,08 kg da polpa /0,01 do aditivo retardador. A variação da relação água/gesso foi testada até se chegar nas melhores resistência e trabalhabilidade. A melhor relação água/gesso é de 0,7. Através dos resultados obtidos pelo método de placa quente protegida, constatou-se bons resultados das propriedades térmicas principalmente dos compósitos elaborados com gesso e polpa de embalagens de cimento. O teste de condutividade térmica do compósito utilizando o método da placa quente mostrou que houve redução em relação ao gesso sem reforço.

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2016-10-19T14:44:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Valerio Ferreira Marcelo.pdf: 1719967 bytes, checksum: 92c5571022fd389d06cae5f46fa03f1a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-19T14:44:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Valerio Ferreira Marcelo.pdf: 1719967 bytes, checksum: 92c5571022fd389d06cae5f46fa03f1a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-20 / The Coastal Plains cover of Rio de Janeiro to Amapá, this landscape unit has cohesive layers of impediment located near the soil surface that promote changes in the state of water in the soil, which reduces the availability of water to plants and interfere with the development of its root system. The cohesive character is the term applied to describe subsurface horizons that have a significant increase in the cohesion of its particles. Soils with the cohesive character have serious physical limitations, especially by the presence of horizons that have, when dry, a strong cohesion, restricting plant growth, but when wet, its structure becomes very unstable. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of chemical conditioners in improving the physical quality of cohesive soils in the environment of the coastal Pernambuco, from physical and physical-hydric attributes trials. Opened a profile on acreage of cane sugar on the North Coast Plains Forest Zone and collected samples structured and unstructured the cohesive horizon. The samples were divided into three treatments T0 (control), T1 (polyacrylamide - PAM / 100 mg kg-1) and T2 (PAM + Gypsum-CaSO42H2O / 1,523 g L-1). The evaluated attributes were: Total porosity (macro, meso, micro and criptoporosidade); bulk density (Ds); water retention curve characteristic of the soil (CCRAS); soil resistance to root penetration (RP), limiting water range (LLWR). The mean physical parameters analyzed were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the parameters that differ significantly was the Tukey test, using the SAS application. The embodiment of the toilet in soil contained in the soil core before or after application of conditioners do not affect the results of the bulk density (BD); The form of distribution of pores, showed changes in porosity in the soil under the action of conditioners; The penetration resistance was efficient attribute to evaluate the reduction of cohesion; The structural stability index was not conclusive for choosing the best treatment; The values of the IHO demonstrated the efficacy of this attribute, regarding the availability of water for the plants; Treatment with WFP increased the availability of water to plants. / Os Tabuleiros Costeiros abrangem do Rio de Janeiro ao Amapá, esta unidade de paisagem possui camadas coesas de impedimento localizadas próximas à superfície do solo que promovem alterações no estado da água no solo, que reduz a disponibilidade de água às plantas, além de interferir no desenvolvimento de seu sistema radicular. O caráter coeso é o termo aplicado para descrever horizontes subsuperficiais que apresentam aumento significativo na coesão das suas partículas. Solos que apresentam o caráter coeso têm sérias limitações físicas, sobretudo pela presença de horizontes que apresentam, quando secos, uma forte coesão, restringindo o crescimento das plantas, mas, quando úmidos, a sua estrutura torna-se muito instável. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o uso de condicionadores químicos na melhoria da qualidade física de solos coesos no ambiente dos Tabuleiros Costeiros de Pernambuco, a partir de ensaios de atributos físicos e físico-hídricos. Foi aberto um perfil em área de plantio de cana-de-açúcar sobre Tabuleiro Costeiro na Zona da Mata Norte e coletado amostras estruturadas e não estruturadas do horizonte coeso. As amostras foram subdivididas em três tratamentos T0 (Controle), T1 (Poliacrilamida - PAM /100 mg kg-1) e T2 (PAM + Gesso-CaSO42H2O/1,523 g L-1). Os atributos físicos avaliados foram: Porosidade Total (macro, meso, micro e criptoporosidade); densidade do solo (Ds); curva característica de retenção de água no solo (CCRAS); resistência do solo a penetração de raízes (RP), intervalo hídrico ótimo (IHO). As médias dos parâmetros físicos analisados foram submetidas à análise de variância (ANOVA) e para os parâmetros que apresentarem diferenças significativas foi aplicado o teste de Tukey, por meio do aplicativo SAS. A realização da toalete no solo contido nos anéis volumétricos, antes ou após a aplicação dos condicionadores, não interfere nos resultados da densidade (Ds); A forma de distribuição de poros, evidenciou as modificações na porosidade no solo sob ação dos condicionadores; A resistência à penetração foi um atributo eficiente para avaliar a redução da coesão; O índice de estabilidade estrutural não foi conclusivo para a escolha do melhor tratamento; Os valores do IHO comprovam a eficiência deste atributo, com relação à disponibilidade de água para às plantas; O tratamento com PAM aumentou a disponibilidade de água às plantas.

