Nuestro pa s posee un gran potencial hidr aulico para la generaci on de energ a el ectrica constituido por gran variedad de ca das de agua y r os de peque~nos caudales (40 a 60 [l/s]). Sin embargo no existe en el mercado una soluci on tecnol ogica que permita su utilizaci on independiente de la caracter sticas del recurso que se tenga; modo de operaci on que se desee, sea conectado a la red el ectrica y/o en forma aislada; que sea de utilizaci on simple y posea una interfaz amigable para el usuario nal. En adici on a lo anterior no se observa en la literatura internacional un esfuerzo por automatizar este tipo de medio de generaci on, lo que constituye un nicho de desarrollo tecnol ogico para el pa s. A modo de mejorar las soluciones existentes de micro-generaci on ( 1 a 100 [kW]) y resolver el problema anterior, se origina en el Centro de Energ a de la Universidad de Chile, la idea de dise~nar una m aquina inteligente que pueda operar en las condiciones antes mencionadas. Surge la Micro Central Hidr aulica (MCH) \Plug & Play". El objetivo de este trabajo de t tulo es dise~nar e implementar un sistema de control electr onico autom atico para esta MCH inteligente de 10 [kW] de potencia, que permita explotar peque~nos recursos hidr aulicos mediante la aplicaci on de electr onica para su automatizaci on. Se toma un modelo gen erico de MCH y se complementa para obtener una simulaci on de la planta y de los controladores de frecuencia y tensi on en operaci on en vac o y con carga aislada. Se aprovechan los actuadores de los que se dispone y modi ca su accionamiento manual a autom atico. Se consigue implementar controladores de tipo PI, con cuidado de la sintonizaci on, que muestran que una estrategia de este tipo es su ciente para controlar un generador sincr onico como el de la MCH. Se implementa el control de tensi on mediante modi caci on de corriente de campo a trav es de un chopper y el control de frecuencia a trav es de resistencias de desahogo, modi cando su potencia consumida. Se obtiene como resultado nal un prototipo de planta MCH, incluyendo la electr onica que necesita para su operaci on y la programaci on del sistema de control. Constituy endose de esta forma la experiencia adquirida en hardware y software la mayor parte del aprendizaje. A futuro se propone modi car el hardware por componentes super ciales a modo de reducir espacio utilizado. Modi car los actuadores por otros m as e cientes. Y como recomendaci on nal se propone reemplazar los actuadores por un equipo de electr onica de potencia que permita que la MCH genere seg un el recurso hidr aulico y el equipo se encargue de adecuar la generaci on a los valores deseados de tensi on y frecuencia.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de um sistema de aquisição, processamento e armazenamento de sinais adquiridos de um arranjo de sensores embasado na norma IEE 1451.4 , resultando num sistema de sensores plug&play. O sistema de aquisição de sinais proposto permitirá monitorar diversos tipos de sensores para as mais variadas aplicações nos campos da área biomédica, automação industrial, monitoramento ambiental dentre outras. O sistema de aquisição proposto é constituído por um módulo chamado de STIM (\"Smart Transducer Interface Module\") cujo elemento principal é um microcontrolador com arquitetura RISC de propósito geral, [Johnson 2001]. O módulo STIM é conectado a um computador via interface serial (RS232) para transmitir dados dos sensores e receber comandos de controle. Os sensores analógicos aqui utilizados foram adequados ao sistema utilizando-se da técnica chamada MMI (Mixed Mode Interface) em conformidade com a norma IEEE 1451.4, transformando os sensores em um sistema plug&play. O módulo STIM é monitorado por um software residente no computador PC permitindo que os dados adquiridos dos sensores sejam visualizados e gravados em arquivo para posterior estudo. A obtenção de um sistema de sensores plug&play foi desenvolvida utilizando a estrutura TEDS (Transducer Electronic Data Sheet) gravada em uma memória serial não volátil. O TEDS possui informações e especificações técnicas do transdutor de acordo com um modelo (template) conforme a norma IEEE 1451.4, tal que, quando um sensor é conectado, o sistema exibe na tela do computador informações tais como, o canal conectado, o tipo de sensor, o modelo, número de série, nome do fabricante e a data de fabricação. Neste trabalho foram implementados três módulos MMI utilizando três sensores analógicos, temperatura, pressão e pH. Estes três módulos MMI possibilitaram realizar medidas comparativas que fundamentam o funcionamento do sistema. / The purpose of this work was the development of an acquisition, processing and storage system of a signal from an arrangement of sensors based on IEEE 1451.4 standard, resulting in a plug&play sensors system. The acquisition signal system proposed will permit to monitoring several kinds of sensors for a variety application in the fields of biomedical, industrial automation and environment and many others. The system proposed