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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
101

A new cervical nerve root avulsion model using a posterior extra-vertebral approach in rats / 後方進入椎体外アプローチを用いた新しい頚髄神経根引き抜き損傷疾患モデルラットの作成

Noguchi, Takashi 24 March 2014 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第18132号 / 医博第3852号 / 新制||医||1001(附属図書館) / 30990 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 戸口田 淳也, 教授 髙橋 良輔, 教授 宮本 享 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
102

Generation of functional hippocampal neurons from self-organizing human embryonic stem cell-derived dorsomedial telencephalic tissue / ヒト胚性幹細胞由来の背内側終脳領域からの機能的な海馬神経細胞の生成

Sakaguchi, Hideya 23 March 2016 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第19568号 / 医博第4075号 / 新制||医||1013(附属図書館) / 32604 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 伊佐 正, 教授 渡邉 大, 教授 影山 龍一郎 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
103

Qualitative und quantitative immunhistochemische Analyse des Plexus myentericus im Dünndarm und in der Beckenflexur des Pferdes

Freytag, Christiane 25 November 2008 (has links)
Während die Chemoarchitektur des Plexus myentericus im Dünn- und Dickdarm verschiedener Tierspezies gut erforscht ist, fehlen für das Pferd aufgrund präparatorischer Probleme solche Daten bisher weitgehend. Als wesentliche Grundlage für die immunhistochemische Analyse erfolgte die Mikrosektion von Häutchenpräparaten des Plexus myentericus aus unterschiedlichen Dünndarmlokalisationen und der Beckenflexur von 15 Pferden. Ein Teil der Proben wurde vor der Fixation mit Kolchizin behandelt, um auch zelluläre Neuropeptidmarkierungen durchführen zu können. Die nachfolgende immunhistochemische Aufarbeitung erfolgte an frei beweglichen Häutchenpräparaten, so dass die chemische Neuroanatomie des Plexus myentericus in dessen natürlicher und flächiger Ausdehnung untersucht werden konnte. Neben der Quantifizierung der myenterischen Neurone sollten cholinerge, nitrerge und calretinin-exprimierende Subpopulationen evaluiert werden. Ferner wurde die Verteilung verschiedener Neuropeptide untersucht. Die Visualisierung der Primärantikörper erfolgte durch indirekte Immunfluoreszenz. Angefertigte Präparate wurden vorrangig mit konfokaler Laser-Scanning-Mikroskopie (Zeiss LSM 510 Meta) ausgewertet. Der eingesetzte pan-neuronale Marker HuC/D führte zu einer reproduzierbaren, offenbar vollständigen Markierung der myenterischen Neurone. In keinem Fall konnte eine durch weitere Antikörper markierte Nervenzelle ohne HuC/D-Immunreaktivität angesprochen werden, was die hervorragende Eignung von HuC/D als pan-neuronaler Marker auch im enterischen Nervensystem des Pferdes verdeutlicht. Die Ganglien im Plexus myentericus zeichneten sich durch eine große Formenvielfalt und durch die Orientierung ihrer Längsachse an der Zirkulärmuskulatur aus. In den untersuchten Dünndarmlokalisationen traten vermehrt kleinere Ganglien auf, während in der Beckenflexur große, fusionierte Ganglien dominierten. Ferner wurde die Neuronendichte bestimmt, die als Neuronenanzahl/ cm² ganglionärer Fläche definiert war. Die Neuronen-dichte zeigte eine konstante Verteilung von 52.000 bis 58.000 Neuronen/ cm² ganglionärer Fläche in den untersuchten Dünndarmabschnitten und 57.000 Neuronen/ cm² ganglionärer Fläche in der Beckenflexur. Die enterische Glia wurde durch Immunmarkierung des sauren Gliafaserproteins GFAP dargestellt. In den ganglionären Bereichen erfolgte neben der Detektion von Gliafasern auch die Visualisierung von Gliazellkörpern, die den Nervenzellen kappenförmig aufsaßen. Eine deutliche Assoziation von Gliafasern mit Gefäßen, die durch Kartoffellektin markiert waren, konnte dagegen nicht beobachtet werden. Die cholinerge Subpopulation im Plexus myentericus, die durch Immunmarkierung der Cholinazetyltransferase (ChAT) erfasst wurde, war in den untersuchten Dünndarm-lokalisationen mit 35 bis 36 % größer als in der Beckenflexur (24 %). Im Gegensatz dazu umfasste die durch Stickoxidsynthase (NOS)-Immunreaktivität detektierte nitrerge Subpopulation in der Beckenflexur 33 %, wobei in den untersuchten Dünndarm-lokalisationen nur zwischen 20 bis 22 % NOS exprimierten. Weiterhin konnte in einigen Neuronen eine Koexpression von ChAT und NOS beobachtet werden. In den untersuchten Dünn- und Dickdarmlokalisationen exprimierten 6 bis 7 % der myenterischen Neurone Calretinin (CR), wobei sie im Allgemeinen mit ChAT kolokalisiert waren. Die CR-markierten Zellen zeigten hauptsächlich eine Dogiel Typ-I-Morphologie und in wenigen Fällen eine Dogiel Typ-II-Morphologie. Während Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) markierte Neurone und Nervenfasern detektiert werden konnten, blieb die Methionin-Enkephalin-Immunreaktivität auf Nervenfasern in den untersuchten Dünndarmlokalisationen beschränkt. Neurone, die das vasoaktive intestinale Polypeptid (VIP) exprimierten, zeigten überwiegend auch NOS-Immunreaktivität. Dagegen wurde eine Koexpression von ChAT und VIP oder Neuropeptid Y (NPY) nur vereinzelt dokumentiert, während die Koexpression von NPY und NOS nicht beobachtet wurde. Die vorliegende Arbeit liefert zahlreiche Daten zur Chemoarchitektur des Plexus myentericus des Pferdes unter physiologischen Bedingungen. Diese Befunde können dem Verständnis neuropathologischer Veränderungen dienen sowie deren Diagnose und Behandlung erleichtern.
104