The uses of renewable materials, as well as the reduction, reuse and recycling of the residues indicates the search for technological alternatives for sustainable development. In this context are the materials used in building. For the plaster is the building the largest market, because its use from the core products, and also from the first constructive step to the last stage of completion. Its use as plaster boards, precast flooring and ceilings and walls have increased significantly, it provides a reduction of process steps, resulting in cost savings and the amount of materials used. However, after application it has characteristics such as low mechanical efficiency in the presence of water, low capacity to absorb impact loads, the cracks and loss of adhesion at the interface based coating. This study aimed to use the fiber residual powder from the processing of the coconut fiber industry, as filler in the matrix of plaster in order to obtain better properties against its pathologies, besides contributing in the quest for sustainability in the development of alternative building materials. The composite were prepared using calcium sulfate P. A. as reference, commercial plaster and the fiber residual powder. The fiber residual powder composition varied between 1% and 20%, and the samples in powder form were characterized by X-ray Diffraction, thermal analysis (TGA / DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared spectroscopy. Technological tests were conducted to verify the mechanical properties, for which they were made with composition of 1% and 5% of the powder using 65 mesh and 100 mesh particle size. The fracture surface was later analyzed by scanning electronic microscopy. The results of TGA / DTA indicate a tendency to increase in decomposition temperature and the temperature of dehydration of calcium sulfate dihydrate and gypsum in presence of coconut fiber. The crystal structures of calcium sulfate dehydrate and gypsum remain unchanged in the presence of coconut fiber. The morphological study together with the infrared analysis indicated interaction between the functional groups of coir dust and plaster, especially the interactions of the sulfate ion and water molecules. The best result of compressive strength was for composition with 1% loading and larger particle size. The results show better bending mechanical responses for sample with high filler concentration and particle size. / A utilização de materiais renováveis, bem como a redução, reutilização e a reciclagem de diversos resíduos apontam para a busca de alternativas tecnológicas para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Nesse contexto estão os materiais utilizados na construção civil. O gesso encontra na construção civil seu maior mercado de difusão, pois sua utilização parte desde os produtos essenciais, na primeira etapa construtiva até a última etapa de acabamento. Sua utilização como placas de gesso, pré-moldados e revestimento de tetos e paredes têm aumentado significativamente, pois proporciona uma diminuição das etapas do processo, ocasionando economia nos custos e na quantidade de materiais utilizados. Entretanto, após aplicado apresenta patologias tais como, pouca eficiência mecânica na presença de água, baixa capacidade de absorver cargas de impactos nos planos revestidos, o aparecimento de fissuras e perda de aderência na interface base revestimento. O presente trabalho buscou a utilização do pó residual do beneficiamento das fibras de coco pela indústria, como carga na matriz de gesso com o intuito de se obter melhores propriedades frente às patologias do gesso, além de contribuir na busca pela sustentabilidade com o desenvolvimento de materiais alternativos para construção civil. As amostras foram preparadas utilizando matrizes de sulfato de cálcio P. A. e gesso comercial e como carga o pó residual do beneficiamento das fibras de coco. A incorporação da carga na matriz variou entre 1% e 20%, e essas amostras em forma de pó foram caracterizadas por difração de raios-X (DR-X), análise térmica (TGA/DTA), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e espectroscopia de infravermelho (IV). Foram realizados ensaios tecnológicos para verificação das propriedades mecânicas, para os quais foram confeccionados corpos de prova com 1% e 5% de incorporação do pó com dois tipos diferenciados de granulometria, e posteriormente foram realizados análises de microscopias eletrônicas de varredura da superfície de fratura das pastas endurecidas. Os resultados de TGA/DTA indicam uma tendência ao aumento na temperatura de decomposição e na temperatura inicial de desidratação do sulfato de cálcio dihidratado e do gesso comercial na presença do pó de coco. A estrutura cristalina do sulfato de cálcio dihidratado e do gesso comercial com carga não se altera na presença do pó de coco. O estudo morfológico juntamente com as análises de infravermelho indicam interação entre os grupos funcionais do pó de coco e o gesso, em especial as interações do íon sulfato e das moléculas de água. O melhor resultado de resistência a compressão foi para composição com 1% de carga e granulometria maiores. Os resultados de flexão apresentam melhores respostas mecânicas para maiores adições e granulometria da carga.