is formed by a module, called STIM (Smart Transducer Interface Module) that the main element is a general purpose microcontroller with RISC architecture, [Johnson 2001]. The STIM module is connected with a PC computer by serial interface (RS232) to transmit the data from sensors and to receive the control commands. The analog sensors here utilized was adapted to the system utilizing a technique called MMI (Mixed Mode Interface) attending the IEEE 1451.4 standard, transforming the sensors in a plug&play system. The STIM module is assisted by a PC via resident software that will permit the acquired data viewing and recording in file for further study. The plug&play sensors system was developed utilize the TEDS structure (Transducer Electronic Data Sheet) recorded in a non volatile serial memory. The TEDS has specifications and technical information from the transducer according a model (template) in conformity of IEEE 1451.4 standard , as well, when a sensor is connected , the system shows information on the PC screen, as the connected channel , the kind of the sensor , the model , serial number, producer name and produced date. In this work three MMI modules were implemented utilizing three analog sensors; temperature, pressure and pH. These three MMI modules let\'s realize comparative measurements that grounds the system operation.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de um sistema de aquisição, processamento e armazenamento de sinais adquiridos de um arranjo de sensores embasado na norma IEE 1451.4 , resultando num sistema de sensores plug&play. O sistema de aquisição de sinais proposto permitirá monitorar diversos tipos de sensores para as mais variadas aplicações nos campos da área biomédica, automação industrial, monitoramento ambiental dentre outras. O sistema de aquisição proposto é constituído por um módulo chamado de STIM (\"Smart Transducer Interface Module\") cujo elemento principal é um microcontrolador com arquitetura RISC de propósito geral, [Johnson 2001]. O módulo STIM é conectado a um computador via interface serial (RS232) para transmitir dados dos sensores e receber comandos de controle. Os sensores analógicos aqui utilizados foram adequados ao sistema utilizando-se da técnica chamada MMI (Mixed Mode Interface) em conformidade com a norma IEEE 1451.4, transformando os sensores em um sistema plug&play. O módulo STIM é monitorado por um software residente no computador PC permitindo que os dados adquiridos dos sensores sejam visualizados e gravados em arquivo para posterior estudo. A obtenção de um sistema de sensores plug&play foi desenvolvida utilizando a estrutura TEDS (Transducer Electronic Data Sheet) gravada em uma memória serial não volátil. O TEDS possui informações e especificações técnicas do transdutor de acordo com um modelo (template) conforme a norma IEEE 1451.4, tal que, quando um sensor é conectado, o sistema exibe na tela do computador informações tais como, o canal conectado, o tipo de sensor, o modelo, número de série, nome do fabricante e a data de fabricação. Neste trabalho foram implementados três módulos MMI utilizando três sensores analógicos, temperatura, pressão e pH. Estes três módulos MMI possibilitaram realizar medidas comparativas que fundamentam o funcionamento do sistema. / The purpose of this work was the development of an acquisition, processing and storage system of a signal from an arrangement of sensors based on IEEE 1451.4 standard, resulting in a plug&play sensors system. The acquisition signal system proposed will permit to monitoring several kinds of sensors for a variety application in the fields of biomedical, industrial automation and environment and many others. The system proposed is formed by a module, called STIM (Smart Transducer Interface Module) that the main element is a general purpose microcontroller with RISC architecture, [Johnson 2001]. The STIM module is connected with a PC computer by serial interface (RS232) to transmit the data from sensors and to receive the control commands. The analog sensors here utilized was adapted to the system utilizing a technique called MMI (Mixed Mode Interface) attending the IEEE 1451.4 standard, transforming the sensors in a plug&play system. The STIM module is assisted by a PC via resident software that will permit the acquired data viewing and recording in file for further study. The plug&play sensors system was developed utilize the TEDS structure (Transducer Electronic Data Sheet) recorded in a non volatile serial memory. The TEDS has specifications and technical information from the transducer according a model (template) in conformity of IEEE 1451.4 standard , as well, when a sensor is connected , the system shows information on the PC screen, as the connected channel , the kind of the sensor , the model , serial number, producer name and produced date. In this work three MMI modules were implemented utilizing three analog sensors; temperature, pressure and pH. These three MMI modules let\'s realize comparative measurements that grounds the system operation.

Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre du projet européen PAPYRUS (7th FWP (Seventh Framework Program) et concerne le développement de modèles et d'outils permettant l'analyse d'un procédé industriel en interaction avec les indicateurs des performances du système. Ainsi que la synthèse d'algorithmes "Plug & Play" de diagnostic de défauts. Plus précisément, le premier objectif de la thèse est de proposer des modèles et des critères qui permettent, pour un procédé complexe de grande dimension, de savoir si des objectifs, exprimés en termes de performances (coût, de sûreté de fonctionnement, etc.), sont atteignables. Dans le cadre de la modélisation de causalité du système, une méthode, basée sur le transfert entropie, est proposée afin d'identifier le modèle de causalité du système à partir des données. On s'intéressera aussi à l'influence de divers défauts sur cette atteignabilité. Les outils utilisés sont principalement basés sur l'analyse par approche graphique (graphe de causalité) conjointement avec des outils statistiques. Le second objectif concerne la mise en oeuvre d'algorithmes de diagnostic de défauts. Une procédure hiérarchique de diagnostic de défauts s'appuyant sur les modèles de causalité du système est mise en oeuvre. Cette étape a aussi pour objectif de permettre l'évaluation des performances du système. La cible est le procédé d'application du projet PAPYRUS (papeterie Stora Enso d'IMATRA en Finlande) / This thesis is part of the European project PAPYRUS (7th FWP (Seventh Framework Program) and it concern the developments of models and tools for the analysis of an industrial process in interaction with system performance indicators. Thus, the developments of Plug & play algorithms for fault diagnosis. More specifically, the first objective of the thesis is to propose models and criteria, which allow, for large complex systems, whether the objectives expressed in terms of performance (cost, dependability, etc.) are achievable. Within the causality modeling system, a transfer entropy based method is proposed to identify the causality model of a system from data. We also focused on the influence of different faults on system performance reachability. The tools used are mainly based on graphical approach analysis in parallel with statistical tools. The second objective concerns the implementation of algorithms for faults diagnosis. A hierarchical fault diagnosis process based on causality model of the system is implemented. This step also allows the evaluation of the system performance. We applied our methods on the PAPYRUS project plant (board machine Stora Enso IMATRA in Finland)

Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre du projet européen PAPYRUS (7th FWP (Seventh Framework Program) et concerne le développement de modèles et d'outils permettant l'analyse d'un procédé industriel en interaction avec les indicateurs des performances du système. Ainsi que la synthèse d'algorithmes "Plug & Play" de diagnostic de défauts. Plus précisément, le premier objectif de la thèse est de proposer des modèles et des critères qui permettent, pour un procédé complexe de grande dimension, de savoir si des objectifs, exprimés en termes de performances (coût, de sûreté de fonctionnement, etc.), sont atteignables. Dans le cadre de la modélisation de causalité du système, une méthode, basée sur le transfert entropie, est proposée afin d'identifier le modèle de causalité du système à partir des données. On s'intéressera aussi à l'influence de divers défauts sur cette atteignabilité. Les outils utilisés sont principalement basés sur l'analyse par approche graphique (graphe de causalité) conjointement avec des outils statistiques. Le second objectif concerne la mise en oeuvre d'algorithmes de diagnostic de défauts. Une procédure hiérarchique de diagnostic de défauts s'appuyant sur les modèles de causalité du système est mise en oeuvre. Cette étape a aussi pour objectif de permettre l'évaluation des performances du système. La cible est le procédé d'application du projet PAPYRUS (papeterie Stora Enso d'IMATRA en Finlande).