Vascular Anatomy of the Rabbit Ureter

Douglas, Glenn C., Hossler, Fred E. 01 January 1995 (has links)
Background: The success of kidney transplant surgery and ureteral reconstruction requires the preservation of the ureteral blood supply. Because of its potential vulnerability to surgical trauma during trans plant and reconstructive surgery, the ureteral vasculature merits a full anatomical description. Methods: The microvascular anatomy of the ureter was studied in male New Zealand white rabbits by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts and alkali digested tissue. Results: The rabbit ureter is supplied predominantly by a branch of the renal artery proximally (cranial ureteral artery) and by a branch of the vesicular artery distally (caudal ureteral artery). Minor vascular continuities are also present between the capillary beds of the ureter and those of the renal pelvis cranially and the bladder wall caudally. There are no external vascular connections to the middle ureter with the exception of a single, small vein which drains into the inferior vena cava. A single group of longitudinal arteries and veins runs the full length of the ureter within the adventitia. Branches of these longitudinal vessels pass tangentially through the muscularis to supply a vascular complex within the lamina propria. This complex in turn supports a rich, mucosal capillary plexus located at the junction between the transitional epithelium and the lamina propria. In the fixed ureter the capillary plexus lies in grooves formed by displacement of the basal layers of the overlying transitional epithelium. The capillaries are continuous or fenestrated, are often invested with pericytes, and are distributed uniformly around the entire circumference of the ureter. Conclusions: The ureteral vasculature exhibits several unique features related to its function in urine conduction and its ability to accommodate expansion and contraction. The combination of techniques used provides a clear three‐dimensional view of this vasculature. Our findings also confirm that, because of its limited blood supply, the ureter may be very susceptible to injury during renal transplantation or other abdominal surgery.
105

Cerebrospinal Fluid Alterations Following Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy With Choroid Plexus Cauterization: A Retrospective Laboratory Analysis of Two Tertiary Care Centers