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2014-12-15T20:22:31Z No. of bitstreams: 5 Dissertação - Elianne Auxiliadora Moreira Borges Munduruca - 2013 (1).pdf: 10525561 bytes, checksum: 07a8e4382df564fbf83da2a21bf32527 (MD5) Dissertação - Elianne Auxiliadora Moreira Borges Munduruca - 2013 (2).pdf: 10283132 bytes, checksum: 86891a8fb2cc6787c47e68abef54a9b7 (MD5) Dissertação - Elianne Auxiliadora Moreira Borges Munduruca - 2013 (3).pdf: 9957787 bytes, checksum: 8f10cc9b353e9438eb3f56aa2c31f367 (MD5) Dissertação - Elianne Auxiliadora Moreira Borges Munduruca - 2013 (4).pdf: 263110 bytes, checksum: 54511210b516c244f2746115cef2570f (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2014-12-15T20:22:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 Dissertação - Elianne Auxiliadora Moreira Borges Munduruca - 2013 (1).pdf: 10525561 bytes, checksum: 07a8e4382df564fbf83da2a21bf32527 (MD5) Dissertação - Elianne Auxiliadora Moreira Borges Munduruca - 2013 (2).pdf: 10283132 bytes, checksum: 86891a8fb2cc6787c47e68abef54a9b7 (MD5) Dissertação - Elianne Auxiliadora Moreira Borges Munduruca - 2013 (3).pdf: 9957787 bytes, checksum: 8f10cc9b353e9438eb3f56aa2c31f367 (MD5) Dissertação - Elianne Auxiliadora Moreira Borges Munduruca - 2013 (4).pdf: 263110 bytes, checksum: 54511210b516c244f2746115cef2570f (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-15T20:23:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 Dissertação - Elianne Auxiliadora Moreira Borges Munduruca - 2013 (1).pdf: 10525561 bytes, checksum: 07a8e4382df564fbf83da2a21bf32527 (MD5) Dissertação - Elianne Auxiliadora Moreira Borges Munduruca - 2013 (2).pdf: 10283132 bytes, checksum: 86891a8fb2cc6787c47e68abef54a9b7 (MD5) Dissertação - Elianne Auxiliadora Moreira Borges Munduruca - 2013 (3).pdf: 9957787 bytes, checksum: 8f10cc9b353e9438eb3f56aa2c31f367 (MD5) Dissertação - Elianne Auxiliadora Moreira Borges Munduruca - 2013 (4).pdf: 263110 bytes, checksum: 54511210b516c244f2746115cef2570f (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-22 / Facade rendering perform various functions in buildings and monuments including aesthetic features, durability and economic value. However, over the years, the works begin to suffer deterioration processes, either natural or caused by unsuccessful intervention actions that trigger the onset of problems in the building rendering works, impairing these functions. In the case of historical buildings and monuments, the situation is even worse, because of the lack of knowledge of materials and techniques employed in implementing them at the time of construction. Thus, this thesis aims to study the most suitable methods for the inspection of works on facades and monuments of historical value and, from this research, aims to adapt a simplified methodology for the assessment of pathological manifestations of renderings, especially in art deco construction style built in Goiânia. To achieve this goal, was designed a case study in the Clock Tower, an important art deco monument of the capital of the Brazilian state of Goiás, has been proposed the following methodology: visual inspection for research and mapping of pathological manifestations present at the monument; photographic documentation; essay by percussion, to assess the state of rendering adhesion; application of the infrared thermograph technique; and also testing by pendulum sclerometry to evaluate the surface hardness of the rendering. As a result, it was found that the monument is deteriorated with the presence of various defects in the rendering, especially with a high cracking and dirt stains, and rust stains and disintegration. The south and north views of the tower are those most committed while in the west and east views, especially in the latter, the rendering is still in good condition. / Os revestimentos de fachadas exercem diversas funções nos edifícios e monumentos, entre as quais, funções estéticas, de durabilidade e de valorização econômica. Entretanto, com o passar dos anos, as obras começam a sofrer processos de deterioração, ora naturais ora provocados por ações de intervenção mal sucedidas, que desencadeiam o aparecimento de diversos problemas no revestimento, comprometendo essas funções. No caso dos edifícios e monumentos históricos, a situação é ainda pior, pois se somam a esses fatores, a falta de conhecimento dos materiais e das técnicas empregadas na execução deles na época da construção. Dessa forma, esta dissertação tem como objetivo estudar os métodos mais adequados para a inspeção em fachadas de obras e monumentos de valor histórico e, a partir dessa