L’hétérogénéité des environnements ainsi que la diversité des profils et des besoins des patients représentent des contraintes majeures qui remettent en question l’utilisation à grande échelle des systèmes d’assistance à l’autonomie à domicile (AAL). En effet, afin de répondre à l’évolution de l’état des patients et de leurs besoins humains, les environnements AAL sont en évolution continue par l’introduction ou la disparition de capteurs, de dispositifs d’interaction et de services d’assistance. Par conséquent, une plateforme générique et dynamique capable de s’adapter à différents environnements et d’intégrer de nouveaux capteurs, dispositifs d’interaction et services d’assistance est requise. La mise en œuvre d’un tel aspect dynamique peut produire une situation d’incertitude dérivée des problèmes techniques liés à la fiabilité des capteurs ou à des problèmes de réseau. Par conséquent, la notion d’incertitude doit être introduite dans la représentation de contexte et la prise de décision afin de faire face à ce problème. Au cours de cette thèse, j’ai développé une plateforme dynamique et extensible capable de s’adapter à différents environnements et aux besoins des patients. Ceci a été réalisé sur la base de l’approche Plug&Play sémantique que j’ai proposé. Afin de traiter le problème d’incertitude de l’information lié à des problèmes techniques, j’ai proposé une approche de mesure d’incertitude en utilisant les caractéristiques intrinsèques des capteurs et leurs comportements fonctionnels. J’ai aussi fourni un modèle de représentation sémantique et de raisonnement avec incertitude associé avec la théorie de Dempster-Shafer (DST) pour la prise de décision / The heterogeneity of the environments as well as the diversity of patients’ needs and profiles are major constraints that challenge the spread of ambient assistive living (AAL) systems. AAL environments are usually evolving by the introduction or the disappearance of sensors, devices and assistive services to respond to the evolution of patients’ conditions and human needs. Therefore, a generic framework that is able to adapt to such dynamic environments and to integrate new sensors, devices and assistive services at runtime is required. Implementing such a dynamic aspect may produce an uncertainty derived from technical problems related to sensors reliability or network problems. Therefore, a notion of uncertain should be introduced in context representation and decision making in order to deal with this problem. During this thesis, I have developed a dynamic and extendible framework able to adapt to different environments and patients’ needs. This was achieved based on my proposed approach of semantic Plug&Play mechanism. In order to handle the problem of uncertain information related to technical problems, I have proposed an approach for uncertainty measurement based on intrinsic characteristics of the sensors and their functional behaviors, then I have provided a model of semantic representation and reasoning under uncertainty coupled with the Dempster-Shafer Theory of evidence (DST) for decision making

We are currently experiencing a rapid development of quantum information, a new branch of science, being an interdisciplinary of quantum physics, information theory, telecommunications, computer science, and many others. This new science branch was born in the middle of the eighties, developed rapidly during the nineties, and in the current decade has brought a technological breakthrough in creating secure quantum key distribution (QKD), quantum secret sharing, and exciting promises in diverse technological fields. Recent QKD experiments have achieved high rate QKD at 200 km distance in optical fiber. Significant QKD results have also been achieved in free-space. Due to the rapid broadband access deployment in many industrialized countries and the standing increasing transmission security treats, the natural development awaiting quantum communications, being a part of quantum information, is its migration into commercial switched telecom networks. Such a migration concerns both multiuser quantum key distribution and multiparty quantum secret sharing that have been the main goal of my PhD studies. They are also the main concern of the thesis. Our research efforts in multiuser QKD has led to a development of the five-user setup for transmissions over switched fiber networks in a star and in a tree configuration. We have achieved longer secure quantum information distances and implemented more nodes than other multi-user QKD experiments. The measurements have shown feasibility of multiuser QKD over switched fiber networks, using standard fiber telecom components. Since circular architecture networks are important parts of both intranets and the Internet, Sagnac QKD has also been a subject of our research efforts. The published experiments in this area have been very few and results were not encouraging, mainly due to the single mode fiber (SMF) birefringence. Our research has led to a development of a computer controlled birefringence compensation in Sagnac that open the door to both classical and quantum Sagnac applications. On the quantum secret sharing side, we have achieved the first quantum secret sharing experiment over telecom fiber in a five-party implementation using the "plug & play" setup and in a four-party implementation using Sagnac configuration. The setup measurements have shown feasibility and scalability of multiparty quantum communication over commercial telecom fiber networks.

The heterogeneity of the environments as well as the diversity of patients' needs and profiles are major constraints that challenge the spread of ambient assistive living (AAL) systems. AAL environments are usually evolving by the introduction or the disappearance of sensors, devices and assistive services to respond to the evolution of patients' conditions and human needs. Therefore, a generic framework that is able to adapt to such dynamic environments and to integrate new sensors, devices and assistive services at runtime is required. Implementing such a dynamic aspect may produce an uncertainty derived from technical problems related to sensors reliability or network problems. Therefore, a notion of uncertain should be introduced in context representation and decision making in order to deal with this problem. During this thesis, I have developed a dynamic and extendible framework able to adapt to different environments and patients' needs. This was achieved based on my proposed approach of semantic Plug&Play mechanism. In order to handle the problem of uncertain information related to technical problems, I have proposed an approach for uncertainty measurement based on intrinsic characteristics of the sensors and their functional behaviors, then I have provided a model of semantic representation and reasoning under uncertainty coupled with the Dempster-Shafer Theory of evidence (DST) for decision making