Dewan, Michael C., Dallas, Jonathan, Zhao, Shilin, Smith, Burkely P., Gannon, Stephen, Dawoud, Fakhry, Chen, Heidi, Shannon, Chevis N., Rocque, Brandon G., Naftel, Robert P. 01 May 2020 (has links)
Purpose: This study sought to determine the previously undescribed cytologic and metabolic alterations that accompany endoscopic third ventriculostomy with choroid plexus cauterization (ETV/CPC). Methods: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from infant patients with hydrocephalus at the time of index ETV/CPC and again at each reintervention for persistent hydrocephalus. Basic CSF parameters, including glucose, protein, and cell counts, were documented. A multivariable regression model, incorporating known predictors of ETV/CPC outcome, was constructed for each parameter to inform time-dependent normative values. Results: A total of 187 infants were treated via ETV/CPC for hydrocephalus; initial laboratory values were available for 164 patients. Etiology of hydrocephalus included myelomeningocele (53, 32%), intraventricular hemorrhage of prematurity (43, 26%), aqueductal stenosis (24, 15%), and others (44, 27%). CSF parameters did not differ significantly with age or etiology. Glucose levels initially drop below population average (36 to 32 mg/dL) post-operatively before slowly rising to normal levels (42 mg/dL) by 3 months. Dramatically elevated protein levels post-ETV/CPC (baseline of 59 mg/dL up to roughly 200 mg/dL at 1 month) also normalized over 3 months. No significant changes were appreciated in WBC. RBC counts were very elevated following ETV/CPC and quickly declined over the subsequent month. Conclusion: CSF glucose and protein deviate significantly from normal ranges following ETV/CPC before normalizing over 3 months. High RBC values immediately post-ETV/CPC decline rapidly. Age at time of procedure and etiology have little influence on common clinical CSF laboratory parameters. Of note, the retrospective study design necessitates ETV/CPC failure, which could introduce bias in the results.
106

Hochstetler AE Dissertation 7.26.22.pdf

Alexandra Elizabeth Hochstetler (13154817) 26 July 2022 (has links)
<p>  </p> <p>Pediatric hydrocephalus is a complex neurological condition associated with a pathological accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), typically within the brain ventricular system. Pediatric hydrocephalus can be primary (due to genetic abnormalities or idiopathic causes), or secondary to injuries such as hemorrhage, trauma, or infection. The current permanent treatment paradigms for pediatric hydrocephalus are exclusively surgical and include the diversion of CSF via shunt or ventriculostomy. These surgical interventions are wrought with failures, burdening both the United States healthcare system and patients with repeat neurosurgical procedures. Thus, the development of nonsurgical interventions to treat hydrocephalus represents a clinically unmet need. To study hydrocephalus, we use a genetic rat model of primary neonatal hydrocephalus, the <em>Tmem67</em>P394L mutant. In several proof-of-concept studies, we identify antagonism of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel and associated upstream regulatory kinase, serum-and-glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1 (SGK1) as therapeutics for the treatment of hydrocephalus. Using <em>in vitro</em> models of the choroid plexus epithelium, the tissue which produces CSF, we show compelling proof-of-mechanism for TRPV4 antagonism and SGK1 inhibition at preventing CSF production. Therefore, the studies in this dissertation provide substantive evidence on the role of TRPV4 in the choroid plexus in health and disease. </p>
107

Effects of progesterone at the enteric level in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease

Jarras, Hend 08 January 2020 (has links)
La maladie de Parkinson (MP) est la deuxième maladie neurodégénérative la plus répandue dans le monde. Elle se caractérise par des symptômes moteurs causés par une perte des neurones dopaminergiques de la substance noire du cerveau. Les patients souffrent aussi de symptômes non-moteurs pouvant apparaître jusqu’à plusieurs années avant les déficits moteurs. Parmi ceux-ci se retrouvent des troubles gastro-intestinaux, suggérant l’implication du système nerveux entérique (SNE) dans la pathologie. En effet, des neurones dopaminergiques sont retrouvés dans le plexus myentérique (PM) du SNE, dont un des rôles est la régulation de la motilité du tube digestif. De plus, une augmentation de l’inflammation est observée chez les patients. L’incidence de la MP est plus élevée chez les hommes que chez les femmes, ce qui suggère un effet bénéfique des hormones féminines. La progestérone a été montrée neuroprotectrice pour les traumatismes crâniens, ainsi que dans des modèles animaux de la MP au niveau du système nerveux central. N’ayant pas été étudiée au niveau entérique dans les modèles de la MP, l’objectif de ce projet visait donc à évaluer les effets de la progestérone dans le PM de souris lésées au 1-méthyl-4-phényl-1,2,3,6- tétrahydropyridine (MPTP), une neurotoxine qui modélise la maladie. Différentes doses de progestérone (0.4, 8, 16 mg/kg) ont également été administrées et les résultats ont été obtenus suite à des immunohistochimies et immunofluorescences sur le PM de l’iléon. Nos résultats ont montré des effets neuroprotecteur et antiinflammatoire de la progestérone dans le SNE des souris. Puisqu’il n’existe encore que des traitements symptomatiques de la MP, cette étude s’avère pertinente dans l’optique du développement de thérapies neuroprotectrices. / Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the world. It is characterized by motor symptoms caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the brain’s substantia nigra. Patients also suffer from nonmotor symptoms that can appear many years before motor symptoms. Among them are gastrointestinal problems, which suggest the implication of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in the pathology. Indeed, dopaminergic neurons are found in the myenteric plexus (MP) of the SNE, of which one role is the regulation of the gut’s motility. Moreover, increased inflammation can be observed in patients. The incidence of PD is higher in men than in women, suggesting a beneficial effect from female hormones. Progesterone was shown to be neuroprotective in traumatic brain injuries, as well as in the central nervous system of PD animal models. Having not been studied at the enteric level in PD models, the objective of this project was thus to evaluate progesterone’s effects in the MP of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-lesioned mice, a neurotoxin that model the disease. Different doses of progesterone (0.4, 8, 16 mg/kg) were also administered and results were obtained by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence experiments on the MP of the ileum. Our results showed neuroprotective and antiinflammatory effects of progesterone in the mice’s ENS. Since only symptomatic treatments are currently available for PD, this study proves relevant for the eventual development of neuroprotective therapies.
108

Regionalized choroid plexus-cerebrospinal fluid factors and effect of DNA Ligase IV deficiency in the developing mammalian brain

Lun, Melody 03 November 2016 (has links)
Fundamental to mammalian brain development is the integration of cell intrinsic and extrinsic signals that direct the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. Precise expression of transcription factors together with other intracellular components instruct progenitor cell fate, whereas interaction with extracellular signaling factors refines this process. We have elucidated the composition of the cerebrospinal fluid that is the source of multiple extrinsic cues during brain development. The choroid plexus, a highly vascularized tissue located in each ventricle of the brain, actively secretes cerebrospinal fluid. By RNA sequencing, we obtained transcriptome data on the choroid plexi from lateral and fourth ventricles of the mouse brain and discovered that they include transcripts unique to each tissue. Transcription factor expression in the macaque and human choroid plexi suggests that positional identities of these tissues are conserved in the primate brain. Based on transcriptional results, we defined the choroid plexus secretome, a prediction of secreted factors from the choroid plexus. By quantitative mass spectrometry, we detected proteins secreted by each choroid plexus, and comparison of these proteomic results with transcriptional profiling suggests that choroid plexus transcriptomes contribute to availability of regionalized cerebrospinal fluid factors during development. In the second part of my dissertation research, I studied the role of DNA repair mechanisms in regulating neural stem cells. These studies focused on DNA LigaseIV, an essential component of DNA double-stranded break repair, during cerebral cortical development. Deficiency of LigaseIV activity caused by a missense mutation leads to LigaseIV syndrome, in which a key clinical feature is microcephaly. Using the Lig4 R278H mouse mutant, we found increased cell death in the developing cortex, contributing to reduced cortical thickness and cellularity in the anterior cerebral cortex. These results indicate that DNA LigaseIV is essential for proper cortical development. Together, these findings illustrate the complexity of regulatory mechanisms that guide brain development, requiring the integration of mechanisms from within and outside the cell. We have investigated two such mechanisms, extrinsic cues from regionalized cerebrospinal fluid and DNA LigaseIV. These results should provide greater insight into mechanisms of normal brain development and neuropathological states. / 2017-11-02T00:00:00Z
109

Expression of Aquaporins in Mouse Choroid Plexus and Ependymal Cells

Patyal, Pankaj 01 September 2015 (has links)
No description available.
110

Purinergic neurogenic intestinal mucosal secretion

Hu, Hong-Zhen 22 December 2004 (has links)
No description available.

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