investigação, adaptar uma metodologia simplificada destinada à avaliação das manifestações patológicas dos revestimentos, especialmente de obras do estilo art déco construídas em Goiânia. Para o alcance desse objetivo, foi idealizado um estudo de caso na Torre do Relógio, importante monumento art déco da capital goiana, tendo sido proposta a seguinte metodologia: inspeção visual, para investigação e mapeamento das manifestações patológicas presentes no monumento; documentação fotográfica; ensaio por percussão, para avaliar o estado de aderência do revestimento; aplicação da técnica da termografia infravermelha e, ainda, o ensaio de esclerometria de pêndulo, para avaliar a dureza superficial do revestimento. Como resultado, constatou-se que o monumento encontra-se deteriorado, com a presença de diversas anomalias no revestimento, principalmente, com elevado índice de fissuração e manchas de sujidade, além de manchas de oxidação e desagregação. As vistas Sul e a Norte são as que estão mais comprometidas enquanto que nas vistas Oeste e Leste, especialmente nesta última, o revestimento ainda continua em bom estado de conservação.

Orientador: Gladis Camarini / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T09:22:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pinheiro_SayonaraMariadeMoraes_D.pdf: 17416977 bytes, checksum: 40dd09aaf2b35647ee390d580feb5859 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: A busca pela viabilidade técnica e econômica da reciclagem de resíduos na cadeia produtiva da construção civil vem atender às novas necessidades do setor de promover um crescimento econômico integrado às necessidades sociais e ambientais. O gesso é um material construtivo de ampla aplicação no setor. O processo produtivo é relativamente simples e envolve baixo custo energético em relação a outros aglomerantes. A reversibilidade de suas reações de transformação possibilita a reciclagem do material, o que aumenta a possibilidade de reintegração no processo produtivo, minimizando os impactos ambientais de produção. As indústrias produtoras de componentes de gesso, na sua maioria, são formadas por empresas de pequeno porte, onde o resíduo gerado, na maioria das vezes, é disposto de forma irregular, sem controle e estimativa de volume. Esse resíduo é considerado pelas Resoluções 307/2002 e 431/2011 do CONAMA, como resíduo de Classe "B", resíduos recicláveis para outras destinações, sendo grande o seu potencial de reciclagem. As pesquisas científicas na área ainda são incipientes. Faz-se necessária uma investigação detalhada do resíduo e do material reciclado. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho, por meio da adoção de um processo simples de reciclagem, composto das etapas de moagem e calcinação do resíduo de gesso de fundição, analisou as características químicas, microestruturais e as propriedades físicas e mecânicas dos gessos reciclados em ciclos consecutivos. Analisou também a influência do uso de aditivos nesses materiais. A análise dos resultados mostrou a viabilidade da reciclagem do resíduo de gesso e a necessidade de estudos mais específicos para que o gesso reciclado adquira o desempenho necessário para a aplicação no setor de componentes para a construção civil / Abstract: The search for technical and economical feasibility of waste recycling in the productive construction chain meets the new needs of the sector to promote an integrated development with economical, social and environmental needs. Gypsum plaster is a widely material used in civil construction. The productive process is relatively simple and it involves low energy costs compared to other binders. The reactions reversibility enables the recycling of the material, which increases the possibility of being reintegrated to the productive process as well as decrease environmental production impact. The gypsum components industries are formed by small companies, where the wastes are usually disposed incorrectly, without any control or estimate of volume. The waste is considered by Resolutions 307/2002 and 431/2011 from CONAMA as Class "B" which should be destined for recycling. Scientific research in this area is still incipient. It is necessary further investigations of this waste as a recycled material. In this way, the current research adopted a simple recycling process which produced a recycled gypsum plaster that was analyzed by its chemical and microstructures characteristics, as well as the physical and mechanical properties. The recycled plaster was obtained from consecutive cycles. The influence of using a superplasticizer in recycled plaster has been also analyzed. The results showed the feasibility to recycling the gypsum wastes, as well as the need of specific studies in order to allow the recycled gypsum plaster achieve the necessary performance to be applied for components in construction / Doutorado / Arquitetura e Construção / Doutor em Engenharia Civil

The improvement of subsoil chemical quality trough the broadcast lime on soil surface of no-till in Não Me Toque, Rio Grande do Sul State, hasn t been verified. This work was carried out in a farm associated to Cooperativa Agropecuária e Industrial sob Red Oxisol. This work aim to evaluate the efficiency of gypsum and fidagran in single use and mixed in improve chemical soil quality and reduce aluminium toxicity. The work was carried out in long-strips with xx x yy m including the following treatments: a) Check Plot; b) Fidagran; c) Gesso e d) Gesso + Fidagran. The rates of gypsum and fidagran followed the clay content in variable rate. The yields were recorded with a combine equipped with yield sensor. The soybean and maize yields followed the order: check plot, plot<fidagran<gypsum<gypsum+fidagran. In relation to check plot the increases were: fidagran 7 and 21.5%, gypsum 33 and 75.1% and fidagran+gypsum 54 and 125% to soybean and corn, respectively. Therefore, the increase was higher to corn in relation to soybean. Yet, the sum of yield increments when the inputs were applied single were lower than the yield increments when they were mixed. / A melhoria da qualidade química de camadas subsuperficiais através da aplicação superficial de calcário no sistema plantio direto é pouco provável. Este trabalho foi conduzido em um produtor associado da Cotrijal Cooperativa Agropecuária e Industrial sob Latossolo Vermelho. Este trabalho avaliou a eficiência do fidagran e do gesso aplicados isoladamente e combinados na melhoria da qualidade química e redução da toxidez de alumínio. O trabalho foi conduzido em longas faixas com xx e yy m incluindo os seguintes tratamentos: a) Testemunha; b) Fidagran; c) Gesso; d) Fidagran + Gesso. As doses dos insumos foram determinadas com base no teor de argila e aplicadas a dose variada. A produtividade foi recordada com colhedora equipada com sensor de produtividade. A produtividade de soja e de milho seguiu a seguinte ordem: testemunha<fidagran<gesso<fidagran+gesso. Em relação a parcela testemunha os incrementos de produtividade foram: fidagran 7 a 21.5%, gesso 33 a 75.1% e fidagran+gesso 54 a 125% para soja e milho, respectivamente. Portanto, o incremento de produtividade foi maior no milho do que na soja. Em ambas as culturas houve efeito interativo dos insumos, uma vez que a somatória dos incrementos de produtividade quando os insumos foram aplicados isoladamente foi inferior ao incremento da produtividade dos insumos combinados.

Doctor Scientiae (Odontology) - DSc(Odont) / The primary function of the jaws and teeth in mammals is chewing and swallowing. In man there are additional functions of speech, non-verbal communication and cosmetic appeal. Chewing is a complex operation requiring both adequate skeletal structures, and a well co-ordinated muscle system. There is considerable variation in both these components of chewing within which adequate function appears to be possible, at least for a modern refined diet. For example, the dental arches may not conform to the modal arrangement and teeth may be missing, yet adequate function remains (Slagter et al 1993). There are unfortunately no baseline requirements for an adequate dentition nor the minimal chewing performance necessary to avoid indigestion. A common rule of thumb when replacing missing posterior teeth is that the extent of the prosthesis can be reduced to the premolars without seriously affecting chewing (Kayser, 1984). This arbitrary estimation has not been defined by a minimum area for functioning posterior occlusal surfaces. The same lack of quantifiable measurement is a feature of assessing orthodontic treatment goals and outcomes (Omar, McEwen and Ogston 1987). The clinical rules for correcting malocclusions, usually, have more to do with the restoration of modal tooth, arch and skeletal relationships, than with the restoration of function; if restoration of function is a concern of treatment, it is not measurable in the same way that tooth positions can be assessed on plaster casts or angles measured on a radiograph. Muscle tenderness and limited movement are both features of temporomandibular dysfunction. The boundary between normal subjects, who may have some signs of dysfunction and patients, who may not have distinctly more severe signs cannot always be made (Widmar 1992). By some definitions based on the morphology of the joint structures, even symptomless individuals could be categorised as abnormal. One of the difficulties in assessing functional incapacity of a patient with muscle pain is the absence of the same baseline data needed to assess malocclusion, or the handicap due to reduced occlusal area. It is encouraging to find that a simple test, such as measuring maximum opening, is a useful indicator of treatment progress in temporomandibular dysfunction. This sign, although simple and of limited diagnostic use, reflects the poverty of useful tests for masticatory function.